한국 근대의학 지식의 초기 수용 모습 - 의학교의 외국인 교원과 의학교과서를 중심으로 -

하세가와 사오리(Hasegawa, Saori),최규진(Choi Kyu-Jin) 동아시아일본학회 2021 일본문화연구 Vol.- No.78

대한제국 정부가 세운 최초의 근대식 의학교육기관인 의학교의 탄생은 지석영의 우두법 도입을 계기로 이어진 조선의 자주적인 근대의학 지식 수용의 결실이었다. 이 의학교에서는 본격적인 근대의학 지식 수용을 위해 초창기부터 일본인 교원 채용과 의학교과서 번역작업이 진행됐다. 그 과정에서 일본인 교원에게 의학교 학생들이 그들의 의학 지식을 따져 묻고 배제하는 상황이 발생했는데, 이를 통해 조선 근대의학의 변증법적 발전을 엿볼 수 있다. 이는 조선인 의서 번역자들의 등장과 그들의 작업물을 통해 더욱 분명해진다. 현재까지 발견된 의학교에서 사용한 의학교과서는 유창희가 번역한 『병리통론』과 유병필이 번역한 『해부신학박제진전』 두 권뿐이다. 하지만 이 두 권이 시사하는 바는 적지 않다. 근대 의학 중에서도 가장 핵심적인 이론이자 전통의학과 가장 큰 차이를 보이는 것이 병리학과 해부학이기 때문이다. 특히 1902년 학부에서 발행된 『병리통론』은 현존하는 가장 오래된 의학교과서일뿐 아니라 공식적인 의학 지식의 장(場)에 특정병인론과 국소병리학이라는 근대 의학관의 두 기둥을 최초로 제시한 작업으로서 그 역사적 의미가 매우 크다. The birth of Uihakgyo(the first modern government medical school in Korea) itself was the fruit of the subjective acceptance of modern medicine. In the Uihakgyo, the recruitment of Japanese instructors and the translation of medical textbooks were conducted to fully adopt the modern medical knowledge from the earliest days. In the process, students enrolled in Uihakgyo interrogated Japanese teachers about their medical knowledge, suggesting that the medicine in Joseon was developed into more independent one. Such a dialectic change was more certainly verified by the appearance of Korean medical book translators and their translations. The medical textbooks containing the modern medical knowledge used in Uihakgyo, which has been discovered, include only two volumes: 『Byeonglitongron』 translated by Yu Changhui and 『Haebusinhakbakjejinjeon』 by Yu Byeongpil. These two volumes, however, give significant suggestions, since it is both pathology and anatomy that are most central theories in the modern medicine and most significantly different from the traditional one. In particular, 『Byeonglitongron』 published by the Education department in 1902 have a very important historical implication, in that it is not only the oldest medical textbook among those that are existent, but also it first suggested two columns for the modern medical philosophy to the field of formal medical knowledge; specific etiology and regional pathology.

한국의 근대적 병리학 지식의 수용 경로 - 『병리통론』의 전염병 관련 서술을 중심으로 -

하세가와 사오리,최규진 한국과학사학회 2022 한국과학사학회지 Vol.44 No.1

Byeonglitongron (病理通論, General Theory of Pathology), published in 1902 by the Hakbu (Ministry of Education) was the first modern pathology textbook translated and published in Korea. Byeonglitongron was also published by the Hwangsungjejungwon (Severance Hospital) in 1907, which suggests Byeonglitongron was a key textbook in medical education. The Korean version of Byeonglitongron presented the core modern pathological knowledge for infectious diseases. Analysis on the preface of the Korean version of Byeonglitongron (1902) showed that the book was a retranslation of the Japanese version of Byeonglitongron. Japanese version was compiled and translated by Yamada Ryosyuku and Hasegawa Junchiro from German pathology books, mainly from lecture notes of Erwin von Bälz and the pathology books of Julius Friedrich Cohnheim. Byeonglitongron, a textbook in Uihakgyo (the first government modern medical school) and Severance Hospital, showed the early transfer of modern medical knowledge from Germany to Japan, and in turn, Korea. In particular, since the first volume of Japanese version of Byeonglitongron was mainly based on the lecture notes of Bälz, it can be said that German pathology knowledge had a significant influence on the formation of early modern pathology knowledge in Korea through Bälz.

