법과 통화정책 -어느 실무가의 메모

조홍균 ( Hong Kyoon Cho ) 한국법정책학회 2010 법과 정책연구 Vol.10 No.3

The pursuit of central banking can be in harmony with the goals of law. Legal perspectives in central banking derive their rationale and significance from the closely related nature of these two areas. In recent years, there has come a practical recognition that central banking requires an interdisciplinary approach; modern monetary policy has become a task requiring the contemplation from an overall perspective of economic, socio-political, human, and other such factors; central bank policy-makers are faced more seriously than ever before with the issue of the institutional framework. Markets are crucially underpinned both by the monetary system and by the legal system which are represented by the central bank and the supreme court, respectively. In effect, a cross study of institutional arrangements could be addressed with respect to comparative perspectives. American institutions possess more goal independence than European institutions in that they have greater discretion to act between multiple conflicting pursuits. The American model and the European model both have their particular pros and cons, in terms of democracy, efficiency, independence, accountability, transparency, and politicization, leaving room for compromise among these diverse values, particularly with regard to the institutional design. Approaches to central banking and law may be concerned with three essential and ultimate consequences of central banking: monetary policy objectives, monetary policy instrumentalities, and central bank governance. From these concerns implications can be derived for the institutional design.

통화정책 목표에 대한 법제적 접근의 모색

조홍균 ( Kyoon Cho Hong ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2010 고려법학 Vol.0 No.59

Concerning the macroeconomic objectives of monetary policy, the European model has taken a hierarchical mandate having limited discretion, while the American model has assumed a dual mandate having wide discretion. In terms of political/social demand, the American model allows for the exercise of flexibility and hence has strength provided that the central bank exhibits great competence in the exercise of its institutional capacity. Central banks could consider both models in answering concerns over the reform of institutional arrangements providing the capacity to adapt to changing circumstances and heightened uncertainties. Financial stability is of vital interest to central banks. Even in countries where financial stability is not an explicit statutory objective, central banks in practice take it into account as an important factor; they recognize it as a social imperative. Thus the basic issue can be stated as being how much weight central banks should attach to financial stability as an objective vis-a-vis other macroeconomic objectives. In addressing monetary policy objectives, a central bank possessing the requisite expertise and specialization may seek flexible interpretation with respect to the extent of delegation by the legislature if such an interpretation is reasonable or permissible. The central bank might seek proceedings to confirm the legislative intent through dialogue with the legislature. Central bank decision-makers may be considered to have the authority to rely on rule-making to resolve policy issues. The openness, accessibility, and amenability of unelected central bank decision-makers to the needs and ideas of the public from whom their ultimate authority derives would serve to secure the legitimacy of the rule-making. The expertise, experience, and specialization of the central bank are presumed to be sufficient to ensure that the "zone of twilight" issue, where concurrent authority exists or where the distribution of authority is uncertain, is addressed appropriately in view of the imperatives of events and contemporary imponderables.

대학의 장애학생 편의시설 실태 및 향후 방향에 관한 연구

조홍중(Cho Hong Joong),강수균(Kang Soo Kyoon) 한국재활과학회 2005 難聽과 言語障碍 Vol.28 No.1

  Since building structure and walking facilities in a road are generally designed for the non-disabled, they become an physical obstacle to the disabled"s movement and activity. It is urgently needed to improve lack of life environment which restricts the disabled"s activity and establish the disabled"s right of access in order for them to fully participate and be integrated as a social member.<BR>  In the improvement of the access to social environment, excluding or discriminating the disabled is to restrict the disabled"s right of happiness in the dignity of man. Establishing the disabled"s right of access to improve their quality of life is the most fundamental condition and necessary matter for them to participate and be integrated in society.<BR>  Hence this study examined the actual state of education and welfare facilities for the disabled in order for college to establish disabled students" right of learning through improving educational conditions such as building convenient facilities.<BR>  According to this study, college leaves much to be desired in physical and institutional environment for disabled students and thereby disabled students" right to access has been restricted in several sides. Thus, college must improve lack of educational environment which restricts disabled students" activity, and guarantee their right of learning through administrative support and improvement of educational conditions for disabled students to fully participate and be integrated as a social member.

