Repair of precracked RC rectangular shear beams using CFRP strip technique

Abdul Aziz Abdul Samad,Abang Abdullah Abang Ali,J. Jayaprakash,Ashrabov Anvar Abbasovich 국제구조공학회 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.4

The exploitation of fibre reinforced polymer composites, as external reinforcement is an evergreen and well-known technique for improving the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures. The demand to use FRP composites in the civil engineering industry is mainly due to its high strength, light weight, and stiffness. This paper exemplifies the shear strength of partially precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams repaired with externally bonded Bi-Directional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Fabrics strips. All specimens were cast in the laboratory environment without any internal shear reinforcement. The test parameters were longitudinal tensile reinforcement, shear span to effective depth ratio, spacing of CFRP strips, and orientation of CFRP reinforcement. It mainly focuses on the shear capacity and modes of failure of the CFRP strengthened shear beams. Results have shown that the CFRP repaired beams attained a shear enhancement of 32% and 107.64% greater than the control beams. This study underscores that the CFRP strip technique significantly enhanced the shear capacity of precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams without any internal shear reinforcement.

Modern Concepts of Restructured Meat Production and Market Opportunities

Abdul Samad,AMM Nurul Alam,Swati Kumari,Md. Jakir Hossain,이은영,황영화,주선태 한국축산식품학회 2024 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.44 No.2

Restructured meat (RM) products are gaining importance as an essential component of the meat industry due to consumers’ interest in health benefits. RM products imply the binding or holding of meat, meat by-products, and vegetable proteins together to form a meat product with meat’s sensory and textural properties. RM products provide consumers with diversified preferences like the intake of low salt, low fat, antioxidants, and high dietary fiber in meat products. From the point of environmental sustainability, RM may aid in combining underutilized products and low-valued meat by adequately utilizing them instead of dumping them as waste material. RM processing technique might also help develop diversified and new hybrid meat products. It is crucial to have more knowledge on the quality issues, selection of binding agents, their optimum proportion, and finally, the ideal processing techniques. It is observed in this study that the most crucial feature of RM could be its healthy products with reduced fat content, which aligns with the preferences of health-conscious consumers who seek low-fat, lowsalt, high-fiber options with minimal synthetic additives. This review briefly overviews RM and the factors affecting the quality and shelf life. Moreover, it discusses the recent studies on binding agents in processing RM products. Nonetheless, the recent advancements in processing and market scenarios have been summarized to better understand future research needs. The purpose of this review was to bring light to the ways of sustainable and economical food production.

Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus and its Association with Head and Neck Benign and Malignant Lesions in a Group of Dental Patients in Pakistan

Gichki, Abdul Samad,Buajeeb, Waranun,Doungudomdacha, Sombhun,Khovidhunkit, Siribang-On Pibooniyom Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.4

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) remain a serious world health problem due to their association with cervical and head and neck cancers. While over 100 HPV types have been identified, only a few subtypes are associated with malignancies. HPV 16 and 18 are the most prevalent oncogenic types in head and neck cancers. Although it has been proven that some subsets of benign and malignant head and neck lesions are associated with HPV, the general population have very little awareness and knowledge of their association with HPV. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge of HPV and its links with head and neck benign and malignant lesions in a group of Pakistani dental patients who attended the Dental Department of the Sandeman provincial hospital in Quetta, Pakistan. One hundred and ninety-two patients were recruited and requested to answer a questionnaire. It was revealed that there was a low level of knowledge about HPV and its association with head and neck benign and malignant lesions among the participants. This result suggested that more education regarding the relationship of HPV in inducing head and neck benign and malignant lesions is required in this group of patients.

