환청에 대한 인지행동반응

정영철,은홍배,황익근,정상근,김영현,Chung, Young Chul,Eun, Hong Bai,Hwang, Ik Keun,Chung, Sang Keun,Kim, Young Hyen 대한생물정신의학회 1996 생물정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

환청을 보이는 정신분열증 환자 27명을 대상으로 환청의 특성(주체, 내용, 환청에 대한 이해, 환청의 심한 정도), 환청에 대한 인지행동반응의 내용 및 그 빈도, good/fair copers와 poor copers의 환청의 특성 및 인지행동반응의 비교, 세가지 변인에 따른 인지행동반응의 차이를 살펴봄으로서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 환청의 주체는 모르는 사람, 내용은 박해적인 것, 감정반응은 부정적인 것과 혼합된 것, 그리고 환청에 대한 이해는 정신역동적인 것이 가장 많았다. 2) 환청에 대한 반응중 가장 많이 사용된 인지반응은 억압, 무시와 같은 건강한 반응이었으며 가장 많이 사용된 행동반응은 생리적 각성을 증가시키는 반응이었다. 3) Good/fair copers 의 특징은 poor copers에 비하여 환청의 정도가 경하고 또 환청에 대한 병식이 있는 사람들이 많다는 것이었으며 인지행동반응에 있어서도 무반응이나 몰두와 같은 건강치 못한 인지반응과 탐닉이나 증상적 행동과 같은 건강치 못한 행동반응은 훨씬 적게, 그리고 생리적 각성을 증가시키는 건강한 행동반응은 훨씬 많이 사용하고 있었다. 4) 세가지 변인 중에서 환청에 대한 병식유무가 인지행동반응의 차이를 결정 짖는 가장 중요한 요인임을 시사 받을 수 있었다. 상기 결과는 환청을 경험하는 정신분열증 환자들이 단순히 피해자로서 수동적으로 머물러 있는 것이 아니라 이질적이고 침투적인 현상을 나름대로 받아들이고 극복하기 위하여 다양한 대응방식을 보이게 되며 이와 같은 대응방식의 형태 및 그 빈도를 결정짖는 중요한 요인이 환청에 대한 이해일 수 있음을 시사해 주고 있다. We investigated the characteristics of cognitive-behavioral response to auditory hallucinations in 27 schizophrenic patients. The results were as follows : 1) The most frequent cognitive and behavioral response was healthy cognitive one such as suppression or ignoring and increasing physiological arousal, respectively. 2) The characteristics of auditory hallucinations in good/fair copers was that if was more likely to be mild in severity and insight-oriented And increasing physiological arousal was used more frequently in good/fair copers and unhealthy cognitive-behavioral response was used more frequently in poor copers. 3) Out of 3 variables(duration, insight and severity of auditory hallucinations), the insight of auditory hallucinations was the only factor which made difference in unhealthy cognitive response. In conclusion, there were quite a diverse and unique cognitive-behavioral response to auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia.

해마와 정신분열병

정영철,Chung, Young Chul 대한생물정신의학회 2003 생물정신의학 Vol.10 No.1

Schizophrenics suffer not only psychotic symptoms but also cognitive deficits such as an attentional difficulty, memory impairment, poor abstraction, etc. These cognitive abnormalities have been reported to be significantly related to the social and occupational outcome in schizophrenia. Thus, it is important to explore the cause and pathophysiology for the cognitive abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia. In this regard, hippocampus is one of the most promising brain areas to search for the clue because it is closely involved in memory related function. In fact, during the past several decades, there have been extensive studies supporting hippocampal abnormalities as a cause of schizophrenia in both clinical and preclinical field. In this review, basic anatomical knowledge about hippocampus and major findings of preclinical and clinical studies which investigated the correlation between schizophrenia and hippocampus were highlighted. The contents are 1) anatomical structure of hippocampus, 2) neuronal pathway and receptor distribution in hippocampus, 3) function of hippocampus, 4) hippocampal animal model for schizophrenia, 5) hippocampus-related studies on antipsychotic drugs, and 6) clinical studies in hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia.

Effect of Pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP on the Haloperidol-Induced Extracellular Dopamine Concentrations in the Nucleus Accumbens of Rats

정영철,은홍배,황익근,박태원,Chung, Young-Chul,Eun, Hong-Bae,Hwang, Ik-Keun,Park, Tae-Won The Korean Society of Biological Psychiatry 2001 생물정신의학 Vol.8 No.1

Objectives : To investigate the effects of (-)-3-PPP(0.5, 2, and 10mg/kg, s.c.) and haloperidol(0.1, 0.5, and 2mg/kg, s.c.) on the extracellular dopamine concentrations, and the effect of pretreatment with (-)-3-PPP(2mg/kg) on the haloperidol(2mg/kg)-induced extracellular dopamine concentrations in the nucleus accumbens(NAS) of free moving rats. Methods : Dopamine levels in dialysate were determined with high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC) with electrochemical detection(ECD). Results : (1)(-)-3-PPP had dual actions depending on the doses: at 2mg/kg, it decreased and at 10mg/kg, increased extracellular dopamine concentrations ; (2) haloperidol at all doses increased dopamine levels with higher dose having a greater increase; and (3) pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP reduced the increase in dopamine levels elicited by acute treatment with haloperidol. Conclusions : These findings suggest that pretreatment of (-)-3-PPP in low dose could accelerate the onset of therapeutic effect of haloperidol by diminishing the haloperidol-induced dopamine release in the limbic system.