학교의 성교육에 관한 연구동향

조홍중 ( Hong Joong Cho ),강수균 ( Soo Kyoon Kang ) 한국동서정신과학회 2004 동서정신과학 Vol.7 No.1

With complicated and diverse society these days, the information about sexuality is flooded and many behaviors related to the expression of sexual desire are on the rise as a social problem. Since sexuality has been regarded shameful in Korea, making it public has been tabooed and this traditional idea has swayed society. In other words, the traditional idea was formed through social convention that considers sex as the subject of inhibition and control, leading to exclusive culture about sex traditionally. Even such a social and cultural characteristic has affected the whole curricula in school. Because of this social and cultural characteristic, the emphasis on the need of sex education in school has difficulty in practice. Human being`s sexuality includes a variety of aspects: reproduction which leaves offspring; and pleasure, sociality, and mentality which satisfy sexual desire. The sex education conducted in school is the course of instructing the matter of reproduction and sexual behavior and delivering the moral value of sex. There are many different views about how the course is achieved according to researchers. This study examines that how we see sex education as a part of human education in consideration of the actual conditions of the Western countries and discusses the sex education conducted in school.

노화에 대한 인식연구(Ⅰ) : 대구지역 대학생을 중심으로

강수균,조홍중 한국동서정신과학회 2002 동서정신과학 Vol.5 No.1

현대사회는 인간을 사회조직의 일부분으로 종속시킴으로써 인간소외의 현상을 초래하게 되고 노인이 대가족 속에서 존경을 받고 있는 전통은 오늘날 핵가족 형태로 변화하면서 사라져 가고 있다. 이러한 현상은 도시화와 산업화가 헐연관계의 중요성을 약화시켰다. 노인은 현대사회에 있어서 재산이나, 개인적 성공 등에 너무 높은 가치를 두고 있는 이익 지향적인 사회에서 노인은 사회체제 기능 유지에 있어서 중요성이 저하되기 때문에 노인은 존경의 대상이 되지 못하고, 수입과 재원이 빈약하기 때에 경제적으로도 의존적으로 되고 있다. 노인의 육체적, 정신적 질병률은 나이가 들수록 증가하고 있고, 노인들의 육체적 능력의 감소는 정신적인 의존도를 높이고 있다. 이 와 같이 노인들은 경제적 육체적 한계 때문에 의존할 수밖에 없는 상황이 되고, 이 때 가족이 1차적인 지원자가 된다. 그러나 한국사회에 있어서 1960년대 이후 본격화된 도시화와 산업화로 인하여 종적 가부장적 가족제도가 변화하게 되었고 이러한 가부장적 가족제도의 변화는 전통적 노인부양의식의 약화로 이어 졌다. 한국 사회에 있어서 전통적으로 노인은 가정 내에서 경제적이나 의사결정 등에서 중요한 역할을 해왔으나, 사회, 경제, 문화적 여건의 변화와 여건에 노인의 지위는 점차 약화되고 있다. 본 조사에서도 노인의 가정에서의 역할은 축소되고 소외당하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. By subordinating the human to a part of social organization, the modern society brings about human alienation. The tradition in which the aged are held in respect in the system of extended family is disappearing with the change into nuclear family now. This situation, weakens the importance of blood relation. As the modern society becomes materialized where wealth and personal success are greatly valued, the aged are treated as unimportant in maintaining the function of social system. Thus, they cannot be held in respect any more and become economically dependent because of their decreased financial income. As the aged age, their chances to suffer from physical and mental diseases become increased. The weaker they become physically, the stronger their tendency to mentally dependent. Their physical and economical limitation causes them to depend greatly on their families as a primary supporters. However, the urbanization and the industrialization in Korea have been accelerated since 1960s and this resulted in the change in the vertical patriarchy. Finally it led to the weakened traditional idea of supporting the aged. This study suggested that the aged in Korea used to play an important role in the traditional society with their economic power and the decision-making roles at home, while their status is getting weaker with the societal, economical, and cultural changes. Further more, their roles are reduced and they are alienated at home.

