Occurrence of Crown Gall and Growth Responses of Korean Raspberry Grown in Container Supplied with Nutrient Solution

천미건,박경미,한인영,최성태,황연현,윤혜숙,김영광 한국토양비료학회 2022 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Although Korean raspberry (Rubus crataegifolius) cultivation has increased with the recent trend of conveni ence foods, the growers suffer from renovating the orchards due to the outbreak of Agrobacterium tumefacienswhich severely occurs in the raspberries every 3 to 4 years. This study was conducted to determine the inhibi tory effect of container cultivation on the occurring of A. tumefaciens in the Korean raspberry and to suggest ECrange and volume of the nutrient solution suitable to the raspberry. Two-year-old raspberries were suppliedwith a nutrient solution (NO3-N 4.6, NH4-N 3.4, PO4-P 3.3, K 3, Ca 4.6, Mg 2.2 me L-1) from bud burst toharvest in 50-L containers (non-woven fabric) containing peatmoss (44 L) and perlite (6 L) within non-heatingplastic houses in Gimhae and Jinju, Gyeongnam-province. When Agrobacterium sp. was inoculated to theplants in Gimhae, the container cultivation exhibited significantly lower tumor occurrence of 3.3%, in contrastto 54.5% of the conventional soil cultivation. On the other hands, the plants in Jinju were examined with 4levels of EC (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.5 dS m-1) combined with 4 volumes of nutrient solution (4, 6, 8, and 12 Lplant-1 per week). Shoot growth tended to increase with raising EC, but numbers of shoots and suckers ratherdecreased at EC 1.5. The EC 1.0 with volume of 12 L resulted in the greatest bush growth including number ofshoots and the pruned weight. The highest berry weight and yield were found in EC range of 1.0 to 1.2 at therate of 12 L. The results indicated that container cultivation supplied with the nutrient solution could decreaseoccurrence of A. tumefaciens and the appropriate supply of the nutrient solution increases growth of the Koreanraspberry.

Plant Growth and Partitioning of Dry Matter and Inorganic Elements in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) ‘Scintilla’ Grown with Different N and K Compositions of Nutrient Solution in Heated Greenhouse Cultivation

천미건,이서현,박경미,최성태,황연현,장영호 한국토양비료학회 2022 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.55 No.3

This study was conducted to improve a nutrient solution composition to grow southern highbush blueberry cultivar ‘Scintilla’ in a pot in the heated greenhouse cultivation. From September in 2020 to late May (40 days after harvest) in 2022, young blueberry plants were supplied with different compositions of nutrient solution, a 25% increase (NK increase) and a 25% decrease (NK decrease) in N and K concentrations, compared with a nutrient solution for the unheated greenhouse cultivation (control). Fruit size was not consistently affected by the nutrient compositions in the two seasons. Fruit yield in both 2021 and 2022 increased by 14 - 22% for the NK increase, but decreased by 13 - 59% for the NK decrease, compared with the control. Total shoot length per plant was 28 - 56% longer for the NK increase than the control, while it was 33 - 47% shorter for the NK decrease. Total dry weight per plant increased by 25% for the NK increase, especially 2.4-fold greater in root, which contrasted with a 17% reduction for the NK decrease. 7.2% and 51.2% of the total dry weight of a plant were partitioned to root and fruit for the control, respectively. The root partitioning of the dry weight increased to 14.1% for the NK increase, while the fruit partitioning increased to 54.1% for the NK decrease. The NK increase resulted in 49% and 30% increases in the total N and K contents per plant, respectively, comparedwith those of the control, while the NK decrease caused 41% and 21% reduction in the respective total content. When N and K increased in the nutrient solution, the root partitioning increased with lower leaf and fruit partitioning of inorganic elements, compared with the control. However, the root partitioning decreased with higher fruit partitioning for the NK decrease. The result indicated that the NK 25% increase of nutrient solution helps promote root growth with higher nutrient absorption, increasing the whole plant growth and the yield.

가온 하우스 재배 블루베리 ‘신틸라’에 있어서 2차 결과지의 과실 특성

천미건,최상우,윤혜숙,김영광,박경미,최성태,김진국 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2023 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.32 No.4

