Comparison of outcomes of free-hand 2-dimensional ultrasound-guided versus navigated 3-dimensional ultrasound-guided biopsy for supratentorial tumours: a single-institution experience with 125 cases

Aditya D. Patil,Vikas Singh,Prakash M. Shetty,Aliasgar V. Moiyadi 대한초음파의학회 2019 ULTRASONOGRAPHY Vol.38 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative utility and benefits of free-hand 2-dimensional intraoperative ultrasound (FUS) and navigated 3-dimensional intraoperative ultrasound (NUS) as ultrasound-guided biopsy (USGB) techniques for supratentorial lesions. Methods: All patients who underwent USGB for suspected supratentorial tumours from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The charts and electronic medical records of these patients were studied. Demographic, surgical, and pathological variables were collected and analyzed. The study group consisted of patients who underwent either FUS or NUS for biopsy. Results: A total of 125 patients (112 adults and 13 children) underwent USGB during the study period (89 FUS and 36 NUS). NUS was used more often for deep-seated lesions (58% vs. 18% for FUS, P<0.001). The mean operating time for NUS was longer than for FUS (156 minutes vs. 124 minutes, P=0.001). Representative yield was found in 97.7% of biopsies using FUS and in 100% of biopsies using NUS (diagnostic yield, 93.6% and 91.3%, respectively). The majority of lesions (89%) were high-grade gliomas or lymphomas. Postoperative complications were more common in the NUS group (8.3% vs. 1.2%), but were related to the tumour location (deep). Conclusion: Despite the longer operating time and higher rate of postoperative complications, NUS has the benefit of being suitable for biopsies of deep-seated supratentorial lesions, while FUS remains valuable for superficial lesions.

Genetic alterations in Wnt family of genes and their putative association with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Aditya, Jain,Smiline Girija, A.S.,Paramasivam, A.,Priyadharsini, J. Vijayashree Korea Genome Organization 2021 Genomics & informatics Vol.19 No.1

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most frequent type of head and neck cancer that usually arises from the mucosal surfaces of several organs including nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, and larynx. The Wnt signaling pathway is a crucial mechanism for cellular maintenance and development. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this pathway correlates with oncogenesis in various tissues including breast, colon, pancreatic as well as head and neck cancers. The present study aims to assess the gene alterations in the Wnt family of genes so as to derive an association with HNSCC. Computational approaches have been utilized for the identification of gene alterations in the Wnt family of genes. Several databases such as cBioportal, STRING, and UALCAN were used for the purpose. The frequency of alteration was high in case of Wnt family member 11 (5%). Gene amplification, deep deletions, missense and truncating mutations were observed in HNSCC patients. There was a marked difference in the gene expression profile of WNT11 between grades as well as normal samples. The survival probability measured using the Kaplan-Meier curve also presented with a significant difference among male and female subjects experiencing a low/medium level expression. The female patients showed less survival probability when compared to the male subjects. This provides the prognostic significance of the WNT11 gene in HNSCC. Taken together, the present study provides clues on the possible association of WNT11 gene alterations with HNSCC, which has to be further validated using experimental approaches.

A Bio-inspired Hybrid Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Energy Preservation in WSN-Assisted IoT

( Aditya Tandon ),( Pramod Kumar ),( Vinay Rishiwal ),( Mano Yadav ),( Preeti Yadav ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.4

Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is adopted to enable effective and smooth communication among different networks. In some specific application, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are used in IoT to gather peculiar data without the interaction of human. The WSNs are self-organizing in nature, so it mostly prefer multi-hop data forwarding. Thus to achieve better communication, a cross-layer routing strategy is preferred. In the cross-layer routing strategy, the routing processed through three layers such as transport, data link, and physical layer. Even though effective communication achieved via a cross-layer routing strategy, energy is another constraint in WSN assisted IoT. Cluster-based communication is one of the most used strategies for effectively preserving energy in WSN routing. This paper proposes a Bio-inspired cross-layer routing (BiHCLR) protocol to achieve effective and energy preserving routing in WSN assisted IoT. Initially, the deployed sensor nodes are arranged in the form of a grid as per the grid-based routing strategy. Then to enable energy preservation in BiHCLR, the fuzzy logic approach is executed to select the Cluster Head (CH) for every cell of the grid. Then a hybrid bio-inspired algorithm is used to select the routing path. The hybrid algorithm combines moth search and Salp Swarm optimization techniques. The performance of the proposed BiHCLR is evaluated based on the Quality of Service (QoS) analysis in terms of Packet loss, error bit rate, transmission delay, lifetime of network, buffer occupancy and throughput. Then these performances are validated based on comparison with conventional routing strategies like Fuzzy-rule-based Energy Efficient Clustering and Immune-Inspired Routing (FEEC-IIR), Neuro-Fuzzy- Emperor Penguin Optimization (NF-EPO), Fuzzy Reinforcement Learning-based Data Gathering (FRLDG) and Hierarchical Energy Efficient Data gathering (HEED). Ultimately the performance of the proposed BiHCLR outperforms all other conventional techniques.

Affective Labour in the Age of Algorithms and its Political Implications

( Aditya Nayak ) 중앙대학교 인문콘텐츠연구소 2021 인공지능인문학연구 Vol.8 No.-

This paper discusses the evolution of the concept of ‘affective labour’ in order to apply it to the contemporary age of algorithms. The paper studies the shift in the nature of communication in the capitalist system of production enabled by the algorithms, and how this has led to an expansion of affective production. Finally, the paper also evaluates the new system of information management and its implications for political systems.

Mechanistic investigations on emission characteristics from g-C3N4, g-C3N4@Pt and g-C3N4@Ag nanostructures using X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Aditya Sharma,Mayora Varshney,채근화,원성옥 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.11

An improved method for the preparation of g-C3N4 is described. Currently, heating (> 400 C°) of urea is the common method used for preparing the g-C3N4. We have found that sonication of melamine in HNO3 solution, followed by washing with anhydrous ethanol, not only reduce the crystallite size of g-C3N4 but also facilitate intriguing electronic structure and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Moreover, loading of metal (Pt and Ag) nanoparticles, by applying the borohydride reduction method, has resulted in multicolor-emission from g-C3N4. With the help of PL spectra and local electronic structure study, at C K-edge, N K-edge, Pt L-edge and Ag K-edge by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), a precise mechanism of tunable luminescence is established. The PL mechanism ascribes the amendments in the transitions, via defect and/or metal states assimilation, between the π* states of tris-triazine ring of g-C3N4 and lone pair states of nitride. It is evidenced that interaction between the C/N 2p and metal 4d/5d orbitals of Ag/Pt has manifested a net detraction in the δ*→LP transitions and enhancement in the π*→LP and π*→π transitions, leading to broad PL spectra from g-C3N4 organic semiconductor compound.

Microbial electrolysis cells for electromethanogenesis: Materials, configurations and operations

Aditya Amrut Pawar,Anandakrishnan Karthic,Sangmin Lee,Soumya Pandit,Sokhee P. Jung 대한환경공학회 2022 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.27 No.1

Anaerobic digestion is a traditional method of producing methane-containing biogas by utilizing the methanogenic conversion of organic matter like agricultural waste and animal excreta. Recently, the application of microbial electrolysis cell (MECs) technology to a traditional anaerobic digestion system has been extensively studied to find new opportunities in increasing wastewater treatability and methane yield and producing valuable chemicals. The finding that both anodic and cathodic bacteria can synthesize methane has led to the efforts of optimizing multiple aspects like microbial species, formation of biofilms, substrate sources and electrode surface for higher production of the combustible compound. MECs are very fascinating because of its ability to uptake a wide variety of raw materials including untreated wastewater (and its microbial content as biocatalysts). Extensive work in this field has established different systems of MECs for hydrogen production and biodegradation of organic compounds. This review is dedicated to explaining the operating principles and mechanism of the MECs for electromethanogenesis using different biochemical pathways. Emphasis on single- and double-chambered MECs along with reactor components is provided for a comprehensive description of the technology. Methane production using hydrogen evolution reaction and nanocatalysts has also been discussed.