노인성 언어재활 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초연구 -노인의 삶의 질 개선을 위한 설문지 구안을 중심으로

강수균,김동연,석동일,조홍중,최경회 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2000 再活科學硏究 Vol.16 No.1

최근 의학의 발달과 영양 수준의 향상으로 평균 수명이 급격히 연장되고, 소산(小産)에 따른 연소인구의 감소로 고령자(노인성 질환자)의 상대적 인구 구성비는 점차 중가하고 있다. 고령화사회 (aging society)는 21세기에 들어서서 본격화되기 때문에 현재부터 21새기초까지는 고령화된 사회의 과도기이며, 고령화된 사회를 위한 기초 준비를 하는 시대라고 볼 수 있다. 21세기에 이르는 동안 우리는 장기적으로 고령사회(aged society)를 위한 충분한 대옹책을 마련하지 않으면 안 된다. 고령자의 기본적 요구로 경제적 안정, 직업적 안정, 가족 관계의 안정과 주택의 보장, 의료와 건강의 보장, 교육의 기회, 사회적 협동의 기회, 문화 ·오락의 기회 둥이 필요하다. 따라서 이러한 요구를 충족시킴으로써 노인의 삶의 질(Quality of Life : QOL)이 향상될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고령자의 삶의 질을 규정하는 요인을 구명(짼탯)하기 위한 일련의 질문항목을 구성 하였다. 본 질문항목은 5개 조사 총 189항목과 인터덜(6개 항목)로 구성되었다. 5개 조사는 기초조사(20항목), 일상생활동작(Activities of Daily Living;ADL)에 관한 조사(43항목), 노인성질환자의 지원욕구에 관한 조사(뽀항목), 노인의 실용의사소통에 관한 조사(Communication Abilities in Daily Living Test ; CADLT-34항목), 삶의 질에 관한 조사(64항목)이다. The longer average life span, due to recent medical development and nutritional improvement, and the reduced youth population, from having small number of children, make the proportion of the elderly(elderly people with diseases) to the population relatively large. The aging society is a recent trend and thus it is a transition and preparation period for the aging society from now until the early 21st century. We have to prepare a sufficient and prolonged plan for the aging society in the 21st century. Elderly people's(elderly people with diseases) basic requirements are economical stability, occupational steadiness, stable relationships with their families, guaranteed housing, insured medicine and health services, education opportunities, social collaboration activities, and leisure opportunities. As a result of meeting these requirements, elderly people's quality of life(QOL) will improve. The purpose of the study was to make questionnaires and examine factors to improve elderly people' s(elderly people with diseases) QOL. This survey includes 5 questionnaires with 189 items and interviews with 6 items. The 5 questionnaires are Basic Questionnaire(20 items), Activities of Daily Living(ADL, 43 items), Support Needs of Elderly People with Diseases(28 items), Communication Abilities in Daily Living Test(CADLT, 34 items), and QO (64 items).

자폐아동을 위한 보완·대체의사소통체계의 적용에 대한 인식조사

조홍중,강수균 한국동서정신과학회 2003 동서정신과학 Vol.6 No.1

자폐아동을 위한 보완·대체 의사소통체계의 적용에 대한 연구는 특수교육 분야에 있어서 비교적 최근 활발하게 연구되고 있는 분야이다. 특히 중증자폐아동은 조음 그 자체보다는 화용론적인 면의 곤란이 더 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 중증자폐아동의 경우에는 단순히 보완·대체 의사소통체계를 적용함으로써 의사소통의 문제가 해결되는 것이 아니라 보완·대체의사소통체계의 사용방법과 더불어 의사소통의 기본원리에 대한 이해가 전제되어야 한다. 본 조사에서는 의사소통에 있어서 문제가 되고 있는 중증자폐아동을 담당하고 있는 특수학교 교사가 보완·대체의사소통체계에 대해서 어느 정도의 지식을 필요로 하고 있으며, 실제로 현장에서 어느정도 활용하고 있는가, 그리고 중증자폐아동의 보완·대체의사소통체계의 적용에 있어서 저해요인은 무엇인가 등을 검토함으로써 특수학교교사 양성을 위한 기초자료를 얻는 것을 목표로 한다. A study on the application of augmentative and alternative communication(AAC) for the children with autism has increased comparatively lately in a special education field. In particular, the difficulty in pragmatics of children with severe autism become an issue rather than their articulation itself. Thus children with severe autism may not solve their communication problem by simply applying AAC. In addition to using ACC, their research should presuppose the understanding of the basic principle of communication. The purpose of this study was to obtain basic materials for training special school teachers by examining how much knowledge of ACC special school teachers, who teach children with severe autism, especially a communication problem, have, their practical use in the field, and what is hindrance factors in applying children with severe autism to ACC.