개인 노출량 조사를 통한 한국인의 극저주파 자기장 노출 수준

정준식,김근영,홍승철,조용성,김윤신,Jung, Joon-Sig,Kim, Keun-Young,Hong, Seung-Cheol,Cho, Yong-Sung,Kim, Yoon-Shin 한국환경보건학회 2012 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.38 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to estimate the exposure level to extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-MF) among a selected Korean population using 24-hour personal exposure measurement. Methods: Participants were randomly selected for the measurement of MF exposure under the assumption that the subjects are representative of the overall Korean population. Levels of personal exposure to MF were measured according to the subject's daily activities. Results: The 24-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 250 participants was $1.56{\pm}4.56$ mG (GM, GSD: 0.79, 2.46 mG). Personal exposure levels for females were higher than for males. The highest personal exposure level was shown in the age group between 20-60 years old. Personal exposure levels according to job category were higher for the non-occupational group than for the occupational group. Conclusions: Our results showed MF exposure exceeding 2 mG per day among 11.3% of the Korean population, indicating a somewhat higher percentage compared to the EMF RAPID Program's results for the U.S population.

일부 학교 건축물의 석면함유 건축자재(ACM) 특성과 위해등급에 관한 연구

정준식(Jung, Joon-sig),박형규(Park, Hyung-kyu),송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk),이원정(Lee, Won-jeong),김윤신(Kim, Yoon-shin),전형진(Jeon, Hyung-jin) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.7

본 연구의 목적인 우리나라 일부 학교의 석면함유 건축자재을 조사하고 EPA AHERA rule과 ASTM rule을 적용하여 위해성평가를 실시하였다. 총 100개 학교를 2010년 1월부터 12월까지 조사하였다. 건축년도에 따른 ACM 검출율은 1980년대 이전 건축물은 100%, 1990년대 이전은 94.1%, 2000년대 이전은 100%, 2000대 이후는 62.5%로 나타났다. 학교별 ACM 검출율은 유치원과 고등학교는 100%, 초등학교는 97.1%, 중학교는 92.9%, 특수학교 는 80%로 나타났다. 천장 텍스는 2∼8 %의 백석면과 갈석면, 밤라이트 보드는 6∼11 %의 백석면이 검출되었다. 또한 개스 킷과 슬레이트 지붕은 각각 16∼17 %, 10∼13 %의 백석면이 검출되었다. EPA AHERA rule을 이용하여 ACM의 위해성 평가를 실시한 결과, 모든 건축자재는 “Pool” 등급이 나왔으며, ASTM rule 평가에서는 모든 ACM이 “Q&M program”이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this study is to investigate the distribution of asbestos containing materials and to evaluate risk assessment method in some schools, Korea. For the survey on ACM risk assessment, we used both EPA AHERA rule and ASTM rule. We investigated 100 schools between January and December in 2010. Detection rate of the ACM according to construction year showed that before 1980’s, 1990’s, 2000’s, after 2000’s buildings were 100%, 94.1%, 100% and 62.5%, respectively. Compared with school types, detection rate of the ACM in Kindergarten, Elementary, Middle, High, Special Education schools were 100%, 97.1%, 92.9%, 100%, 80%, respectively. Ceiling textiles contained chrysolite/mixed amosite(2∼8 %) and wall cement flat boards contained chrysolite(6∼11 %). Also, gasket contained chrysolite(16∼17 %), slate roof contained chrysolite(10∼13 %). In this study, risk assessment EPA AHERA rule of ACM showed that all materials were “Pool” grade. And, ASTM rule risk assessment showed that all materials were “Q&M program” grade.

우리나라 초등학교의 라돈농도 분포 특성에 관한 연구

정준식(Joon-sig Jung),유주희(Ju-hee Yoo),이규선(Kyu-sun Lee),이재원(Jae-won Lee),심인근(In-Keun Shim),서수연(Soo-yun Seo),권명희(Myung-hee Kwon) 한국생활환경학회 2016 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.23 No.5

The purpose of this study was to assess radon distribution and to evaluate seasonal radon characteristics at elementary schools. We investigated 580 elementary schools from January in 2008 to May in 2009, every three months(seasonal) during one year using alpha-track detector. The concentration of indoor radon concentration for all elementary schools was 98.4±102.7B q/m3 (GM: 73.7Bq/㎥), and a total of 89 elementary schools (15.3%) exceeded the recommended standards (148 Bq/㎥) for schools by the Ministry of Education, Korea. In the case of GW and BS district, they showed 156.8±146.6 Bq/㎥ (GM: 119.2 Bq/㎥) and 35.4±19.1 Bq/m3 (GM: 32.0 Bq/㎥), respectively. Radon concentration at winter-season were 1.11-2.06 (adjusted geometric mean) times higher than that of the other seasons(spring, summer, autumn), respectively (p<0.01). In addition, as for distribution of radon concentration based on seasons, the radon concentration showed the highest concentration in winter in all district. This study indicates the result of radon concentration of district and seasonal characteristics. It will provide useful data for the determination of radon management and reduction at the elementary schools.

