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황동규,김동엽,Hwang, Dong Kyu,Kim, Dong Yeob 응용생태공학회 2016 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.3 No.4
수목의 활력도는 다양한 방법으로 측정한다. 수목의 형성층 전기저항은 전기생리학적 진단 방법을 이용하여 수목의 활력도를 간접적으로 나타낸다. 본 연구는 Shigometer를 이용하여 몇 가지 수목의 활력도를 측정하고 수종 간 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 그리고 개엽 시기, 방위, 수피 온도 등 전기저항 값에 영향을 주는 요인들을 파악하고자 하였다. 측정용 탐침의 길이를 일정하게 유지하여 측정오차를 최소화하였다. 대상 수종은 성균관대학교 자연과학캠퍼스에 있는 30-40년생 느티나무, 은행나무, 메타세쿼이아, 잣나무 및 튜울립나무로 하였고 각 종당 3개체를 선정하였다. 측정 시기는 2011년 3월부터 5월까지, 지면으로부터 60 cm와 흉고높이인 1.2 m에서 동서남북 4개 방위 별로 전기저항 값을 측정하였다. 수목 부근의 토양환경과 식물의 스트레스 반응을 함께 측정하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 전기저항과 영향 요인과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 개엽 시기 이전인 3월 중순까지는 대체적으로 전기저항 값이 높았으나 4월부터 점차 낮아지기 시작하여 5월 11일에는 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 전기저항 값의 시기별 변화는 토양수분, 토양전도도, 토양온도, 수목의 스트레스 반응과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 잣나무의 경우 겨울에도 잎이 떨어지지 않아 측정 기간 동안 전기저항 값의 변화는 크기 않았다. 느티나무, 은행나무 및 메타세쿼이아는 남쪽 방향의 수피 온도가 다른 방위에 비하여 높았으며 전기저항 값은 가장 낮았다. Shigometer는 수목의 활력도를 현장에서 간단하게 측정함으로써 수목 관리에 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. There are various methods to evaluate tree vigor. Cambial electrical resistance represents tree vigor using the method of electrophysiological diagnosis. This study investigated the vigor of several tree species using Shigometer, and compared the differences among the species. The factors, such as foliation, trunk orientation and bark temperature, which affect electrical resistance were also investigated. The needle penetration into cambium was controlled to keep the depth consistent in order to minimize measurement error. Each of three trees were selected from Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Pinus koraiensis, and Liriodendron tulipifera. The electrical resistances were measured at 60 and 120 cm height of the stem in 4 directions from March until May 2011. The soil conditions in surrounding areas and tree stress responses were also measured. The results were analyzed for the relationship between electrical resistance and the affecting factors. The electrical resistance showed a relatively higher level before foliation until mid-March. The values started to decline from April and recorded a minimal level on May 11. The changes of soil moisture, soil electric conductivity, and tree stress responses during the measurement period showed a similar trend to that of electrical resistance. The Pinus koraiensis, an evergreen conifer, showed few changes on the electrical resistance values during the measurement period. Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, and Metasequoia glyptostroboides showed the highest bark temperatures and lowest electrical resistances at their south-facing stem. Shigometer can provide measures simple to assess tree vigor in the fields, and to the management of trees.
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線的인 진전 : 예이츠의 後期時* : 「비잔티움 항해」를 중심으로 Yeates' later poetry
黃東奎 서울大學校 人文學硏究所 1982 人文論叢 Vol.8 No.-
. "Sailing to Byzantium" has long been interpreted as a quest for a resting place in the "artifice of eternity". As an " artifice of eternity for soul" piece, however, it occupies an uncomfortable place among Yeats's later poems. "Among School Children" (which preceded it) and "A Dialogue of Self and Soul" (which follows it), for instance, are the poems of the "self", and their key motif is "Labour is blossoming or dancing where/The body is not bruised to pleasure soul" (Among School Children). Close reading reveals that the word "soul" takes two distinct meanings in those poems. The most illuminating example shows itself in "A Dialogue of Self and Soul" when Self, after Soul's exit, speaks in monologue that he will gladly endure again the agony that he should suffer "if he woos/A proud woman not kindred of his soul" (my italics). Here Yeats (or the speaker) uses the word "soul" not as a spiritual entity but as the essence of the self. In "Sailing to Byzantium" the "soul" unawares changes itself into "I". Till the end of the penultimate stanza much attention has been given to the soul, which demands the subject of the last stanza to be "my soul", instead of "I". But the stanza begins: Once out of nature I shall never take My bodily form from any natural thing... The change of the soul to "I" in the poem symbolically heralds the later Yeats whose main concern is "I", not the soul. Seen in this perspective, the progress of Yeats in his later poetry is not dialectic (as some critics assert) but linear, and "Sailing to Byzantium" occupies the center comfortably among the poems of The Tower and The Winding Stair and Other Poems.
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한방 복합치료로 호전된 경추성 현훈 환자의 증례보고 1례
황동규,김은지,최기훈,허승진,윤덕원,Hwang, Dong-gyu,Kim, Eun-ji,Choi, Ki-hoon,Heo, Seung-jin,Youn, Deok-won 대한한방내과학회 2017 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.38 No.3
Objective: To report the case of a patient suffering from cervical vertigo who was treated with a combination of Korean medicine treatments (including acupuncture, pharmaco-acupuncture, and Chuna manual therapy). Method: An outpatient with cervical vertigo was given a combination of Korean medicine treatments five times, from December 5 to 16, 2016. All of the treatments, acupuncture with electric stimulation and pharmaco-acupuncture, were applied on the trigger points (TP) of the cervical muscles and the upper trapezoid muscles. Chuna manual therapy was then applied on the cervical area. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) - according to outpatient's statement on vertigo, neck pain and headache - and the Korean Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), which is a self-evaluating scale of dizziness in daily life, were used to evaluate the effects of this treatment. Results: At the end of the treatment, the vertigo and the headache disappeared. The NRS decreased from 9 to 0 for vertigo and from 5 to 0 for headache. Although the neck pain also decreased, it did not disappear; this NRS decreased from 7 to 1. The DHI score also decreased significantly, from 64 to 4. Conclusion: Since the symptoms of the patient with cervical vertigo improved after the very first treatment and the improvement of the symptoms was observed as the treatment progressed, this case report is worth supporting the efficacy of combined Korean medical treatments. However, because there was only one subject, it is hard to say that this efficacy can be generalized. Moreover, this report cannot prove the individual efficacy since various treatments were combined. While there are many researches related to cervical vertigo in Western medicine, the studies in Korean medicine are comparably insufficient; therefore, follow-up research on more subjects is needed.
ScienceON
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