본 연구는 경상남도 진주, 김해, 의령에 위치한 가온시설하우스에서 양액재배로 관리되는 ‘신틸라’ 남부하이부시 블루베리의 2차 결과지의 과실 특성을 분석하였다. 일반적으로‘신틸라’는 전년도에 자란 가지의 선단에서 착과가 이루어지지만, 가온재배 환경에서는 당해년도에 자라난 가지의 선단에서도 꽃이 피고 열매를 맺는 현상이 발견되었다. 연구 결과, 2차 결과지에서의 개화와 수확은 정상 결과지에 비해 각각 52 일, 36일 지연되었으나, 6월 중순 기준으로 2차 결과지의 신초경과 신초장은 정상 결과지보다 각각 54%, 10% 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 결과지 유형 간에 과실 크기와 가용성 고형물 함량에서는 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 2차 결과지의 과실은 칼륨 농도가 더 높고, 칼슘과 마그네슘 농도는더 낮게 조사되었다. 이러한 결과로 수세가 양호한 나무에서는 2차 결과지의 과실 상품화가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다 This study examines the characteristics of berries from secondary bearing shoots of ‘Scintilla’ southern highbush blueberry, grown hydroponically in the Jinju, Gimhae, and Uiryeong regions of Gyeongnam Province. Typically, ‘Scintilla’ forms flower buds at the tips of regular bearing shoots during the previous season, yielding berries in the current season. However, under heated cultivation, we observed a proliferation of secondary bearing shoots that produce berries in the same growing season. Flowering and harvesting on secondary bearing shoots were delayed by 52 and 36 days, respectively, compared to regular bearing shoots. However, these shoots exhibited a 54% increase in diameter and a 10% increase in length. We found no significant difference in berry size and soluble solid content between the two types of shoots. Notably, berries from the secondary bearing shoots had higher potassium and lower calcium and magnesium concentrations. We conclude that berries from secondary bearing shoots could be marketable, provided the bushes are healthy. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing cultural practices to improve the yield and quality of blueberries under specific environmental conditions.

블루베리 양액재배시 공급량 및 공급횟수가 수체생육 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

천미건,이영숙,정용모,김희대,홍광표,헤라쓰 무디얀셀라지,김진국 (사) 한국생물환경조절학회 2019 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.28 No.4

In this study, the effect of supplying volume and frequency of a nutrient solution consisted with NO3-N 4.6, NH4-N 3.4, PO4-P 3, K 3, Ca 4.6 and Mg 2.2mmol·L-1 on growth and fruit quality of ‘Duke’ blueberry was investigated. Three years old ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes cultivated in containers (60 × 80 × 40cm) filled with 130L peat moss and 40L pearlite (v/v) were selected for the experiment. The growth containers were mulched with sawdust. Two different volumes (4L and 8L) of nutrient solution was tested at three different supplying frequencies (one time, two times, and three times) per week and the drainage quality of nutrient solution and fruit quality of ‘Duke’ blueberry was evaluated. The optimal drainage rate for the vegetable cultivation is known to be 20-30%. The results revealed that the average drainage rates of 27% and 29% for the nutrient solution supplied in ‘Duke’ blueberry growth medium at 4L, 2 times/7 days and 4L, 3 times/7days, respectively. The highest shoot diameter (4.2mm) and shoot length (31cm) of ‘Duke’ blueberry was recorded with the 8L of nutrient solution supplied at 3 times per 7 days. According to the analysis of inorganic components in the drainage of nutrient solution, there was a tendency of absorbing nitrogen at the early stage of growth. The supplying volume and frequency of nutrient solution was not significantly affected on ‘Duke’ blueberry fruit weight, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity. The highest yield per bush (2.7kg) was recorded for the nutrient solution supplied with 4L at three times per 7 days, while the 4L nutrient solution supplied at one time per 7 days resulted the lowest yield of 1.4kg per bush. Consequently, the tested nutrient solution can be applied for the ‘Duke’ blueberry bushes with the volume of 4L at three times per week for the better crop growth. 블루베리는 호산성 식물로 피트모스를 활용한 상토에 서 잘 자라며 관목인 점을 고려하여 용기재배를 많이 하고 있고 또한 고령화에 대비해 생력적으로 생산할 수 있는 재배기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 시험에서는 블루 베리 양액재배시 공급량 및 공급횟수가 수체생육과 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 시험방법은 3년생 ‘듀크’ 품종을 대상으로 피트모스와 펄라이트의 용 량을 각각 130L, 40L(v/v)로 하여 용기(60×80×40cm)에 식재하고 톱밥으로 멀칭한 후 2015년과 2016년에 양액 공급량을 4L와 8L로 나누어 4월 중순부터 7월 하순까 지 1회, 2회, 3회 공급하여 수체생육 및 과실품질을 조 사하였다. 양액은 NO3-N 4.6, NH4-N 3.4, PO4-P 3.3, K 3, Ca 4.6, Mg 2.2mmol·L-1를 주당 공급하였다. 채소에 서 양액재배시 적정 배액율은 20∼30%로 알려져 있는 데 본 시험에서 평균 배액량은 4L 2회/7일 처리가 27%, 4L 3회/7일 처리가 29%로 다른 처리에 비해 적당하였 다. 블루베리의 생육을 보면, 생육후반 8L/3회/7일 처리 에서 신초장은 31cm, 신초경은 4.2mm로 가장 컸지만 질소를 많이 줄수록 도장하는 경향이었다. 배액의 무기 성분 함량은 생육초반에 질소를 많이 흡수하는 경향이었 고, 처리별 과실특성은 과립중, 가용성 고형물 함량 및 산함량 등은 처리간 유의차가 없었으며, 수량은 4L 3회/7일 처리가 주당 2.7kg으로 가장 많았고, 4L 1회/7일 처 리가 1.4kg로 가장 작았다. 따라서 배액량, 수량, 수체 및 과실생육 등을 감안해볼 때 블루베리 양액재배시 조 금씩 자주 공급한 처리 즉 4L 3회/7일 처리로 공급하는 것이 적당한 것으로 판단되었다.

