소면적 작물 농약 직권 등록

홍수명 ( Su Myeong Hong ) 한국환경농학회 2018 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2018 No.-

국민들에게 안전한 농산물을 공급하고 농업인들에게는 적합한 농약사용을 제공하기 위하여 1998년부터 농촌진흥청이 시행해온 소면적 작물용 농약직권등록사업은 2017년까지 314 농약을 등록하여 1,223 병해충 방제에 농업인들이 사용할 수 있게 하였다. 소면적 작물 농약직권등록사업은 2012년 이전, 2013~2017년 그리고 2018년 사업 이후 등 3단계의 사업단계로 구분되어질 수 있고 2019년 본격적으로 시행되는 농약허용목록 관리제도(PLS)에 대비하여 그 중대성은 더욱 강조되었다. 농업인들이 소득증대를 위하여 도입하여 재배하는 소면적 작물은 도입재배단계에서 2~3년 후에 해당 작물에 병해충이 발생하여 농약 등록이 요구되어지고 농촌진흥청에서 미등록 농약의 사용을 위한 등록시험이 2~3년 경과 후 등록이 되므로, 현장에서 사용할 수 있는 다양한 농약의 필요성을 기존의 1 작물시험후 1작물 등록방법으로는 필요한 농약수요 등록을 충족하기가 어렵기 때문에 농촌진흥청에서는 작물그룹 등록 제도를 2017년에 도입하여 1작물 시험결과를 여러작물에 등록할 수 있는 그룹 등록을 2018년부터 적용하고 이를 직권등록시험에 적용 중이다. 2018년 127억의 예산으로 약효 · 약해 28세부 248 시험을 진행 중이며 작물 잔류성 시험은 41세부 949시험을 진행중이다. 2019년 이후에는 등록농약이 적은 작물의 단계적 등록을 추진하기 위하여 210작물 20,761건의 농약 수요를 조사하여 추진 할 예정이다.

국내생산 주곡작물의 Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans와 Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls 잔류량 및 섭취노출량 평가

최근형,최달순,홍수명,권오경,은희수,김정한,김진효,Choi, Geun-Hyoung,Choi, Dal-Soon,Hong, Su-Myeong,Kwon, Oh-Kyoung,Eun, Hee Soo,Kim, Jung Han,Kim, Jin Hyo 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.55 No.4

PCDD/Fs 및 DL-PCBs는 농식품 잔류 유해물질 중 높은 생물독성 및 생물농축성으로 안전성 우려가 높아 많은 연구자들이 관심을 갖는 유해물질들이다. 하지만, 대부분의 오염조사연구는 지방함유량이 높은 육류 및 수산물을 중심으로 이루어지고 있어, 다소비 농산물인 곡류를 대상으로 한 다이옥신 잔류분석 연구결과가 부족하여 식이섭취를 통한 다이옥신류 노출평가를 수행하는데 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 17종의 PCDD/Fs 및 14종의 DL-PCBs에 대하여 2010년산 쌀과 2011년산 보리에 대한 잔류 분석 및 이를 통한 한국인의 일일 섭취노출량을 조사하였다. 전국 8개 도에서 채취한 36점의 백미시료와 전남 및 전북에서 채취한 7점의 보리시료에 대한 잔류분석결과 백미 중 다이옥신류의 각 도별 평균 잔류량은 2.98-4.98 pg/g w.w.이었으며, 보리의 다이옥신류 평균 잔류량은 3.00-3.24 pg/g w.w.로 확인되었다. 쌀과 보리를 통한 국민 1인당 다이옥신 섭취노출량은 1.03 pg-TEQ/day/person와 0.0534 pg-TEQ/day/person 수준이었고, 이를 한국인 평균체중 55 kg을 기준으로 환산할 경우 Lower bound 시나리오의 경우 TDI대비 0.46와 0.03%였으며, Upper bound 시나리오의 경우 5.5와 0.18%로 국내산 쌀과 보리를 통한 다이옥신류 노출기여도는 미미한 것으로 판단된다. Dioxin contamination on agroproducts is one of the most important issue in food safety. Herein, we measured concentration of 17 dioxins polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and 14 dioxin like-polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in the main grain (rice and barley) that were produced in Korea. The 36 rice samples were collected from rice processing complex at eight provinces, and the average concentrations of each province were ranged from 2.98 pg/g wet weight (w.w) to 4.98 pg/g w.w. as total PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs. The seven barley samples were collected from Jeon-nam and Jeon-buk provinces, and their average total concentrations of PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs were 3.00 pg/g w.w. and 3.24 pg/g w.w. respectively. The residual amounts and toxic equivalent (TEQ) of DL-PCBs in rice and barley were higher than PCDD/Fs. The average total TEQ of rice and barley were 0.0056 pg-TEQ/g and 0.0092 pg-TEQ/g on lower bound estimation respectively. Estimated daily intake of dioxins from rice and barley were calculated 1.03 pg-TEQ/day/person and 0.0534 pg-TEQ/day/person respectively. These were estimated 0.46% and 0.03% of Korean TDI based on 55 kg body weight.

