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노지재배 감귤에서의 볼록총채벌레 발생 양상과 피해 증상
현재욱,황록연,이관석,송정흡,이평호,권혁모,현동희,김광식,Hyun, Jae-Wook,Hwang, Rok-Yeon,Lee, Kwan-Seok,Song, Jeong-Heub,Yi, Pyoung-Ho,Kwon, Hyeog-Mo,Hyun, Dong-Hee,Kim, Kwang-Sik 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.51 No.1
최근 들어 노지재배 감귤에서 볼록총채벌레에 의해 검은점무늬병 후기 증상 및 녹응애 피해 증상과 매우 유사하게 과정부 주위를 중심으로 검붉게 그을린 증상 또는 조직이 회갈색으로 괴사되어 딱지형태가 되는 증상들이 2007년부터 서귀포시 남원읍 일부지역에 발생하여 큰 피해를 주고 있다. 황색 끈끈이 트랩을 이용하여 7일 마다 발생 밀도를 조사한 결과 2009년의 경우 5월 상순부터 발생하기 시작하여 꾸준히 증가하다 8월 하순에 밀도가 가장 높았으며 2010년과 2011년의 경우 10월 상순에 밀도가 가장 높았다. 2009년의 경우 5월부터 10월 하순까지 최소 7회의 발생 세대를 보였고 통상 7월 경부터 볼록총채벌레가 감귤원에서 우점하여 발생하였다. 과실에서 볼록총채벌레 약충들이 7월부터 발견되어 2009년의 경우 8월 하순부터 9월 중순, 그리고 10월 상순에 피크를 보였고 피해 증상은 9월 중순부터 발생하기 시작하였다. 2011년의 경우 7월 상순에 밀도가 매우 높았으며 이후 9월 하순에 다시 밀도가 증가하였고 피해 증상은 7월 중하순 부터 발생하기 시작하여 10월 하순까지 계속적으로 증가하였다. 피해증상은 과정부를 중심으로 회색빛으로 부스럼같이 코르크화 되거나 초기에 검은색을 띄다가 착색기에 접어들어 과피가 검붉게 변하였다. 감귤에서 볼록총채벌레에 의한 이런 피해 증상을 국내에 처음으로 보고한다. Silver-grey or dark brown scaring, or dark brown discolored damages caused by the yellow tea thrip, $Scirtothrips$ $dorsalis$ Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) have occurred on citrus fruits cultivated in the open field in east-south area orchards of Jeju Island since 2007. The weekly population of yellow tea thrips adults caught with a yellow sticky trap increased gradually from early May and peaked in late August, 2009. In 2010 and 2011, the most population was in early October. The yellow tea thrips of some species usually dominated from July in open citrus fields, and seven generations, at least, had occurred from May to late October 2009 by a yellow sticky trap survey. In 2009, $S.$ $dorsalis$ larva were observed from July and with peaks from late August to mid September and early October on citrus fruits. The damage symptoms appeared in the mid September. In 2011, the population peaks were in early July and late September, and the symptoms increased continually from mid July to late October. The symptoms were silver-scars or initial dark discolorations and then gradually changed to dark-brown discolorations or dark-brown scars. The percent of damaged fruits were 0.9%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 2.7% in 2008, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively, by survey in 64 typical orchards in Jeju Island. We are the first to report symptoms of the yellow tea thrip ($Scirtothrips$ $dotsalis$) on citrus fruits.
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현재욱,고상욱,김동환,한승갑,김광식,권혁모,임한철 한국식물병리학회 2005 식물병연구 Vol.11 No.2
This studies were carried out to elucidate the control effect of copper fungicides against some citrus diseases, assess copper spray injury on leaf and fruit of citrus by spraying of copper fungicides according to growth stages and spray seasons and by tank mixing with paraffin oil in field experiments for 3 years (2003-2005 season). As results, the control value was approximately 75% against scab disease in all tested copper fungicides, 85-88% to canker and 75-86% to melanose. In case of leaf, the copper injury was the severest in early stage of shooting, and the injury was gradually weakened according to growth of leaf. In fruit, the copper injury was more severe in midsummer (late of July and August) than early of summer and spring season (June and ealy of July). Among copper fungicides, the bordeaux mixture which made by level of farm induced more injury compared to other copper fungicides commercialized. Less copper spray injury was observed on treatments in which copper fungicide was sprayed as tank mixtures with paraffin oil when compared to treatment which sprayed with only copper fungicide. 본 연구는 2003년부터 2005년까지 감귤원에서 구리제의 효율적인 사용을 위하여 주요 감귤 병에 대한 구리제의 방제 효과, 구리피해 발생시기 및 구리제 종류 별 구리피해 정도, 그리고 기계유유제와의 혼용에 대한 효과를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 결과를 종합하면 감귤더뎅이병에 대한 방제효과는 구리제 종류에 관계없이 방제가가 약 75%, 궤양병에 대해서도 85~88%, 그리고 검은점무늬병에 대해서는 약 75~86%이었다. 구리피해는 새순이 어릴수록 발생이 심하였고 과일의 경우 고온기인 7월부터 8월까지가 가장 심하였다. 또한 구리제에 응애 방제용 기계유유제를 혼용하여 살포할 경우 방제 효과는 그대로 유지하였지만 구리피해는 상당히 감소하였으며 이들 결과들로부터 구리제와 기계유유제를 혼용하여 적기에 사용할 경우 봄철 더뎅이병과 궤양병, 그리고 응애를 동시에 방제할 수 있으며 유기농이나 무농약 재배 과원에서도 효율적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
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현재욱,Hyo-Jung Kim,박은우,Pyoung-Ho Yi,Rok-Yeon Hwang 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.2
It has been known that streptomycin resistance in bacteria can occur as a results of chromosomal mutation or through gene acquisition or both. Chromosomal mutations for resistances are point mutations in the rpsL gene, which alter ribosomal protein S12. Acquired resistance has occurred when an SmR plasmid carrying transposon Tn5393 with tandem strA-strB gene is transferred by conjugation. A total of 686 isolates of Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri causal agent of citrus canker disease were collected from 26 citrus orchards in Jeju Island in 2003 and 2004 seasons. Forty-nine of 111 isolates from streptomycin non-sprayed orchards in 2003season were resistant to streptomycin. Of 107 isolates from orchards sprayed one time with streptomycin, 58isolates were resistant, and 166 of 221 isolates from orchards sprayed two times with streptomycin were resistant. In 12 orchards sprayed three or more times with streptomycin, 219 of 247 isolates were resistant to streptomycin. Twenty-five isolates of X. smithii subsp. citri were surveyed to identify the mechanisms of streptomycin resistance in this study. Twenty-one of these 25isolates were resistant to streptomycin, and it was proven by PCR assay that 18 of the 21 streptomycin resistant isolates have the strB gene. In sixteen of the 21streptomycin resistant isolates, it was occurred a point mutation altered codon lysine (AAG)-41 of rpsL gene to arginine (AGG). The streptomycin-sensitive isolates easily acquired the resistance by mixed culture with resistant isolates. The strB gene was amplified from the isolates that acquired the resistance by mixed culture,and one isolate of them was also point-mutated in codon 41 of rpsL gene to be resistant. In this study, most of the streptomycin-resistant isolates of X. smithii sub sp. citri in Jeju island expressed the resistance by both chromosomal point mutation and gene acquisition, and the resistance was easily acquired through conjugation by culture mixed with streptomycin resistant and sensitive strains.
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