고소음 건설기계 굴삭기의 소음도 현황 분석

정준식(Joon Sig Jung),박형규(Hyung-Kyu Park) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9

공사장에서 운용하는 건설기계에서 발생하는 소음은 인근 주민들과 환경 분쟁의 주요 원인이 된다. 공사장 소음저감을 위해 저소음 건설기계의 사용과 저소음 공법을 우선적으로 사용하도록 하고 있다. 아울러 발생 가능한 소음을 예측하고 소음원에 맞는 예방책을 세우도록 하고 있다. 공사 전 과정에서 다양하게 사용되는 건설기계의 소음도 수준을 정확하게 파악하는 것은 소음 예측 및 저감 대책을 세우는데 가장 먼저 선행되어야할 과제이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 공사장에서 사용빈도가 가장 높은 굴삭기 소음도 현황을 분석하였다. 그 방법으로 2008년 이후 국내 판매되는 굴삭기 297기의 소음도 현황 분석하였고, 측정 자료를 기초로 굴삭기 엔진의 형식과 출력(kW) 그리고 생산지에 따라 소음도 수준을 구분해 보았다. 그 결과 엔진의 형식 변화에 따라 소음도는 1 dB(A) 씩 감소하였고, 엔진의 출력이 2배 증가하면 소음도는 약 3 dB(A) 정도 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 엔진 출력에 따라 국외 제품은 55 kW 미만의 소형급, 국내 제품은 55 이상 ∼ 104 미만 kW 중 · 소형급 제품에서 소음도 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. The noise generated by construction machinery operating at construction sites is a major cause of environmental disputes with nearby residents. To reduce construction site noise, low noise construction machinery and low noise methods are recommended to be used first. In addition, the possible noise should be predicted and preventive measures suitable for the noise source should be taken. This study analyzed the sound power level of an excavator, which is used most frequently at construction sites. The sound power level of 297 excavators sold in Korea after 2008 were analyzed and the sound power level was classified according to the type, output (kW), and production site of the excavator engine based on the measured data. As a result, the sound power level decreased by 1 dBA depending on the change in engine type and the sound power level increased by approximately 3 dB (A) when the engine output was doubled. In addition, the sound power level was low in small-sized products of less than 55 kW for overseas products and medium and small-sized products of 55 to 104 kW for domestic products.

일부 학교 교실의 실내공기질 특성에 관한 연구

정준식(Jung, Joon-sig),박덕신(Park, Duck-Shin),전형진(Jeon, Hyung-jin),송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk),이민종(Lee, Min-jong) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.5

본 연구는 우리나라 일부 학교의 실내공기질 현황을 조사 및 평가하고, 학생들이 쾌적한 교육 환경에서 생활할 수 있는 관리 방안으로 활용하는데 기여하고자 한다. 학교별 실내공기질를 분석한 결과, 일부학교의 경우 PM10은 학교보건법 기준 농도인 100 ㎍/㎥을 초과한 것으로 나타났다. CO₂는 고등학교가 초등학교와 중학교의 농도보다 각각 1.18배, 1.06배 높 은 수준으로 나타났으며(p<0.01), 일부 학교에서 학교보건법 기준 농도인 1,000 ppm을 초과한 곳도 일부 있는 것으로 나타났 다. HCHO는 학교별로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. TBC는 초등학교가 중학교와 고등학교보다 각각 1.23배, 1.33배 높은 수준을 보였으나(p<0.01), 전체적으로 학교보건법 기준 농도인 800 CFU/㎥ 이하의 농도 수준을 보였다. 전체학교의 교실 (Classroom)과 비교실(Non-classroom)의 농도비를 분석한 결과, PM₁₀은 1.06, CO₂는 1.04, HCHO는 0.62, TBC는 1.16으로 나 타났다. The aim of this study is to analyze the IAQ concentrations of school rooms. In this study we measured and characterized IAQ at 440 school rooms from May 2009 to November 2012. At some school rooms, the PM10 concentrations exceeded the IAQ guidelines (100 ㎍/㎥) of the Ministry of Education. CO₂ concentrations at high schools were 1.18 and 1.06 times higher than that of the elementary and middle schools, respectively. CO₂ concentrations of some school rooms were exceeded the IAQ guidelines (1,000 ppm). Moreover, TBC concentrations at elementary school rooms were 1.23 and 1.33 times higher than that of the middle schools and high schools, respectively. TBC and HCHO concentrations did not exceed the IAQ guidelines. The classroom/non-classroom ratio of PM₁₀ was 1.06, while that CO₂ was 1.04, HCHO was 0.62, and TBC was 1.16.