고온 알칼리성 Bacillus sp. F204의 Cellulase 유전자의 Escherichia coli 및 Bacillus subtilis에의 Cloning 및 발현

정영철,김양우,강신권,노종수,박재현,성낙계,Chung, Young-Chul,Kim, Yang-Woo,Kang, Shin-Kwon,Rho, Jong-Su,Park, Jae-Hyeon,Sung, Nack-Kie 한국식품과학회 1991 한국식품과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

고온, 알칼리성 Bacillus sp. F204의 CMCase 유전자를 pUC19의 HindIII부위에 연결하여 전이된 E.coli 형질전환체 중 2개의 재조합 플라스미드 즉, pBC191과 pBC192를 선발하였는데, 이들은4.6 Kb와 5.8 Kb HindIII 절편을 각각 함유하고 있었다. pBC191의 4.6 Kb HindIII 절편을 BamHI, EcoRI, KpnI, PvuII 부위가 각각 1개씩 존재하였다. Dioxigenin-labeled deoxyuridin-triphosphate에 4.6 Kb 절편을 표식한 것을 probe로 하여 상동성을 검정한 결과 모균주와 강한상동성이 없었고, 면역학적 실험에서도 Bacillus sp. F204 유래임이 인정되었다. pBC191의 4.6 Kb 절편을 E.coli의 발현 벡타인 pKK223-3과 Bacillus vector인 pGR71에 연결시켜 구축한 pKC231과 pGC711은 각각 pBC191에 비하여 효소활성이 3.2배와 2.8배정도 증가되었으며, 그리고 E.coli에서는 대부분 세포내와 periplasmic 분획에서 검출되었다. 기질 특이성을 조사한 결과에 의하면 pBC191과 pBC192는 CMCase gene을 코딩하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. Cellulase genes from thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp. F204 a potent cellulase complex-producing bacterium, were cloned in Escherichia coli with pUC 19. Plasmids pBC191 and pBC192, isolated from transformants forming yellow zone around colony on the LB agar plate containing 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose and ampicillin, contained 4.6 Kb and 5.8 Kb HindIII fragments, respectively. The 4.6 Kb insert of pBC191 had single sites for BamHI EcoRI, KpnI and pvuII. DNA hybridization and immunodiffusion studies showed that pBC191-encoded cellulase gene was homologous with that of host strain. pKC231, constructed by inserting 4.6 Kb insert of pBC191 at the HindIII site of pKK223-3, E. coli expression vector, and pGC711, constructed by inserting 4.6 Kb insert of pBC191 at the HindIII site of pGR71, E. coli and B. subtilis shuttle vector, had 3.2 times and 2.8 times as much cellulase activity as pBC191, respectively. Substrate specificity analysis showed that cellulases cloned were CMCase.

Disulfiram 이식요법에 대한 고찰

정영철,Chung, Young-Chul 대한생물정신의학회 1996 생물정신의학 Vol.3 No.1

The effects of disulfiram implantation therapy have three components : placebo, pharmacological, and psychological effects, However, considering the fact that there is no reported DER(disulfiram-ethanol reaction) in placebo implanted patients and the absorption of implanted disulfiram is not sufficient to produce DER, the major effect of disulfiram implantation is psychological rather than placebo and pharmacological one, Recently, there have been great efforts to develop a new farm of disulfiram which could exert a real pharmacological effect through the heightened bioavailability, To illustrate several examples, there are copolymer consisting of disulfiram and polymer such as polyethylene glycol and PLGA(polyglycolic-co-L-lactic acid) and depot in which disulfiram is dissolved into saline solution containing 5% w/v carboxymethylcellulose or 0.1% polysorbate 80. On the other hand, there has been a continuous research about Me-DTC, an active metabolite of disulfiram, which inhibit ALDH (acetaldehyde dehydrogenase) more potently even at a smaller amount than disulfiram. In the future. In is hoped to develop a new form of disulfiram with high bioavailability at a small amount.