일본 반핵운동의 뿌리를 찾아서 - 원수폭 금지 세계대회의 기원 -

하세가와 사오리,최규진 연구공동체 건강과대안 2023 의료와사회 Vol.- No.13

731부대에 대한 민족주의적 ‘소비’를 넘어서 ―731부대 관련 사진 오용 사례와 조선 관계 자료 검토

하세가와 사오리(Hasegawa, Saori),최규진(Choi, Kyujin) 역사비평사 2020 역사비평 Vol.- No.132

Unit 731 is quite familiar to Koreans, so much so that the term ‘Maruta’, which refers to the people who fell victim to the experiments by Unit 731, is often used in everyday life. However, it is not easy to obtain proper information about Unit 731 in Korea. Most of the information online display gruesome pictures and describe Unit 731 as a ‘mad group’ that used Joseon people as ‘Maruta.’ The efforts to properly learn about Unit 731 has been far from enough since information providers were bent solely on the nationalistic ‘consumption’ of Unit 731. It was a frequent occurrence for media outlets to be engrossed in stimulating nationalistic sensibility and hence use wrong photos. What is more problematic is that it is difficult to find academic papers or books that correct such cases. Based on the awareness of this problem, this study reviewed the most representative cases of photograph misuse by the media in Chapter 2. In fact, it would be unfair to blame the media alone for the repeated distorted reports on Unit 731 in the Korean media, because that signifies the absence of researchers who are able to review such reports. In that sense, this article is also a self-reflective essay by one the researchers related in the field. For a constructive reflection, historical records and topics that are worthy of note in relation to Joseon are presented in Chapter 3. While the topics mentioned here are microscopically limited to Joseon and hence are directly about Unit 731, opting a broader perspective will lead to a wide variety of research topics. In other words, the issue of Unit 731 is a subject worthy of further exploration rather than to be ‘consumed’ merely by nationalistic sentiments. It is expected that more diverse and thorough approach is taken in researching Unit 731 in the future. Hopefully, this article will help bring about such a change.

일본 의료통역 사업의 현황과 과제 - 한국 의료통역 사업에 대한 시사점을 중심으로 -

하세가와 사오리,최규진 한국통역번역학회 2018 통역과 번역 Vol.20 No.3

Medical service is one of the most important considerations for people who plan to live in or travel to Korea. Medical interpretation is a service area that must be given the first priority to improve the access to medical services for migrants or foreign tourists to Korea. Therefore, this study examines a relevant case in Japan which shares a similar background with Korea in terms of social culture, institutions and geopolitics. First of all, the governments of Korea and Japan are similar in that they are promoting medical interpretation service focusing on foreign tourists. However, a careful examination reveals a few differences. First of all, Korea started to implement the Medical Interpreter Certification System ahead of Japan. The most striking difference between the two countries in the medical interpretation service is the level of activity in the private sector. In Japan, private agencies specializing in medical interpretation as well as the Japanese Association of Medical Interpreters are practically providing the medical interpretation service for the government, local governments or private medical institutions. Another noteworthy aspect of the Japanese medical interpretation service is that there is a sincere approach to medical interpretation service as a community interpretation service although the scale is not large at this point. Thus, the medical interpretation service in Korea is ahead of the corresponding program in Japan in terms of form, but there are a few aspects in content that should be noted.