블루베리 ‘듀크’ 품종의 무가온 시설재배시 전정시기가 수체생장과 과실수량에 미치는 영향

천미건(Mi Geon Cheon),이서현(Seo Hyoun Lee),박경미(Kyung Mi Park),최성태(Seong-Tae Choi),황연현(Yeon Hyeon Hwang),장영호(Young Ho Chang),김진국(Jin Gook Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2021 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.30 No.3

본 시험은 무가온 시설재배 조건에서 북부하이부쉬 블루베리의 전정시기가 영양 생장과 과실 생산에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행되었다. 180L 용기에서 재배한 7-9년생 ‘듀크’ 품종을 대상으로 2018년과 2019년 6월 20일(수확 후 30일경), 7월 20일, 8월 20일에 하계전정을 실시하였고, 2019년과 2020년 1월 20일에 동계전정(관행)을 목질부 생장량의 30%를 제거하는 방법으로 처리하였다. 하계 전정구들은 2년 연속 전정 이듬해인 2020년 10월 15일에 신초 생장이 현저히 감소하였는데, 주당 총 신초장은 6월, 7월, 8월 전정구가 동계 전정구에 비해 각각 47%, 37%, 33%로 작았고 하계전정 시기가 늦을수록 신초 생장이 감소하는 경향이었다. 하계전정 1년차와 2년차 이듬해의 과실 특성은 전정 시기의 영향이 없었고, 주당 수량은 전정 1년차 이듬해인 2019년에는 차이가 없었으나 2년 연속 처리 이듬해 2020년에는 동계 전정구가 2.9kg인데 반해 하계 전정구들은 동계 전정구에 비해 21~38%가 감소하였다. 따라서 무가온 시설재배 조건에서 북부하이부쉬 ‘듀크’의 하계 전정은 동계 전정에 비해 수세가 약화되어 수량이 감소할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. This experiment was conducted to compare effects of summer pruning at different times and dormant pruning on shoot growth and yield of northern highbush blueberry. Using 7 (2018) to 9 (2020) years old ‘Duke’ bushes grown in 180 L containers, summer pruning was treated on June 20 (around 30 days after harvest), July 20, and August 20 consecutively in both 2018 and 2019 removing 30% of the total woods, while dormant pruning (conventional) was on January 20 in both 2019 and 2020. Summer pruning reduced shoot growth the following year, especially when treated in late summer. Total shoot length per bush decreased to 47%, 37%, and 33% on October 15, 2020 in June, July, and August pruning, respectively, compared with that of dormant pruning. Summer pruning at different times in 2018 and 2019 did not affect berry characteristic in the following year. Yield per bush was not significantly changed in 2019, but it decreased by 21 to 38% in 2020 in the summer pruning treatments compared with 2.9 kg of the dormant pruning. It was concluded that consecutive summer pruning in ‘Duke’ under unheated plastic house could weaken the shoot growth with reducing yield.