국내 사과원의 재배형태 및 농약 살포방법 조사

권혜영(Hyeyoung Kwon),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),김상수(Sang-Su Kim),백민경(Min Kyoung Paik),이효섭(Hyo Sub Lee),김단비(Dan-Bi Kim),문병철(Byeong-Chul Moon) 한국농약과학회 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

A survey was conducted to research on planting system and pesticide spray methods including spray volume, sprayer types, and spray nozzles used in apple orchards. The survey was deployed to 395 farmers in 17 cities and towns including 7 regions which are major producers of apple via interview. Major apple varieties were Fuji (79.2%) and Hongro (50.9%) and high density planting system was mainly used in apple orchards (distance between rows: 4.0-4.5 m (73.1%); planting distance: 1.5-3.5 m (88.6%); canopy height: 3.0-4.5 m (88.2%)). The percentages of sprayer types were 77.6% and 22.1% for speed sprayer (airblast sprayer) and power sprayer, respectively. Spray volumes per 10a were 250-300 L in April, the month of spraying the lowest volume, and 300-400 L in June-August, the months of spraying the highest volume. Significant difference in spray volumes were not observed between conventional planting and high density planting, but regional spray volume showed significant difference. The main nozzles used by apple farmers using power sprayers were super jet nozzle (45%), super wide nozzle (26%), and 2-3 vertical head nozzle (25%). The results will helpful to establish practical agrochemicals management policy including suggestion of pesticide spray volume and evaluation of pesticide residue data and efficacy data.

농약사용 지표설정을 위한 수도용 농약사용량 조사분석

권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),최달순(Dal-soon Choi),성기석(Ki-Seog Seong),임양빈(Yang-Bin Ihm),강충길(Chung-Kil Kang),송병훈(Byeong-Hun Song),오병렬(Byung-Youl Oh) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.4

In order to develop the indicators of environmental impact of pesticide, its actual usage in paddy rice was surveyed, and usage trends of individual pesticides were evaluated. The tendency of pesticide use indicated insecticide 43%, herbicide 29%, fungicide 27% and top ranking item in insecticide, herbicide and fungicide was carbofuran, molinate + pyrazosulfuran-ethyl, IBP. The usuage statistics of formulation types showed GR>DP>WP>EC>FG>SP. Pesticide usage(a.i.) per hectare was 7.13㎏ and total usuage for paddy rice was estimated at 8,387 M/T. In the result of comparison of fact-usage with pesticide cunsumption reported in 1998, the fitness was 94.7% for fungicide, 84.3% for insecticide, 77.8% for herbicide. The result of monitoring pesticide residue of unpolished-rice sampled from farm house of survey indicated 0.14 ppm(BPMC), 0.16 ppm(Isoprocarb), 0.17 ppm(Isoprothiolane). In case of rice straw, the residue level was 0.27 ppm(Isoprothiolane), 0.28 ppm(IBP), 0.39 ppm(Carbofuran). The residue levels of pesticides were below MRLs.

