임베디드 보드에서 차량 감지 및 추적을 위한 딥러닝 모델 최적화

황연우,조성원 한국지능시스템학회 2022 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.32 No.2

This paper proposes a deep learning model to detect and track the vehicle on an embedded device. Since deep learning has achieved high accuracy over the classical image processing method, object detectors can detect vehicles in the street and highway. It can be normal to run the computer detection program with graphic processor unit (GPU) support, but it is challenging to run it on the embedded board with no GPU support and low central processing unit (CPU) performance. This paper focuses on balancing edge-computing-based deep learning object detection's accuracy and performance using additional techniques such as quantization, edge TPU. SSDLite with MobileNet backbone is chosen due to its lighter than other networks but still obtain good performance compare with Yolo. The model was learned with DeepSORT using SSDMobileNetV2 as an object detector so that the vehicle could be tracked. This paper evaluates the performance of deep learning model to detect and track the vehicle through the developed board using H6 CPU. 본 논문은 임베디드 보드에서 차량을 감지하고 추적하기 위한 딥러닝 모델을 제안한다. 딥러닝이 기존 이미지 처리 방법에서 높은 정확도를 보여주고 있기 때문에 기존 객체 검출기로 거리나 교량에서 차량을 감지할 수 있다. 그러나, 범용 PC를 사용하는 경우 GPU를 사용하여 프로그램을 실시간으로 동작하는 것이 가능하지만, 임베디드 보드에서는 GPU를 사용하기 어렵고 낮은 성능의 CPU를 사용하므로 프로그램의 실시간 처리가 불가능하다. 본 논문에서는 양자화, edge TPU와 같은 방법을 이용해서 에지 컴퓨팅 기반 딥러닝을 이용한 객체 감지의 정확도와 성능 향상을 시도하였다. Yolo와 같은 다른 네트워크보다 MobileNet을기반한 SSDLite가 빠른 추론시간과 높은 정확도를 보여줘 선정했다. SSDMobileNetV2를 객체 감지기로 사용한 DeepSORT로 모델을 학습하여 차량을 추적할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서는 H6 CPU를 이용하여 자체 제작한 보드를 통해 차량 감지 및 추적을 위한 딥러닝모델의 성능을 확인하였다

교사의 직무만족도에 관한 메타분석

황연우 교육종합연구원 2016 교육종합연구 Vol.14 No.1

본 연구는 교사의 직무만족 제고의 효과성을 파악하기 위해 2000년부터 2015년까지 출판된 교사 직무만족과 관련된 국내 석·박사학위논문, 학술지 논문 248편을 메타분석을 적용하여 종합·분석하였다. 그 결과 교사 직무만족 정적·부적변인으로 인적측면, 정책측면, 조직측면, 교사측면이 유목화 되었고, 조절변인으로 학교급과 출판년도를 설정하였다. 분석결과 교사 직무만족과 전체 정적변인의 효과크기는 .495였고, 전체 부적변인의 효과크기는 -.202였다. 정적변인은 정책측면, 인적측면, 교직측면, 교사측면 순의 효과크기를 보였고, 부적변인은 교사측면, 조직측면, 인적측면 순의 효과크기였다. 중등교사가 정적·부적변인 모두 초등교사보다 높은 효과크기를 보였고, 정적변인의 인적·교사측면, 부적변인의 인적측면과 직무만족이 초등교사에 비해 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 또한 출판년도에 따라 효과크기가 커진 것은 조직측면의 조직몰입, 교사측면의 교사 효능감이었고, 조직측면의 공동체문화는 점차 효과크기가 작아졌다. 이외 본 연구결과와 선행메타분석 연구결과의 논의를 통해 교사의 직무만족 제고를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

중학교 자유학기제 효과성 분석 연구

황연우,유평수 교육종합연구원 2020 교육종합연구 Vol.18 No.3

This study identified the difference in the effect of free learning semester on career maturity by grade to analyze the effectiveness of free learning semester in middle school. The analysis targets 417 students in the first, second and third grades of nine middle schools in Jeonbuk Province. According to the analysis, the satisfaction level of free learning semester was above average, and career maturity level was high. Looking at the differences by grade, the satisfaction level of free learning semester was statistically significantly higher in the first and second grades than in the third grades. Also, career maturity was in the order of second grade, first grade, and third grade, and especially second grade was statistically significantly higher than third grade. For each grade, the correlation between satisfaction with free learning semester and career proficiency was high in the first grade (r= 6.6 or higher), while the third grade (r=.3 to 4) showed a low static correlation. However, the second grade had no correlation. The effect of the satisfaction of free learning semester on the components of career maturity by grade on the basis of the satisfaction of free learning semester for the first and third graders affected all the components of career maturity. Satisfaction with free learning semester of the first grade showed 30 to 40 percent of the explanation on the components of career maturity. However, the third-year student had only about 10 percent of the explanation. Satisfaction with free learning semester did not affect career maturity in second grade. Proposals based on the findings are as follows. First, the school year-by-year approach should be applied to middle school career education that covers free learning semester. Second, it is necessary to explore various variables and school conditions to enhance the effectiveness of free learning semester.

