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단체협약의 규범적 부분과 채무적 부분의 구별 법리의 재검토
김기덕(金起德) 서울대학교 노동법연구회 2007 노동법연구 Vol.0 No.22
The existing theories and leading cases have discriminated between the normative parties and the obligative parties for the collective agreement, and they have insisted on the existence of the difference between the normative parties and the obligative parties in the legal effect. The Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act(TULRAA §33) defines as following. Part of rules of employment or contract of employment which violate standards concerning working conditions and other treatment of workers specified in collective agreement shall be null and void(TULRAA §33①). Matters which are not stipulated by contract of employment, and what has been invalidated by paragraph ① shall be governed by terms and conditions of collective agreement(TULRAA §33②). The normative parties have been regally recognized by this Article. Namely, this Article have been asserted as the legal basis of the normative parties. In this Article, it is asserted that “standards concerning working conditions and other treatment of workers specified in collective agreement” are the normative parties. But articles of the collective agreement could not be discriminated between the normative parties and the obligative parties for the collective agreement. Articles of the collective agreement that the existing theories and leading cases have asserted as the obligative parties are including “standards concerning working conditions and other treatment of workers” in TULRAA §33. And TULRAA doesn’t define the collective agreement as Norm(or Regulation). And the normative parties and the obligative parties can exist together in an article of the collective agreement. So the theory of law about the discrimination between the normative parties and the obligative parties for the collective agreement must be reviewed. In conclusion, I think that the effect in TULRAA §33 is named not as the normative effect, but as the effect of TULRAA §33①, ②.
구강내에서 재광화용액 "R"의 법랑질 초기 우식병소에 대한 재광화의 정량적 평가
김명은,정일영,금기연,이찬영,노병덕 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.2
Dental caries is a chronic disease that causes the destruction of tooth structure by the interaction of plaque bacteria, food debris, and saliva. There has been attempts to induce remineralization by supersaturating the intra-oral environment around the surface enamel, where there is incipient caries. In this study, supersaturated remineralized solution "R" was applied to specimens with incipient enamel caries, and the quantitative ananlysis of remineralization was evaluated using microradiography. Thirty subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Removable appliances were constructed for the subjects. and the enamel specimen with incipient caries were embedded in the appliances. The subjects wore the intra-oral appliance for 15 days except while eating and sleeping. The removable appliance were soaked in supersaturated solution "R", saline, or Senstime® to expose the specimen to those solutions three times a day, 5 minutes each time. After 15 days, microradiography was retaken to compare and evaluate remineralization. The results were as the following: 1. The ratio of remineralized area to demineralized area was significantly higher in the supersaturated solution "R" and Senstime® than in the saline (p<0.05) 2. Remineralization in the supersaturated buffer solution "R" occurred in the significantly deeper parts of the tooth, compared to the Senstime® group containing high concentration of fluoride.(p<0.05) As in the above results, the remineralization effect of remineralized buffer solution "R" on incipient enamel caries has been proven. For clinical utilization, further studies on soft tissue reaction and the effect on dentin and cementum are necessary. In conclusion compared to commercially available fluoride solution, remineralization solution "R" showed better remineralization effect on early enamel caries lesion. so it is considered as effecient solution for clinical application
pH순환 모델에서 과포화 용액의 초기 우식 법랑질에 대한 재광화 효과
홍석진,김소라,이찬영,노병덕,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2001 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.26 No.4
Dental caries is the most common oral disease. There are many factors contributing to its development. but complete understanding and prevention are not fully know. However, it is possible to remineralize the early enamel carious lesion by fluoride containing remineralization solution. Recently the pH-cycling model has been used to examine the effect of fluoride solution on remineralization of artificial caries in vitro as it can closely simulate the conditions encountered in vivo within a carefully controlled enviroment.