고압 송전선로에서 극저주파 자기장 영향평가 적용에 관한 연구

정준식 ( Joon Sig Jung ),최성호 ( Sung Ho Choi ),전형진 ( Hyung Jin Jeon ),김윤신 ( Yoon Shin Kim ),홍승철 ( Seung Cheol Hong ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigated the ELF-MF emission level of various environments such as 258 facilities near located to high voltage transmission lines and 120 high voltage transmission lines, 17 underground cable lines. In addition, ELF-MF reduction rate according to separation distance was calculated by using simulations.An appropriate separation distance showing below 4mG was at least 70m. In the case of the appropriate separation distance for 120 high voltage transmission lines, 154kV required 20m of separation distance and 345kV required 60m of separation distance. The simulation results showed that the appropriate separation distance showing below 4mG was 40m and 60m for overhead 154kV and 345kV respectively. To adjust the worst conditions considering the aspects of environmental impact assessment study and the electric power currents that will increase in the future, the appropriate minimum separation distance for HVTL is judged to be above 70m in this study. Thus, there is a need to establish the greenbelt or buffer zone within 70m so as to create an environment in which the receptors are not exposed and thereby eliminate the risk factors of ELF-MF against humans.

일부 실내공간에서 PM10과 CO₂의 농도 특성에 관한 연구

정준식(Jung, Joon-sig),박덕신(Park, Duck-Shin),김종범(Kim, Jong bum),송혜숙(Song, Hyea-suk),박형규(Park, Hyung-kyu) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.6

본 연구에서는 2008년 8월부터 2012년 12월 까지 경기도 수원, 안산, 화성 등 초등학교 286곳을 대상으로 교실에서의 PM10 및 CO₂ 농도 현황을 조사하고, 환경적 특성을 파악하여 초등학교 학생들의 건강에 영향을 미치는 학교 실내공기질의 관리 방안으로 활용하고자 한다. 초등학교를 지역별로 구분하여 PM10 농도를 조사한 결과, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이진 않았다. 그러나 지리적 특성에 따라 상대적으로 공단지역에서는 높은 농도를 보였으며, 농촌지역에서는 낮은 농도를 보였다. CO₂ 농도는 각 지역 간 농도 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 연도별 PM10 농도를 분석한 결과, 수원은 2008년, 화성은 2009년에 가장 높은 농도로 나타났다(p<0.01). 안산지역은 2009년에 가장 높은 농도를 보였으나, 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 각 지역 의 연도별 CO₂의 농도를 분석한 결과, 유의한 차이를 보이지 않는 것으로 분석 되었다(p-value = 0.366, 0.730, 0.210). 2008년 가을부터 2012년 겨울까지 PM10와 CO₂의 계절별 시계열 분석 결과, PM10의 경우는 2009년에 높게 나타났으며, 점차적으로 감소하는 경향을 보이다가 2012년에 다시 높아지는 경향을 보였다. CO₂는 연도별로 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 계절별로 는 봄과 겨울기간이 여름철보다 농도가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다. PM10과 CO₂, 건축년도, 학급 평균 인원, 온도, 습도와의 상관성을 분석한 결과, CO₂와 환경적 요인인 온도, 습도와 상관성은 각 -0.329, -0.188로 유의한 음의 상관성을 보였다(p< 0.01) The objective of this study was to investigate PM10 and CO₂ concentrations in the classrooms of 286 elementary schools in Suwon, Ansan, and Hwaseong in the province of Gyeonggi between August 2008 and December 2012. By gaining an understanding of the environmental factors that influence these concentrations, this study also aimed to establish a management plan for indoor air quality in schools, which substantially affects the health of elementary students. When the schools were classified by region, no statistically significant difference in PM10 concentration was observed. However, PM10 concentration was relatively high in industrial areas and low in rural areas. No difference in CO₂ concentration was observed among the surveyed cities. Analysis of annual PM10 concentration showed that the highest values for Suwon and Hwaseong occurred in 2008 and 2009, respectively (p<0.01). In the case of Ansan, the highest concentration occurred during 2009, but the difference was not significant compared to the other years. Analysis of the annual CO₂ concentration of each city shows no significant difference among the cities (p-value=0.366,0.730,0.210). According to a time series analysis of PM10 and CO₂ by season, from autumn 2008 to winter 2012, PM10 concentration was high during 2009, then it gradually decreased until 2012, and started to increase again. While no difference in annual CO₂ concentration was observed, the concentration had a tendency to be higher in spring and winter than in summer. By analyzing the relationship between PM10 and CO₂ and the environmental factors (years of construction, average students of classroom, temperature, and humidity), it showed a significant negative correlation was found between CO₂ and the environmental temperature and humidity, at ?0.329 and ?0.188, respectively (p<0.01).

