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      • KCI등재

        동죽 (Mactra veneriformis REEVE)의 산소소비에 관한 연구

        이정열,LEE Jeong-Yeol 한국수산과학회 1996 한국수산과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

        자연환경 아래에서 동죽의 산소소비 경향을 파악하기 위하여 1994년 1월부터 12월까지 매월 군산연안 간석지에서 채집한 동죽을 대상으로 산소소비량을 측정하였다. 동죽은 각장 2cm 그룹(1세군)과 각장 3cm 그룹 (2세군)으로 나누어 실험하였다. 온도와 염분에 따른 각장 그룹별 산소소비경향을 보면 각장 2cm 그룹과 3cm 그룹 모두 온도와 염분이 낮을수록 산소소비량은 감소하는데 온도에 따른 감소 경향보다는 염분 저하에 따른 감소 경향이 더 크게 나타났다. 그리고 각장 3cm 그룹에서의 감소율이 각장 2cm 그룹에서 보다 더 크게 나타났다. 한편, 계절에 따른 동죽의 산소소비경향은 간석지 온도에 따라 변화하는데 동절기인 2월에는 $0.5\;O_2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ 미만의 낮은 산소소비량을 보이지만 하절기인 $7\~8$월에는 $1.93\~2.44\;O_2mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$의 높은 산소소비량을 나타내었다. 각장에 따른 산소소비경향은 각장 2cm 그룹이 3cm 그룹에 비하여 높은 산소소비량을 나타내었으며, 두 그룹간의 산소소비량 차이는 온도가 높은 하절기에 더욱 크게 나타났다. 계절 온도에 따른 산소소비의 경향을 회귀직선식으로 표시하면 각장 2cm 그룹의 경우는 $Y=e^{-1.6312+0.0879X}(r^2=0.9466)$, 각장 3cm 그룹의 경우는 $Y=e^{-2.2366+0.0994x}(r^2=0.9305)$로 각각 표시되었으며, 두 그룹간 기울기에 유의의 차가 없어 계절에 따른 산소소비 경향은 두 그룹간에 차이가 없었다. Seasonal of gen consumption of surfclam, Mactra veneriformis in Kunsan coastal area had been measured under seasonal ambient temperature condition from January to December 1994. Samples were collected monthly and divided into two groups by shell length of 2 cm (1 year class) and 3 cm (2 year class). The effects of temperature $(15,\;20\;and\;25^{\circ}C)$ and salinity $(10,\;20\;and\;30\%_{\circ})$ showed that oxygen consumption decreased with the lower temperature and salinity. Seasonal changes of oxygen consumption in surfclam varied with ambient temperature; it was showed below $0.5mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ winter season and $1.93\~2.44\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}{\cdot}h^{-1}$ in summer season. The difference of oxygen consumption in two groups was appeared markdly in summer season. The relationship between oxygen consumption and the seasonal ambient temperature were obtained exponential equation as $Y=e^{-1.6312+0.0879X}$ for 2 cm group and $Y=e^{-2.2366+0.0994X}$ for 3 cm group. The slop of regression line between two groups was not significant, and so there was no difference in patterns of the oxygen consumption between two groups.

      • KCI등재

        Intensification of Affirmativity: Definitely as a Discourse Marker in Spoken Conversation

        이정열 대한언어학회 2019 언어학 Vol.27 No.1

        From a pragmatic-analytic perspective, this study examines how definitely as a discourse marker (DM) functions in spoken conversation. Three corpora, namely the British National Corpus (BNC), the Michigan Corpus of Academic Spoken English (MICASE), and the Santa Barbara Corpus of Spoken American English (SBC) are used to investigate the multifarious pragmatic functions of definitely between interlocutors. It is practicable to use definitely as a DM in pre-front field and it frequently occurs in everyday language use. In light of the three corpora with respect to the DM definitely introduced in this study, there may be divergent types of definitely that occur in spoken conversation. Based on my dataset, definitely exhibits four types of pre-front use. For instance, definitely appears by itself and it also occurs with specific discourse particles such as oh, yeah, and yes and with negators such as no and not. Lastly, its repetitive pre-front use is also found. The analysis from a pragmatic perspective in regard to definitely as a DM proposes that definitely can play a great variety of pragmatic functions such as those of acting as a pre-closing device, or devices to express and solicit approval, consensus, eagerness, stimulation, gratification, floor-holding, topic-shift, intimacy, and bridging between interlocutors in spoken conversation. From perspectives of semantic and pragmatic analysis, definitely has an affirmative semantic connotation and it could strongly serve as an affirmative conversational response device.