무가온 하우스 재배 ‘듀크’ 블루베리에 대한 양분공급시기가 수체생육, 과실품질, 수량에 미치는 영향

천미건(Mi Geon Cheon),이영숙(Young Suk Lee),김영봉(Young Bong Kim),헤라쓰 무디얀셀라지(H. M. Prathibhani C. Kumariham),김진국(Jin Gook Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2020 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 시험에서는 블루베리 양액재배시 양분공급시기가 수체생육과 과실품질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 수행하였다. 신초생장은 1차, 2차 생장량은 비슷한 경향이었으나, 3차 생장량은 수확종료 15일 전 중단한 처리에 비해 수확종료 직후와 수확종료 후 15일에 공급을 중단한 처리가 각각 15.4%, 15.6% 생장을 많이 하는 경향이었고, 수확종료 후 60일에 양분공급을 중단한 처리는 수확종료 15일전에 중단한 처리보다 3차 생장량이 53.2% 증가하는 경향이었다. 양액공급 후 이듬해 꽃눈수를 조사한 결과 수확종료 후 60일에 양분공급을 중단한 처리는 수확종료 15일전에 중단한 처리보다 26% 적었다. 처리별 과실특성은 과실중, 당도, 산도 등은 처리 간 큰 차이가 없었으며, 주당 수량은 수확종료 15일전이 2.1kg, 수확종료 직후와 수확종료 후 15일에 양분을 중단한 처리가 2.5kg으로 가장 많았으며, 수확종료 후 45일과 60일에 양분을 중단한 처리는 1.8kg으로 가장 작았다. In this study, we investigated the effect of nutrient supply periods on the fruit growth and quality of ‘Duke’ blueberry. The nutrient solution was contained with NO₃-N 4.6, NH₄-N 3.4, PO₄-P 3.3, K 3.0, Ca 4.6, and Mg 2.2 mmol·L<SUP>-1</SUP>, and EC in the nutrient solution was 1.5 ds.m<SUP>-1</SUP>. In 2017 and 2018, an individual blueberry bush was supplied with 8 L of the nutrient solution per week. In 2018, the drainage water quality of growing medium and fruit quality was investigated. The nutrient supply was started from April 01, and stopped at 15 days intervals as follows, 15 days before final harvest, at the final harvest date (June 30), 15 days after final harvest (DAFH), 30 DAFH, 45 DAFH, and 60 DAFH. The content of inorganic components in the growing medium was not significantly different by the stop time of nutrient supply, but the content of phosphorus (P₂O5) tended to increase with the delay of stop time of nutrient supply. There were no significant differences in the fruit quality characteristics in terms of size, sugar content, and acidity among the different stop time of nutrient supply. The blueberry yield was tended to decrease with the delay of periods of nutrient supply, while the lowest yield of 1.8 kg was recorded when nutrient supply stopped at 45 and 60 DAFH.

포도 `진옥` 품종의 무가온 하우스 재배시 착과량이 수체생육 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

천미건(Mi Geon Cheon),김영봉(Yeong Bong Kim),김성란(Seong Ran Kim),이강모(Kang Mo Lee),홍광표(Gwang Pyo Hong),김진국(Jin Gook Kim) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2015 시설원예‧식물공장 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 ‘진옥’ 포도의 안정생산을 위하여 무가온 하우스에서 착과량을 조절하여 2012년부터 2014년까지 3년간 수체생육 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 처리내용은 10a 기준으로 1.3t, 1.8t, 2.2t, 2.4t, 2.6t의 5처리로 하였다. 시험결과 신초경, 신초장, 절간장 등은 처리간 비슷한 경향이었다. 숙기는 착과량이 많아 질수록 늦어지는 경향이었으며, 포도 ‘진옥’ 무가온 하우스 재배시 노지보다 수확기를 3주 정도 앞당길 수 있었다. 착과량이 많아질수록 수량은 많아졌으나, 평균과중은 착과량이 많을수록 작아져서 10a당 1.3t 착과한 처리구는 363g으로 가장 컸으며, 10a당 2.6t 착과한 처리구가 342g으로 가장 작았다. 가용성 고형물 함량은 착과량이 많아질수록 낮아지는 경향이었다. 수확 후 착과량에 따른 엽 및 신초내 무기성분 함량은 처리간 비슷한 경향이었다. 따라서 포도 ‘진옥’ 품종은 착과량이 2.4t/10a 이하이면 생산량에 따라 품질차이가 없으며, 가용성 고형물 함량 15°Bx 이상의 고품질 포도를 생산 할 수 있었으며, 위의 결과를 토대로 새롭게 육성된 ‘진옥’ 포도의 지속적인 고품질 안전생산을 통하여 농가 소득증진에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to investigate optimal crop loads of ‘Jinok’ grape for unheated plastic house culture. The crop loads of ‘Jinok’ grapes were managed to be 1.3, 1.8, 2.2, 2.4, and 2.6t per 10a from 2012 to 2014. We measured vine growth and berry qualities. Crop loads were not significantly affected on plant height, trunk diameter, shoot length, and the internode length of ‘Jinok’. However, the maturation of berries was delayed when the crop load was higher. And the harvest date was earlier about three weeks in an unheated plastic house compared to in an open field. The average berry weight was decreased by the higher crop load although higher crop loads made higher yields showing the lowest weight at 342g with the treatment of 2.6t per 10a and the highest weight at 363g with the treatment of 1.3t per 10a. Also, the soluble solids content showed a tendency that higher crop loads brought to lower degree Brix. The contents of P, K, Ca, and Mg in grape leaves and shoots were not significantly different by crop loads. To sum up, when crop loads were under the 2.4t per 10a, the berries were harvested as a marketable fruit having 15°Brix in the cultivar ‘Jinok’ grape. This result could help to increase grower’s benefit having improved quality of fruit for the sustainable production by the established cultivation techniques for the newly developed cultivar ‘Jinok’.

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