고교학점제 실행을 위한 환경과 기대효과 탐색

황연우,유평수 교육종합연구원 2021 교육종합연구 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study is to propose a policy implementation plan by exploring the environment and expected effects for implementing the high school credit system. For this purpose, data were collected from 93 general high school teachers and 31 career teachers in Jeonju, Jeonbuk-do Province on the high school credit system environment and expected effects, and the results were analyzed using the SPSS 24.0 program. As a result of the analysis, the level of awareness of the implementation environment and expected effects of the high school credit system was less than 4.0, and for career teachers, 3.96 to 3.75, and for general teachers, 3.65 to 3.14. Awareness level was lowered in the order of understanding of policy content, acceptance attitude, will and conditions for implementation, and expected effect. Also, the level of awareness of the high school credit system implementation environment and expected effects was higher among the head teachers, career counseling majors, and teachers with double majors. As a way to raise awareness and implement the high school credit system, consulting supervision were provided in cooperation with schools and the Office of Education Support, and it was proposed to strengthen the competency of teachers in charge of careers and expand human resources.

학교폭력 담당교사의 업무스트레스가 심리적 소진에 미치는 영향

황연우 교육종합연구원 2022 교육종합연구 Vol.20 No.4

This study was conducted to present policy proposals for improving school violence work according to the analysis results as a quantitative study exploring the effect of school violence teachers’ work stress on psychological burnout. The subjects of the study were 125 teachers in charge of school violence who had experience in handling cases at elementary, middle, and high schools in A city, Jeonbuk Province, according to the purposive sampling. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 28. As a result of the analysis, the stress of school violence was high in the difficulty of teacher role, difficulty of case investigation, difficulty of daily life, and the difficulty of consensus arbitration was moderate, conflicts with homeroom teachers and parents, conflicts with managers were low. Psychological burnout was at a moderate level of emotional exaustion, and depersonalization and a decrease in lack of personal accomplishment were low level. Difficulties in daily life of school violence work stress affected emotional exaustion and depersonalization, and conflicts with managers increased lack of personal accomplishment, but conflicts with homeroom teachers and parents reduced lack of personal accomplishment. Policy alternatives based on the results of the study are as follows. First, support for the organization of external experts to conduct case investigations and teacher roles, work sharing of internal dedicated organizations, and manpower and budget support should be provided. Second, it is necessary to support the operation of school violence task team, stress relief of teacher healing center, and conflict management strategy to solve the difficulties of daily life of school violence teachers. Third, it is necessary to support managers to have effective leadership in preventing school violence and handling issues.

임베디드 환경에서 SSD MobileNet V2 및 Deep SORT 기반 객체 추적을 이용한 피플 카운터

황연우,기재원,Nguyen Quoc Toan,To Xuan Dung,Nhu Van Lang,Nguyen Minh Nguyen,이기성 한국지능시스템학회 2023 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.33 No.4

Recently, several studies have been attempted to prevent infectious diseases due tothe pandemic. Statistical data on how many people come and go in an enclosedspace is a very important measure of the prevention of infectious diseases. Therefore, the demand for People Counter using People Counting, a technology thatcounts the floating population in a specific space, has increased significantly. Thepurpose of this paper is to develop a people counter that can operate in real timeeven on embedded devices with a object tracking model using deep learning. Theobject tracking model combined the object detection model with the Deep SORTobject tracking algorithm, and the detection model used a lightweight SSDMobileNet V2 suitable for embedded environments due to its high computationalspeed. The developed people counter tracked and counted objects around theentrance in an enclosed space, and confirmed that real-time operation was possible. 최근 팬데믹(Pandemic)으로 인하여 감염병 예방을 위하여 여러 연구가 시도되고 있다. 밀폐된 공간에 얼마나 많은 인원이 오고 가는 지에 대한 통계적 데이터는 감염병 예방을 위한매우 중요한 척도이다. 이에 따라 특정한 공간에서 유동인구를 세는 기술인 피플 카운팅(People Counting)을 이용한 피플 카운터(People Counter)의 수요가 매우 늘게 되었다. 본논문에서는 딥러닝을 이용한 객체 추적 모델로 임베디드 기기에서도 실시간으로 작동 가능한 피플 카운터 개발을 연구 목적으로 한다. 객체 추적 모델은 객체 감지 모델과 DeepSORT 객체 추적 알고리즘을 결합하였고, 감지 모델로 계산 속도가 빨라 임베디드 환경에적합한 경량화된 SSD MobileNet V2를 사용하였다. 개발된 피플 카운터는 밀폐된 공간에서출입구 주변 객체를 추적하며 카운팅하고, 실시간 동작이 가능함을 확인하였다.