살포 시스템에 의한 살균제 Dithianon의 감귤 잎 부착량 및 농작업자 노출량 비교

김민석(Min-Seok Kim),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),현재욱(Jae-Wook Hyun),황록연(Rok-Yeon Hwang),권혜영(Hye-Young Kwon),이효섭(Hyo-Sub Lee),문병철(Byeong-Chul Moon) 한국농약과학회 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Recently, orchard control is equipped with automated facilities in order to labor-saving and control diseases caused by insects and pests. However, citrus orchards are small citrus trees and high in planting density. Therefore, Therefore, the automated facilities suitable for citrus orchards are needed because the automated facilities used in other orchards are not suitable. The purpose of this study is to determine the applicability of miniaturized speed spray compared to engine type spray used in citrus orchards. This experiment sprayed dithianon with engine type spray, speed spray and compared the amount of adhesion by a spray system using citrus leaves and water sensitive paper. The operator protective clothing was used to determine the operator exposure. The adhesion of citrus leaves was 2.13 μg/㎠ for engine type spray, 2.59 μg/㎠ for speed spray. The operator exposure was 0.38 μg/㎠ for speed spray and 2.10 μg/㎠ for engine type spray. In the citrus plant, spraying a speed spray showed a higher deposition amount than that of the engine type spray. The exposure of the speed spray was lower than that of the engine type spray.

액체크로마토그래피를 이용한 농산물 중 fenoxasulfone의 잔류 분석법

권혜영(Hyeyoung Kwon),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),김효린(Hyo-Rin Kim),이효섭(Hyo Sub Lee),김단비(Danbi Kim),문병철(Byeong-Chul Moon) 한국농약과학회 2017 농약과학회지 Vol.21 No.4

An analytical method was developed for determination of fenoxasulfone residue amount in agricultural commodities using high performance liquid chromatography. The method was tested on five representative matrices (apple, potato, pepper, soy bean and brown rice) with spiked at 0.025, 0.25 and 1.25 μg/g. Acetone was used for extraction and liquid-liquid partition with dichloromethane and aminopropyl SPE cartridge was used to purify extracts. HPLC/UVD with 240 nm was used to detect fenoxasulfone. Recoveries were in the range of 71.2-89.8% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) was less than 7.2%. Limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.025 μg/g and the regression coefficient value (r<SUP>2</SUP>) of standard plot was 1.0000. The proposed method is sensitive, repeatable and rapid enough to apply to routine inspection of fenoxasulfone residues in agricultural commodities.

환경친화적 토양개량제의 농경지 중 잔류농약 경감효과

이효섭(Hyo Sub Lee),홍수명(Su Myeong Hong),김택겸(Taek Kyum Kim),권혜영(Hye Young Kwon),김단비(Dan Bi Kim),문병철(Byeong Chul Moon),문준관(Joon Kwan Moon) 한국농약과학회 2016 농약과학회지 Vol.20 No.4

This study investigated the reduction of residual pesticide in soil by using eight kinds of soil amendments such as shell, quick lime, dolomite, silicic acid, leaf mold, oil cake, bed soil and husk. A total of ten pesticides most frequently detected in agricultural soil were selected (azoxystrobin etc.) and soil amendments were treated in soils at a 2% application rate and incubated for 7 days. Pesticides were analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS with QuEChERS-based sample preparation procedure and pH was measured on 1, 3 and 7 days. This study showed that, soil amemdments were effective in reducing pesticides after 7days of incubation. Over 90% of azoxystrobin, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, fluquinconazole, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane and procymidone were decomposed from soils amended with 2% quick lime, whereas the concentration of boscalid, dimethomorph and triycyclazole were not decreased. The soil pH increased to 12.8-12.9 in soil amended with quick lime, but other soil conditioners did not change the soil pH. Quick lime was particularly effective in reducing residual pesticides.

은행잎 유래 살충성분 bilobalide와 그 분해물의 살충활성

양은영(Eun-Young Yang),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),안용준(Young-Joon Ahn),권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate insecticidal activities of Gingo biloba (L.) leaves-derived bilobalide and its hydrolysis and oxidation products against adults of Nilaparvata lugens Stal. To find out active insecticidal moiety of bilobalide, decomposed intermediates and derivatives of bilobalide were made by hydrolysis, oxidation, and acetylation. The structures of hydrolysis product by base and oxidation product by acid were identified as cyclopentenone analogues and trilactone sesquiterpene from dehydration of bilobalide, respectively. Insecticidal activities of the decomposed intermediates and the derivatives of bilobalide decreased in the order of bilobalide, monoacetate, ginkgolide C, oxidation product, diacetate, and hydrolysis product. Therefore, trilactone structure of bilobalide may be essential for its insecticidal activity.