자연발생석면 지역의 석면 분포 특성 및 환경인자와의 상관성 연구

정준식(Joon-sig Jung),정현성(Hyun-sung Jung),이주영(Ju-yeong Lee),이우석(Woo-seok Lee),권오상(Oh-sang Kwon),김성미(Seong-mi Kim) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Asbestos refer to a special form of certain minerals that consists of long, thin, crystals (fibers) that are particularly strong, flexible, and heat resistant. But, asbestos can cause mesothelioma and lung cancer, the use of asbestos is currently disabled. The objectives of this study are to analyze ambient air and soil asbestos concentrations at naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) areas. Soil asbestos concentrations at quarry and beside areas were higher than other areas. Also, ambient asbestos concentrations at spring season were 10 times higher than summer season. The correlation and multiple regression analysis among airborne asbestos, ambient humidity, soil moisture and wind speed were evaluated. The airborne asbestos concentration is affected to ambient humidity (R = −0.811) and temperature (R = −0.757). Thus, these results can be used for guideline and management methods for naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) areas.

주민센터 건축물의 석면함유 자재 사용 및 위해등급 평가에 관한 연구

정준식(Joon-sig Jung),송혜숙(Hyea-suk Song),김지흔(Ji-heun Kim),이원정(Won-jeong Lee),김윤신(Yoon-shin Kim),전형진(Hyung-jin Jeon) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.3

The aim of this study is to identify the characteristics of asbestos containing materials and risk assessment in Community Service Centes. We investigated 133 CSCs between January and December in 2009. We collected presumed asbestos containing materials according to EPA AHERA, and analyzed it by US EPA method 600/R/116. The airborne samples of CSCs were analyzed by Phase Contrast Microscopy. For the survey on ACM risk assessment, we sed both ASTM rule and Korea ACM risk assessment by the Korea ministry of employment and labor. The results were as follows. Detection rate of the ACM in CSCs showed that before 1970’s, 1970’s, 1980’s, 1990’s, 2000’s buildings were 40%, 100%, 85.7%, 92.3% and 46.4%, respectively. The miscellaneous materials showed that a high detection rate were gasket (100%), wall cement flat board (96.2%) and ceiling textile (74.9%). Ceiling textiles contained chrysolite/amosite (1 and 6%) and cement flat boards contained chrysolite (6 and 15%), gasket contained chrysolite (5 and 40%). The airborne concentration of fiber materials were ranged with 0.003~0.004 f/cc in CSCs by PCM. In this study, ASTM rule of asbestos material showed that 2 materials were “Abatement” grade and 309 materials were “Q&M” grade. And, adjusted Korea ACM risk assessment showed that 36 materials were “Fair” and 278 materials were “Good”. Study results can be used for data of asbestos use and management plane at Community Service Centers.

일일 생활 활동에 따른 일부 학생집단의 극저주파 자기장(ELF-MF) 노출량에 관한 연구

정준식(Joon-Sig Jung),전형진(Hyung-Jin Jeon),최성호(Sung-Ho Choi),송혜숙(Hyea-Suk Song),김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim),홍승철(Seung-Cheol Hong) 한국생활환경학회 2015 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.22 No.2

The objectives of this study was that investigated ELF-MF exposures among the student class(elementary, middle and high school) for 24-hour activity pattern and find out ELF-MF related factors for the exposures. As a result of the evaluations for ELF-MF exposures about the experimental subjects of 87 students, an TWAAM was 1.03mG(TWAGM: 0.59mG). Results for 24-hour ELF-MF exposures according to gender are as follows: female showed that TWAAM and TWAGM were higher than male in 1.49 and 1.14 times respectively. But, there were not statistically significances in individual ELF-MF exposures according to power lines, city types, age, transportation, residential type, residential size and annual incomes. A result of overall ELF-MF exposure levels for the students in all activities was that 93% of the students was exposed bellow 2mG, and 3.45% was exposed to above 4mG. They spent the longest time in sleep at home: This is 465.05 minutes(GM: 450.98 minute). The ELF-MF exposure level was 0.84±2.92mG(GM: 0.30mG). Thus, these results can be used for data of students ELF-MF level and prevent ELF-MF exposure from the living environment sources.