중등교사의 학교장지도성, 교사변인, 조직변인과 직무만족도에 관한 메타분석

황연우,유평수 교육종합연구원 2013 교육종합연구 Vol.11 No.4

This research’s main purpose is for political proposals about improving secondary schoolteachers’ job satisfaction through gathering studies about teachers’ job satisfaction and examiningrelationships between job satisfaction and its factors and investigating effect size of each factoron job satisfaction. For achieving objectives, this research selected components of job satisfaction by utilizing avariety of databases and analyzing doctoral theses and domestic scientific journals about studyingrelationship between job satisfaction and its associate variables from January 2000 to February2013. And this research classified that variables based on the selected components. This researchincludes more than two the instances of effect size and refers to finally selected 60 theses and590 instances of effect size. Associate variables are comprised of leadership of principals(transformational leadership,transactional leadership, unity-oriented leadership, goal-oriented leadership, bureaucracy-orientedleadership), variables of teachers(decision making, self-leadership, teacher self-efficacy, and thecharacteristic of the teaching profession). The effect size of job satisfaction and teacher variable is .335, leadership of principals is .342,and organization variable is .246. The effect size of job satisfaction and principal leadership’ssubordinate variables is positive emotional leadership(.505), unity-oriented leadership(.371),goal-oriented leadership(.346), and transformational readership(.311) and these results are morethan middle effect size. And the effect size of teachers’ subordinate variables is in the order ofdecision making(.394), characteristics of schools(.296), self-leadership(.295), and teacherself-efficacy(.217) and all of these exceeds moderate effect size. The effect size of organizationvaluables, divided into positive and negative variables, shows few association with jobsatisfaction. The positive effect size of organization valuables exceeds large effect size, in theorder of characteristics of schools(.469), professional types of organization(.440), and immersionof group(.416) Continuously, characteristics of schools(.379), professional atmosphere ofgroups(.316), and devotional action of teachers(.255) are closely related with moderate effectsize.

차량감지 및 추적을 위한 임베디드 딥러닝 모델에 관한 연구

황연우,Ngo Luong Thanh Tra,Do Chi Thanh,이기성,조성원 한국지능정보시스템학회 2021 한국지능정보시스템학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.12

학교폭력 예방과 대처를 위한 교사의 교육적 개입 경험에 관한 질적연구

황연우,유평수 한국지방교육경영학회 2024 지방교육경영 Vol.27 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 학교폭력에 대한 교사의 교육적 개입 경험을 탐색하고 이를 방해하는 요인을 규정하여 학교의 교육적 기능 회복을 위해 의미 있는 교육적 활동과 정책적 개선 방안을 제언하고자 했다. 이를 위해 중학교 학교폭력 담당 교사 10인을 심층 면담하여 그 자료를 CQR의 영역코딩, 핵심 개념 구성, 교차분석 단계로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 교육적 개입의 의미, 예방·대처·사후관리 측면에서 교육적 개입과 방해 요인, 학교장 자체 해결 제도의 교육적 효과 총 9개 영역, 49개 범주가 도출되었다. 학교폭력에 대한 교육적 개입은 피 가해 학생 보호 및 선도 활동, 생활지도 활동에 의미를 두었다. 예방을 위해서는 예방교육과 학생 간 갈등 해소 활동이 주로 나타났고, 방해 요인은 학교 여건이 미흡한 것이었다. 대처를 위해서는 피가해 학생의 갈등 해소와 화해를 위한 상담, 학부모 면담이 주로 나타났으며, 방해 요인은 학부모의 감정적인 대응과 학생 회복에 대한 무관심이었다. 사후관리를 위해서는 가해 학생의 선도와 재발 방지를 위한 활동, 피가해 학생 관계 회복과 재발 방지 활동이 주로 나타났고, 학부모의 반대가 방해 요인이었다. 학교장 자체 해결 제도는 재발 방지 효과가 없으며 교육적이지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과에 따라 교육적 대응이 가능한 학교 여건 조성, 학교 구성원의 역할 강화, 학교의 피해 학생 보호와 교육적 권한에 대한 제도적 개선 등을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of teachers' educational intervention in school violence and to define the factors that hinder it, and to propose meaningful educational activities and policy improvement measures to restore the educational function of the school. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 middle school teachers in charge of school violence, and the data was analyzed through CQR's domain coding, core concept construction, and cross-analysis stages. As a result of the analysis, in terms of the meaning of educational intervention, prevention, coping, and follow-up management, a total of 9 areas and 49 categories of educational effects of the principal's own solution system were derived. Educational intervention in school violence has a meaning in the protection of students, leading activities, and life guidance activities. For prevention, preventive education and conflict resolution activities between students were mainly shown, and the disturbing factor was insufficient school conditions. In order to deal with the problem, counseling and parent meetings were mainly used to resolve conflicts and reconcile with the offended student, and the disturbing factors were the parents' emotional response and indifference to the student's recovery. For the follow-up management, the activities to prevent the leading and recurrence of the offending students, the restoration of the relationship with the offending students and the prevention of the recurrence were mainly shown, and the opposition of the parents was the obstacle. The school principal 's self - resolution system has no effect on preventing recurrence and is not educational. According to the results of the study, it suggested the establishment of school conditions that can respond educationally, the strengthening of the role of school members, the protection of victims of schools, and the institutional improvement of educational authority.

[발표 ③] 중등교사의 직무만족도에 관한 메타분석

황연우 한국교육행정학회 2014 한국교육행정학회 학술연구발표회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10