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- 저자 : 李男德 (검색결과 26 건)
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濟州方言의 動詞 終結語尾 변화에 나타난 時相體系에 대하여
李男德 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1982 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.40 No.-
Through a morphological analysis of the verb stem-extenders appended between stem and terminal verb suffixes in the finite inflexion of the Cheju dialect, nine successive morpheme-connecting slots were identified. Of these, the second, third, and fourth slots are for aspect morphemes; the sixth, seventh, and eighth slots are for tense-related mood morphemes; the fifth and the ninth are for honorific morphemes which belong to the hierarchical relationship between the speaker and the hearer. In the aspect slots, the imperfect and the perfect aspect(both present perfect and past perfect) were revealed: In the tense-related mood slots, the definitive, the retrospective, the volitive, and the conjective were identified. Moreover through an examination of the links between the aspect slots and the tense-related mood slots, sixteen different Tense-Aspect inflexional forms were discovered. Though this research was confined to the synchronic investigation of the Cheju dialect, it sheds important light upon synchronic and diachronic research of the Korean language. This stems from the distinctive feature of the tense-aspect system of the Cheju dialect which shows a diversified and a highly regular inflexion system which is no longer exists in todays modern Korean language.
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李男德 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1967 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.11 No.-
This article deals with the Korean language in the 15th century on the synchronic point of view. The data are mainly collected from prose materials such as Sukpo Sangjul(釋譜詳節) with the main emphasis on their conversations. In this material the mood and the grammatical system of honorification between the speaker and the hearer can be fully studied. The procedures whereby I attempt to analyze the morphological structures of the predicative, the declarative and the interrogative are as follows: (1) morphological analysis of verbal expressions, (2) identification of morphemes by examining conditions on each various allomorph which takes place, (3) making the paradigms of verb-suffixes with regard to the symmetry between the declarative and the interrogative. The following conclusions would be drawn from the above procedures: (1) there are two types of verbal structures: A) simple declarative, /h∧- -n∧- -ta/. B) quasi-nominative declarative, /h∧- -n∧- -n -I- -la/. / h∧-/ -stem, 'do' /-n∧-/ - tense (present, successive) stem-extender /-ta, -la/ -- declarative final ending /-n-/ -- (a) adjective verbal suffix, or (b) gerundive verbal suffix /-i-/ -- (a) formal noun + zero morph of noun-verbalizer, or (b) noun-verbalizer (2) The honorific system of the speaker to the hearer can be generally classified into three ranks: high, medium and low. (3) The choice between two interrogative verb-suffixes, /-ko~-o/ and /-ka~-a/ depends upon the syntactical conditions. That is, when an interrogative word precedes a predicative, /-ko~-o/ occurs at the end of the sentence, whereas a sentence without an interrogative word takes/-ka~-a/ as its final ending.
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李男德 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1985 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.47 No.-
Contents 1. The arguments about the genetic relation ship of the Japanese language. 2. The background of difficulty in the comparison study between Korean and Japanese languages. 3. The hypothesis of Korean-Japanese cognate in the Altaic family. 4. The methodology of comparative linguistics and the problem about the semantical system of the vocabularies in the Korean-Japanese language 5. The conclusion. The arguments about the origin of the Japanese language have been going on for more than a century. Despite this long history not only have we not been able to establish any standard theory but the competing theories such as the Altaic theory, the Austronesian theory, and the Southern-Asian theory have only added more confusion to the already perplexing situation. Thus it calls for an entirely different look at this old problem. In this paper, recent theories on the origin of the Japanese language are reviewed and the main reasons for the incoherence in the discussion of the genetic relationship are pointed out. The prime reason for such incoherence results from the foregoing a serious comparison of the Japanese languages with that of the Korean which happens to be the closest language with an excuse that the two languages are not comparable because the vocabularies are not similar on the surface. This misunderstanding of incomparality seems to have originated from the inability on the part of Japanese scholars to distinguish the problem of the linguistic origin of the Japanese language which is best set in cultural context from the problem of the racial origin of the Japanese people which is best set in the physical context. Another cause for their misunderstanding can be traced to their superficial method of word-to-word comparison which understandable lowers our confidence in the outcome of such comparison. A methodology of comparison in historical linguistics is addressed in this paper. It proposes to compare groups of cognate words instead of the words themselves. By seeking out all the derivated words sharing the same root-word and then by forming a group from these derivatives in each language, we are able to carry out in-depth comparison of corresponding word-groups in the two languages and this undoubtedly enhances the quality of cognitive tracing. This methodology has all the more been boosted by the awareness that in Altaic languages there definitely exist the yin-yang(陰·陽) symmetrical semantic structure within vocabularies. When the comparison of the cognate word groups are made with this structural criterion in mind the result has been successful. As a specific example R.A. Miller's (the author of the origins of the Japanese language) theory of -k- special declension in middle Korean has been critically reviewed and recast in this new view point. Finally a hypothesis on the genetic theory of the Japanese and Korean languages is offered. It claims that the two languages are in the closest genetic relationship in the Altaic group and glottochronolohical computation shows that they were separated from the Korean-Japanese common parent language around 6,5000 years ago and this parent language is itself was separated from the Tungus language around 7000 years ago.
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