Detection of Human Papillomavirus in Normal Oral Cavity in a Group of Pakistani Subjects using Real-Time PCR

Gichki, Abdul Samad,Buajeeb, Waranun,Doungudomdacha, Sombhun,Khovidhunkit, Siribang-On Pibooniyom Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Since there is evidence that human papillomavirus (HPV) may play some role in oral carcinogenesis, we investigated the presence of HPV in a group of Pakistani subjects with normal oral cavity using real-time PCR analysis. Two-hundred patients attending the Dental Department, Sandaman Provincial Hospital, Balochistan, Pakistan, were recruited. After interview, oral epithelial cells were collected by scraping and subjected to DNA extraction. The HPV-positive DNA samples were further analyzed using primer sets specific for HPV-16 and -18. It was found that out of 200 DNA samples, 192 were PCR-positive for the ${\beta}$-globin gene and these were subsequently examined for the presence of HPV DNA. Among these, 47 (24.5%) were HPV-positive with the virus copy number ranged between 0.43-32 copies per 1 ${\mu}g$ of total DNA (9-99 copies per PCR reaction). There were 4 and 11 samples containing HPV-16 and -18, respectively. Additionally, one sample harbored both types of HPV. Among the investigated clinical parameters, smoking habit was associated with the presence of HPV (p = 0.001) while others indicated no significant association. The prevalence of HPV in normal oral cavity in our Pakistani subjects appears to be comparable to other studies. However, the association between the presence of HPV and smoking warrants further investigations whether both of these factors can cooperate in inducing oral cancer in this group of patients.

RETARDED NONLINEAR INTEGRAL INEQUALITIES OF GRONWALL-BELLMAN-PACHPATTE TYPE AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

Abdul Shakoor,Mahvish Samar,Samad Wali,Muzammil Saleem 호남수학회 2023 호남수학학술지 Vol.45 No.1

In this article, we state and prove several new retarded nonlinear integral and integro-differential inequalities of Gronwall-Bellman-Pachpatte type. These inequalities generalize some former famous inequalities and can be used in examining the existence, uniqueness, boundedness, stability, asymptotic behaviour, quantitative and qualitative properties of solutions of nonlinear differential and integral equations. Applications are provided to demonstrate the strength of our inequalities in estimating the boundedness and global existence of the solution to initial value problem for nonlinear integro-differential equation and Volterra type retarded nonlinear equation. This research work will ensure to open the new opportunities for studying of nonlinear dynamic inequalities on time scale structure of varying nature.

Modern trends and techniques for food preservation

Ambreen Talib,ABDUL SAMAD,Md. Jakir Hossain,Ayesha Muazzam,Bushra Anwar,Rameen Atique,황영화,Seon-Tea Joo 한국축산식품학회 2024 Food and Life Vol.2024 No.1

Food preservation is the process of stopping or inhibiting the spoilage of food that prohibits foodborne diseases whilekeeping the food's nutritional value, flavor, and texture. Food preservation plays a vital role in food safety and quality. Food preservation techniques are also helpful in meeting the global food demand as these techniques provide an opportunityto store food for a long time. Food safety techniques, like salting, drying, and fermentation to increase theshelf-life of raw food, have been used since the dawn of humankind, and our ascendants must have used thesetechniques. A wide range of chemical and biochemical reactions could be the root of food spoilage. So, appropriatepreservation is necessary to stock the food for as long as possible without contamination. Primary and fundamentaltechniques like drying, freezing, pasteurization, biopreservation, and Nanoencapsulation have been instigated to stop orslow down food's chemical and biochemical destruction. Bio-preservatives are now commonly used to meet people'sdemand for food preservation as chemical preservatives are rejected. This review summarizes the various physiochemicaland microbial components that cause food spoilage and the use of different food preservative techniques likesalting, dehydration, freezing, smoking, irradiation, antimicrobial agents, preservatives, and nanotechnology in the foodindustry during processing and packaging.