일본 간호 운동의 역사

최규진,하세가와 사오리 연구공동체 건강과대안 2018 의료와사회 Vol.- No.9

바이오의약품 투약사고에 관한 질적 사례연구: ‘인보사’ 피해자들을 중심으로

신유나,하세가와 사오리,최규진 한국인권학회 2022 인권연구 Vol.5 No.1

In 2019, the ‘Invossa Incident’ occurred in which GP2-293 cells, an abnormal cell, were injected into osteoarthritis patients, causing many victims. This study selected key question such as ‘the data acquiring and entire course of medication’, ‘the reason for receiving the treatment’, ‘situations after medication’, ‘ the serious problems and the radical solutions’, and conducted interviews with 10 victims who were administered with Invossa-K. The research deduced results that there are 4 key categories such as ‘a lot of false or exaggerated content’, ‘the mechanism to encourage high-priced injections’, ‘socio-economic pain’. The research findings are as follow: First, the participants came into contact with the Invossas through hospitals, newspapers, YouTube advertising and local broadcasting programs. Most of these publicity materials lured the victims with false or exaggerated content. Second, the participants decided to receive the treatment despite its high cost and low expected effects mainly because of aggressive recommendations of hospitals. The indemnity insurance coverage of the treatment also played a significant role in attracting patients. Third, after the participants found out that there was something wrong with the treatment, their symptoms did not improve in many cases. They were severely traumatized when they heard that the ingredients were problematic. In addition, considerable socio-economic suffering, such as leave of absence, loss of job, bankruptcy, and family discord followed physical and mental suffering. For women, in particular, the severity of these negative consequences was much worse. Fourth, the participants regarded that it will be difficult to conduct a medical probe or follow-up test for this case. Besides, the victims' grave distrust of the officials and the absence of an occasion to dispel such distrust also served as obstacles of resolving the problem. The participants were especially outraged that Kolon Life Science was trying to cover up the incident with the CEO's resignation and did not make a sincere apology nor show a responsible attitude. They also expressed resentment towards the government for failing to prevent the situation in advance. In addition, the participants urged with one voice about strengthening hospital business ethics and medical ethics of doctors. Lastly, considering that the Invossa incident can be seen as a social disaster rather than a matter of individual mistake, the participants expected that appropriate compensation is provided to relieve physical, mental, and socio-economic suffering even a little.

미등록 이주민의 건강 현황 분석과 보건의료서비스 접근성 향상을 위한 제언 : 문헌조사와 전문가 인터뷰를 중심으로

신유나,하세가와 사오리,최규진 한국공공사회학회 2019 공공사회연구 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to understand the health status of undocumented migrants and find ways to improve their access to health and medical services. To this end, this study used methodological triangulation and researcher triangulation. First, domestic and overseas studies on undocumented migrants were reviewed to analyze the overall health status and actual health management conditions of undocumented migrants. Next, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 experts, who have provided medical assistance for migrants for more than 5 years, and researcher triangulation was applied to the analysis of data collected from these interviews. As a result of using methodological triangulation for the analysis of data from the literature review and in-depth interviews with experts, it was found that undocumented migrants in Korea lack access to medical institutions and have weak health status to that extent due to such challenging experiences as cultural differences, language barrier and discrimination, compounded by their 'insecure status of sojourn.' It was also found that health and medical services available to undocumented migrants exist in Korea on both public and private levels but are unsatisfactory in many ways when compared to overseas cases. Experts pointed out that the following improvements are needed in connection with health and medical service accessibility; improvement of poor medical services, improvement of communication, improvement of lack of information, the need for establishing a separate health care system, the need for substantial and systematic free medical centers, the importance of using community, improvement of the situation where available health and medical services are concentrated in Seoul, improvement of the environment surrounding undocumented migrants, and improvement of cultural discrimination. The measures proposed in this study for the improvement of undocumented migrants’ access to health and medical services are as follows: establishing ‘Health Support Center for Immigrants'; strengthening immigrant communities; expanding professional medical interpretation services for immigrants; providing personalized medical services that will complement unmet medical needs; implementing support programs related to mother and child health; and establishing a separate health care funding system similar to the National Health Insurance system. 본 연구는 미등록 이주민의 건강 현황을 파악하고 보건의료서비스 접근성 향상을 위한 방안을 모색하려고 했다. 이를 위해 방법론적 삼각검증법과 조사자 삼각검증법을 활용하였다. 우선 국내외 미등록 이주민을 주제로 한 연구들에 대한 문헌조사를 실시하여 미등록 이주민의 전반적인 건강 현황과 건강관리 실태를 분석하였다. 다음으로 5년 이상 이주민의 의료지원을 한 전문가 12명을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 진행하고 조사자 삼각검증법을 적용해 분석하였다. 문헌조사와 전문가 심층 인터뷰 결과를 토대로 방법론적 삼각검증법을 사용해 분석한 결과, 한국에서의 미등록 이주민은 등록 이주민이 겪고 있는 언어의 장벽, 문화적 차이, 차별 경험과 더불어 ‘체류 신분의 불안정’까지 더해져, 의료기관에 대한 접근성이 더 떨어지고 그만큼 건강 상태 역시 취약했다. 미등록 이주민이 이용할 수 있는 공적인 차원과 민간 차원의 보건의료서비스가 존재했으나 해외 사례에 비해 미흡한 부분이 많았다. 전문가들은 보건의료서비스 접근성과 관련하여 개선해야 할 것들로 미흡한 진료서비스, 의사소통 문제, 정보 부족을 꼽았으며, 더불어 별도의 건강보험 체계의 필요성, 규모 있고 체계적인 무료진료센터의 필요성, 공동체(커뮤니티) 활용의 중요성, 이용 가능한 보건의료서비스의 서울 집중 문제 개선, 미등록 이주민을 둘러싼 환경 개선, 문화적 차별 개선 등을 지적했다. 이를 토대로 미등록 이주민들의 보건의료서비스 접근성 향상을 위한 방안을 도출하면, ‘이주민 건강 지원 센터’의 설치, 이주민 공동체 강화, 이주민을 위한 전문 의료통역서비스 확대, 미충족 의료를 보완할 수 있는 맞춤형 진료서비스 구축, 모자보건 관련 지원 사업 추진, 건강보험체계와 유사한 별도의 건강 재정 지원 제도 마련 등을 제시할 수 있다