Clinical behaviour and outcome in pediatric glioblastoma: current scenario

Aditya Kumar Singla,Renu Madan,Kirti Gupta,Shikha Goyal,Narendra Kumar,Sushant Kumar Sahoo,Deepak K. Uppal,Chirag K. Ahuja 대한방사선종양학회 2021 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.39 No.1

Pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) is a rare entity accounting for only approximately 3% of all childhood brain tumors. Treatment guidelines for pGBM have been extrapolated from those in adult glioblastoma. Rarity of pGBM and underrepresentation of pediatric population in major studies precludes from defining the ideal treatment protocol for these patients. Maximum safe resection is performed in most of the cases followed by postoperative radiotherapy in children over 3 years of age. Benefit of temozolomide is unclear in these patients. Here, we present the clinicopathological details and outcome of six pGBM patients treated at our institute in 2018–2019.

Post-Fire Exposure Behavior of Circular Concrete-fi lled Steel Tube Column under Axial Loading

Aditya Kumar Tiwary,Ashok Kumar Gupta 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.1

Concrete-fi lled steel tube (CFST) columns are a composite member which mainly consists of steel tube infi lled with concrete that are increasingly being used as load-carrying members these days. In construction industry, CFST columns are being preferred for the development of tall buildings and long-span bridges. This paper presents an experimental investigation on concrete-fi lled steel tube (CFST) columns which were post heated and were subjected to axial loading. The thickness of the casing steel was 4 mm and 5 mm and diameter was 100 mm, 125 mm and 150 mm and were infi lled with concrete of grade M30 which were used in the present study. This study also represents the behavior of CFST columns for two cooling regimes (annealing and quenching) after exposure to elevated temperatures of 600 °C and 800 °C. The results obtained from experimental analysis were compared to each other in terms of load-deformation pattern, ultimate load capacity, residual strength index, secant stiff ness and ductility index. The test results showed that as compared with water quenching, annealing is slightly better for post fi re cooling of CFST columns. Also, the results obtained by the experimental investigation were compared with each other on the basis of two cooling regimes.

Comparative study on the reachable workspaces of regular and irregular axially symmetric hexapod robots

Aditya Srinivas Manohar,Shravan Anand Komakula,Kalaiarassan Gunasekaran,Padmanabhan Panchu K 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.10

Six-legged hexapod walking robots are well-known for their intrinsic stability during navigation and 6-DoF object manipulation. The robot must be operated under a stable workspace envelope to attain effective manipulation. The structural parameters of the robot dramatically influence the characteristics of the workspace. Most studies analyze the workspace only by varying the leg parameter of the robot, maintaining the base configuration constant. This study aims to investigate the effect of change in the base plate characteristics on the workspace for an axially symmetric hexapod robot with cyclic and elliptical configurations. Superimposing the lateral 2D workspace of each pair of legs evolved to obtain a 3D workspace. The quantitative data analysis of the workspace shows that the cyclic configuration has an average increase of 23.74 %, and the elliptical configuration has a reduction of 1.97 % reachable workspace volume compared with regular hexapods. Furthermore, regular, cyclic, and elliptical hexapods are fabricated and validated with the selective workspace analysis data to reinforce the results. This study shows that the change in the hexagonal base plate configuration has a significant influence on workspace characteristics.

Zero Sequence Currents Externally Circulating between the Back to Back Modular Multilevel Converters in Parallel AC-DC Distribution Links

Aditya Shekhar,Thiago Batista Soeiro,Laura Ramirez-Elizondo,Pavol Bauer 전력전자학회 2019 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

During the operation of a three line ac link in parallel with a ac-dc-ac link system that employs Back-to-Back (B2B) Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), a path for the low frequency zero sequence currents is shown to exist. Apart from causing additional losses, these currents can result in limitations on power capacity. A detailed analysis on the influence of cell capacitance, arm inductance and link conductor length on the circulating zero sequence currents and the means to mitigate them through a simulated control strategy is investigated. The simulations show that the dc link employing B2B-MMC can successfully operate in parallel with ac link without transformer isolation by controlling the zero sequence currents.