      • 규불화염계 혼화제의 유효농도가 시멘트 모르타르의 수밀성 및 수화온도에 미치는 영향

        이정열,김재온,남재현,박용순,이병기,김도수,한승구 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1(구조계)

        In this study, effects of fluosilicate salt(MSiF_(6), M : Zn, Mg) based chemical admixture, prepared using fluosilicic acid(H₂SiF_(6)) produced as industrial waste in dometic, on the watertightness and hydration temperature of cement mortar were evaluated. As a factor, effective concentration(1~10%) of fluosilicate salt was selected and applied 1% based on cement weight to cement mortar respectively. Among these concentration, addition of fluosilicate salts in the range 4~8% improved watertightness and hardened properties of cement mortar. Moreover it confirmed newly odd phenomenon that hydration temperature of cement mortar added equivalent concentration lowered than non-added specimen in spite of improving in the compressive strength.

      • 황처리된 GaAs표면의 Photoreflectance에 관한 연구

        이정열,김인수,배인호,김말문,김규호 한국전기전자재료학회 1995 電氣電子材料學會誌 Vol.8 No.4

        The surface of GaAs was treated by using the 0.1M solution of N $a_{2}$S.9 $H_{2}$O. The passivation of the surface in this sample was investigated by the photoreflectance(PR) experiment. The surface electric field( $E_{s}$) and built-in voltage( $V_{bi}$ ) discussed from Franz-Keldysh oscillation of PR signals. The density of surface states and Fermi level of GaAs treated with N $a_{2}$S.9 $H_{2}$O for 40min were determined 1.61*10$^{12}$ c $m^{-2}$ and 0.73eV. These values were about 15 and 10% smaller than those in untreated sample.e.

      • KCI등재

        Anyway as an Unassociative Stance Marker in the American Television Talk Show, Larry King Live

        이정열 대한언어학회 2019 언어학 Vol.27 No.4

        The aim of this study is to investigate the idea that the pragmatic marker Pragmatic markers (PMs) are “a class of short, recurrent linguistic items that generally have little lexical import but serve significant pragmatic functions in conversation” (Andersen 2001: 39). Following Aijmer & Simon-Vandenbergen (2009), the four primary properties below can be utilized to ascertain PMs: (ⅰ) PMs do not have an effect on the truth conditions of an utterance (ⅱ) The propositional content of an utterance is not included in PMs (ⅲ) PMs are relevant to the speech context or circumstance rather than to the circumstance under argument (ⅳ) PMs are related to expressive and emotive rather than cognitive, denotative, or referential. Thus, PMs are adjustable and discourse-organizational components with a great deal of heterogeneous roles. (henceforth PM) anyway is oriented to attributes of spoken language and reciprocal actions, paying special attention to how its use is embedded in the circumstance of the turn-sequences through which the host and his guests exhibit exceptional orientations in the American television talk show (henceforth ATTS) Larry King Live. Throughout the analysis in regard to the sequences of chaining of the PM anyway, it was found that the use of anyway exhibits multifunctionalities, which for both host and guests were found in the roles of the unassociative stance marker. This marker ordinarily has the multifunctional discursive functions to cease, concede, resume, digress, append, intensify, renounce, terminate, and dissent from a topic in a stalemate. In terms of the issue of imbalance in the use of anyway, the tokens of anyway were largely found in the utterances of the guests, rather than those of the host. It may be speculated that the equilibrium of power in the ATTS tends to be slanted toward the guests. The multifunctionalities of anyway between the participants connote unassociative stances in their correlations since they may utilize anyway to signal that they do not intend to continue to utter, take, or hold the floor any longer with respect to disturbing or avoidant circumstances.

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