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Pb(${Mg_{1/3}}{Nb_{2/3}}$)$O_3$계 고용체의 B자리 양이온 질서배열구조
차석배,김병국,제해준 한국세라믹학회 2000 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.37 No.5
Single phae Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-based solid solutions, the Mg2+ of which are replaced by 20mol% of Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and the Pb2+ of which are replaced by 0∼20 mol% of La3+, were synthesized and their ordering structures of B-site cations were investigated by XRD and TEM. The B'-site cations (Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Cd2+) are disordered while these B'-site cations and the B"-site cations (Nb5+) are nonstoichiometrically 1:1 ordered within the ordered nano-domains dispersed in the Nb5+-rich disordered matrix. The charge imbalance between the B'-rich ordered nano-domains and the B"-rich disordered matrix are compensated by the doping of electron donor such as La3+, which enhances the degree of nonstoichiometric 1:1 ordering. For a given La3+ content, the degree of nonstoichiometric 1:1 ordering increases as the average ionic size difference between the B'-and B"-site cations increases, Ni2+<Zn2+<Cd2+.
차석기 아시아기술혁신학회 2023 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.12 No.2
In the paper of ‘Natural Selection Favors AIs over Humans,’ Dan Hendrycks applies principles of Darwinian evolution to forecast potential trajectories of AI development. He proposes that competitive pressures within corporate and military realms could lead to AI replacing human roles and exhibiting self-interested behaviors. However, such claims carry the risk of oversimplifying the complex issues of competition and natural selection without clear criteria for judging whether AI is selfish or altruistic, necessitating a more in-depth analysis and critique. Other studies, such as ‘'The Threat of AI and Our Response: The AI Charter of Ethics in South Korea,’ offer diverse opinions on the natural selection of artificial intelligence, examining major threats that may arise from AI, including AI’s value judgment and malicious use, and emphasizing the need for immediate discussions on social solutions. Such contemplation is not merely a technical issue but also significant from an ethical standpoint, requiring thoughtful consideration of how the development of AI harmonizes with human welfare and values. It is also essential to emphasize the importance of cooperation between artificial intelligence and humans. Hendrycks’s work, while speculative, is supported by historical observations of inevitable evolution given the right conditions, and it prompts deep contemplation of these issues, setting the stage for future research focused on AI safety, regulation, and ethical considerations.
Attenuation of Extracellular Acidic pH-induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Nitric Oxide
차석호,Ji Eun Park,Jin-Oh Kwak,Hyun-Woo Kim,김종봉,이광윤,차영남 한국분자세포생물학회 2005 Molecules and cells Vol.19 No.2
Corneal endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining the transparency and ionic balance of the cornea. Inflammation causes many changes in the intracellular and extracellular environment of the cornea, including acidosis. We examined the relationship between changes in extracellular pH and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. When extracellular pH ([pH]o) was reduced to pH 6.4, COX-2 mRNA increased, with a peak at 2 h. This was blocked by pretreatment with actinomycin D and incubation with spermine NONOate (SPER/NO, a nitric oxide donor). Exposure to the H+ ionophore, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), also raised COX-2 mRNA levels. CCCP-induced COX- 2 mRNA expression was also reduced by SPER/NO. These results were confirmed immuno-cytochemically. These data demonstrate that COX-2 expression is stimulated by the lowering of extracellular pH that could result from bacterial infection, and that this is countered by over-production of nitric oxide, which could also result from bacterial infection.
차석일(Sukil Cha),김현희(Hyunhee Kim),송준홍(Junhong Song),이형석(Hyoungseok Lee),신동규(Dongkyoo Shin),신동일(Dongil Shin) 한국정보과학회 2002 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.29 No.2Ⅰ
현재 대부분의 XML 기반 e-Business 프레임워크의 연구 및 지원은 개별적인 구성 컴포넌트의 세부 설계 기법 및 구현 방법 개발에만 집중되어 있는 것이 현실이다. 과거와는 달리 보안 요소가 부가적인 요구 사항이 아닌 핵심 개발 요소라는 인식이 확대되어 가는 과정에 있다. 인터넷 보안기술 중 공개키 암호화 시스템을 이용해 향상된 보안 수준을 제공하기 위한 기반 기술인 PKI는 각종 응용 시스템 및 전자상 거래 기반 기술로서 현재 가장 중요한 기술로 인식되고 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 XML기반 차세대 PKI기술인 XKMS 보안 모듈 설계를 통해 웹 서비스에 보다 안전한 보안 서비스를 제공하기 위한 방안을 연구한다.