Repair of precracked RC rectangular shear beams using CFRP strip technique

Jayaprakash, J.,Samad, Abdul Aziz Abdul,Abbasovich, Ashrabov Anvar,Ali, Abang Abdullah Abang Techno-Press 2007 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.26 No.4

The exploitation of fibre reinforced polymer composites, as external reinforcement is an evergreen and well-known technique for improving the structural performance of reinforced concrete structures. The demand to use FRP composites in the civil engineering industry is mainly due to its high strength, light weight, and stiffness. This paper exemplifies the shear strength of partially precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams repaired with externally bonded Bi-Directional Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) Fabrics strips. All specimens were cast in the laboratory environment without any internal shear reinforcement. The test parameters were longitudinal tensile reinforcement, shear span to effective depth ratio, spacing of CFRP strips, and orientation of CFRP reinforcement. It mainly focuses on the shear capacity and modes of failure of the CFRP strengthened shear beams. Results have shown that the CFRP repaired beams attained a shear enhancement of 32% and 107.64% greater than the control beams. This study underscores that the CFRP strip technique significantly enhanced the shear capacity of precracked reinforced concrete rectangular beams without any internal shear reinforcement.

Dentatin from Clausena excavata Induces Apoptosis in HepG2 Cells via Mitochondrial Mediated Signaling

Andas, A Reenaa Joys,Abdul, Ahmad Bustamam,Rahman, Heshu Sulaiman,Sukari, Mohd Aspollah,Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim,Samad, Nozlena Abdul,Anasamy, Theebaa,Arbab, Ismail Adam Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.10

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver cancer with high global incidence and mortality rates. Current candidate drugs to treat HCC remain lacking and those in use possess undesirable side effects. In this investigation, the antiproliferative effects of dentatin (DTN), a natural coumarin, were evaluated on HepG2 cells and DTN's probable preliminary molecular mechanisms in apoptosis induction were further investigated. DTN significantly (p<0.05) suppressed proliferation of HepG2 cells with an $IC_{50}$ value of $12.0{\mu}g/mL$, without affecting human normal liver cells, WRL-68 ($IC_{50}$ > $50{\mu}g/mL$) causing $G_0/G_1$ cell cycle arrest via apoptosis induction. Caspase colorimetric assays showed markedly increased levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities throughout the treatment period. Western blotting of treated HepG2 cells revealed inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ that triggers the mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway by up-regulating cytoplasmic cytochrome c and Bax, and down-regulating Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. The current findings suggest DTN has the potential to be developed further as an anticancer compound targeting human HCC.

Cardiac CT in Detecting a Dislodged Stent in Right Coronary Artery after Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Tariq Ashraf,Parveen Akhter,Abdul Samad Achakzai,Naveedullah Khan,Tahir Saghir,Syed Nadeem Hassan Rizvi,Kanwal Fatima Aamir 한국심초음파학회 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.27 No.1

EEDARS: An Energy-Efficient Dual-Sink Algorithm with Role Switching Mechanism for Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks

( Mohammadreza Eslaminejad ),( Shukor Abd Razak ),( Abdul Samad Haji Ismail ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.10

Energy conservation is a vital issue in wireless sensor networks. Recently, employing mobile sinks for data gathering become a pervasive trend to deal with this problem. The sink can follow stochastic or pre-defined paths; however the controlled mobility pattern nowadays is taken more into consideration. In this method, the sink moves across the network autonomously and changes its position based on the energy factors. Although the sink mobility would reduce nodes` energy consumption and enhance the network lifetime, the overhead caused by topological changes could waste unnecessary power through the sensor field. In this paper, we proposed EEDARS, an energy-efficient dual-sink algorithm with role switching mechanism which utilizes both static and mobile sinks. The static sink is engaged to avoid any periodic flooding for sink localization, while the mobile sink adaptively moves towards the event region for data collection. Furthermore, a role switching mechanism is applied to the protocol in order to send the nearest sink to the recent event area, hence shorten the path. This algorithm could be employed in event-driven and multi-hop scenarios. Analytical model and extensive simulation results for EEDARS demonstrate a significant improvement on the network metrics especially the lifetime, the load and the end-to-end delay.