1950년대 이래 선진국 국민들과 한국인의 암 사망 변천사

황상익,하세가와 사오리 한국생태환경사학회 2021 생태환경과역사 Vol.- No.7

암은 현대문명의 발달로 한국인과 세계인들을 괴롭히는 중요한 원인이 된 것일까? 저자들은 몇 편의 논문을 통해 이 문제에 대해 천착할 것이다. 이번 논문에서는 국내외의 대표적인 암 관련 통계자료들의 분석, 특히 연령별 사망률의 세밀한 분석을 통해 1950년대 이래 오늘날까지 선진국 국민들과 한국인의 암 사망이 어떻게 변천해왔는지 살펴보았다. 저자들은 통념과 달리 1950년대부터 오늘날까지 폐암을 제외한 모든 암의 사망률(ASDR)이 증가한 것이 아니라 오히려 감소해왔다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 20세기 후반 거의 모든 선진국에서 암의 ASDR이 증가한 것은 폐암에 기인하는 것이지, 폐암을 제외하면 암 ASDR은 오히려 꾸준히 감소해온 것이 암 사망의 진실이다. 그리고 폐암이 크게 증가했던 것은 흡연량 증가의 직접적 결과이지 현대문명의 발달과는 별로 관계없는 현상이었다. 한국은 암 사망 통계를 작성한 1983년 이래 최근까지 남자의 ASDR이 일본과 미국 등 선진국보다 높았지만 빠른 속도로 감소한 결과 최근에는 선진국들과 비슷한 값을 보이고 있다. 여자는 사정이 달라 1980년대 이래 일본과 비슷하게 낮은 ASDR 값을 보이다 2005년 이후는 감소 정도가 더 빨라졌다. 후발 산업국가이자 의료 면에서도 대부분의 선진국에 뒤졌던 한국이 통계자료가 있는 1983년부터 30여년 동안 (아마도 그 이전 시기에도) 여타 선진국들보다 남자의 암 ASDR이 높았다는 사실은 암 사망의 진실과 관련하여 근본적인 질문을 던지게 한다. “암은 선진국에 흔하고 후진국에서는 드문 질환인가?”

역사 속 공공병원 설립 운동을 찾아서

최규진,하세가와 사오리 연구공동체 건강과대안 2022 의료와사회 Vol.- No.11