토양 중 잔류농약 분석의 숙련도 향상을 위한 정도관리 연구

김세인 ( Se-in Kim ),홍수명 ( Su-myeong Hong ),이효섭 ( Hyo-sub Lee ),정건희 ( Gun-hee Jung ),김향희 ( Hyang-hee Kim ),정원태 ( Won-tae Jeong ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-

농산물 중 잔류농약 모니터링 분석성분이 확대되고 농약허용물질관리제도(PLS) 도입으로 정량한계가 극미량(0.01 mg/kg)까지 요구되면서 신뢰도 높은 분석결과를 도출할 분석역량이 필요하다. 정도관리의 일환인 숙련도시험은 분석자의 분석적 역량을 판단하고 역량제고 할 방향을 제공한다. 이 연구는 농촌진흥기관 잔류농약분석실 대상으로 숙련도시험을 수행한 결과 보여주며, 더불어 신뢰도 향상의 방향성을 제시하고자 하였다. 프로그램은 토양 중 잔류농약 분석으로 처리된 농약성분을 정성·정량하는 방법으로 실시하였다. 시료는 토양에 대상 농약(bifenthrin 등 10성분)을 처리하고 성분의 균질성 및 안정성이 확보되도록 제조하여 사용하였고 해당시료를 참가기관(33개소)에 배포한 후 개별성분의 분석값에 대해 회신을 요청했으며, 분석법, 분석자 경력, 분석 기기 등 분석 오류를 판단할 수 있는 매개변수 정보도 요청하였다. 참가기관에서 취합된 결과는 국제표준규격(ISO17043 및 ISO13528)의 표준점수(z-score)를 사용하여 기관별 분석결과가 중앙을 형성하는 농도로 설정값을 할당하였고 숙련도표준편차는 25%로 통계처리를 수행하였다. 성분별 적합평가(z-score ≤2)를 받은 참가기관은 79-97%로 형성되어 대부분의 참가기관의 잔류농약분석 수행능력이 우수한 것으로 판단되나 분석 역량이 미흡한 기관도 선별되었다. 특히, 다수의 참가기관에서 분석결과를 제출하지 못한 농약은 chlorfenapyr로 이는 해당 농약의 기기분석 조건이 두드러진 질량 스펙트럼을 나타내지 않기 때문에 결과해석에 부정적 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다. 해당 연구를 기반으로 농촌진흥기관 잔류농약분석실 분석역량 강화를 위해 대상 농약별 불만족 및 분석적 오류 원인 판별하고 해결책을 제시할 수 있는 분석역량 강화 계획을 수립할 것이다.

농약사용 지표개발을 위한 과수용 농약사용량 조사분석

권오경(Oh-Kyung Kwon),홍수명(Su-Myeong Hong),최달순(Dal-soon Choi),박찬원(Chan-Won Park),송병훈(Byeong-Hun Song),류갑희(Gap-Hee Ryu),오병렬(Byung-Youl Oh) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.4

Pesticide actual usage in fruit crop cultivation was surveyed, and usage trends of individual pesticides were evaluated to provide data for the development of indicators of environmental impact. The amount of pesticide used for fruit crops indicated the order of fungicide> insecticide> herbicide unlike the case of paddy rice, The fungicide rate of total usage was 72% in apple cultivation. Top ranking fungicides used on fruits were Mancozeb, Propineb, Thiophanate-methyl and the main insecticides were Propargite, Omethoate, Methidathion. The usuage by formulation types showed the order of WP>EC>SL>SC>SP>WG. Pesticide usage (a.i.) per hectare by different fruits was citrus 48.6㎏, apple 27.1㎏, pear 18.6㎏, persimmon 17.5㎏, peach 11.3㎏ and grape 9.2㎏. Comparison of pesticide usage (a.i.,㎏/㏊) in some fruit crops between Korea and USA indicated that more pesticides were used for citrus, pear and peach in USA than Korea while more pesticides were used in Korea than USA for apple.