전전두피질과 정신분열병

정영철,은홍배,Chung, Young-Chul,Eun, Hong-Bae 대한생물정신의학회 1998 생물정신의학 Vol.5 No.2

With a rapid development of neuroscience, the theories related to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia have been changed a lot from a simple hyperdopaminergic one to the various complicated ones. Among these, the theories regarding prefrontal cortex(PFC) pathology as a cause of schizophrenia are gaining more recognition as the results of neuroimaging and neuropsychological tests in schizophrenia consistently report abnormalities in PFC. Therefore, we first reviewed the unique characteristics of PFC in anatomy, neurochemistry and neurophysiology to enhance an understanding of those ones. Secondly, various neurotransmitter, neurodevelopmental and neural network theories of schizophrenia introduced recently were reviewed in terms of PFC pathology.

시문을 통해 본 면앙정의 공간구조에 관한 연구

정영철,Chung Young-chul 한국주거학회 2005 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.4

This study aims to find the architectural concepts of Song-Sun and the spatial structure of the Myonangjong through kasa, sijo, and Chinese poems. He considered his place as a ideal place to dwell a secluded life which is surrounded by mountains, and opened to a field in front. That places is connected with geomancy or Feng Sui, and he attached great importance to placeness of the Myonangjong as a pavilion. As his place was called 'tyoro samgan', his place should be simple, and that was harmonized with nature. He regarded his place as a part of the outside space and its surrounding nature. As the pen name of Myonangjong shows that his way of life is very pure so he need not disgrace against the earth and the sky, he considered his building as a place of embodying the Confucian great law of heaven and earth. Myonangjong has a concentric circle structure of the scenery which is viewed panoramically along with the visual direction.

주정중독환자의 혈소판막과 $^{125}I-LSD$ 결합에 관한 연구

정영철,은홍배,Chung, Young Chul,Eun, Hong Bai 대한생물정신의학회 1996 생물정신의학 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 알코올사용장애 환자의 혈소판막에 있는 serotonin수용체가 대조군과 비교했을 때 어떤 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. $_{125}I-LSD$를 radioligand로 사용하여 포화반응을 해 봄으로서 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1) 환자군과 대조군간은 $B_{max}$에 있어서만 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.0017). 2) Type 1군과 type 2군 사이 역시 $B_{max}$에 있어서만 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<0.0396). 3) 알코올남용군과 알코올의존군 사이의 $B_{max}$와 $K_d$는 모두 유의한 차이가 없었다. 위 결과들은 알코올사용장애의 serotonin 결핍가설을 지지해주며 혈소판의 serotonin 수용체 수의 증가가 알코올사용장애의 trait marker가 될 수 있음을 시사해 준다. This research was performed to find out the changes of serotonin receptors in the platelet of alcoholics. Using $_{125}I-LSD$ as a radioligand. We obtained the following results. 1) In the comparison of patients vs controls, $B_{max}$ of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter(P=0.0017). But there was no significant difference in the Kd between the two groups. 2) In the comparison of type 1 vs type 2, alcoholics by cloninger's classification $B_{max}$ of the latter was significantly higher than that of the farmer(P=0.0396). But there was no significant difference in the Kd between the two groups. 3) In the comparison of alcohol abuse vs alcohol dependence, there were no significant differences in the value of $B_{max}$ and Kd between the two groups. These results support the hypothesis of serotonin-deficit in alcoholism. Furthermore, it can be inferred that the increase of platelet serotonin receptors in alcoholics might be used as a trait marker.

남북 관계와 바라봄의정치 시선의 정치와 정당성 경쟁

정영철 ( Young Chul Chung ) 서울대학교 국제문제연구소 2012 세계정치 Vol.16 No.-

After national division, North and South Korea each created ‘its way of looking’ at the other party. This was the process of establishing a self-identity that defines oneself and one`s opponent as ‘good’ and ‘evil.’ The governments of North and South Korea forced this perspective on their respective residents. This ‘politics of gaze’ meant the birth of a dichotomous view of the world and made the ‘social discourse’ supporting its perspective firm. In this manner, the ideologies of North and South Korea, represented as ‘anti-imperialism’ and ‘anti-communism’ during the Cold War era, reflect the ceaseless interdependency of each state`s self-identification. The gaze of North and South Korea has changed according to the flow of history. That is, the gaze over one`s opposite changed with the changes in inter-Korean power relations. Since the 1990s, the South Korean gaze of ‘sympathy and dispensation’ over the North has overlapped with the gaze of ‘salvation and emancipation’ South Korean movements for helping North Korea today lies on such gazes of ‘sympathy and dispensation.’ Meanwhile, the ‘politics of gaze’ in North and South Korea lie in the competition for legitimacy surrounding the nation(minjok) and its politico-economic system. This is because the two Koreas have embodied the national legitimacy and superiority of their own system in their respective points of view. Without the resolution of fundamental matters regarding national division, the competition of gaze between North and South Korea will not easily be resolved.

대북 인식의 프레임과 네트워크: 개성공단 사례를 중심으로

정영철 ( Young Chul Chung ),류석진 ( Seok Jin Lew ),조희정 ( Hee Jung Cho ),임현진 ( Hyun Chin Lim ),김태균 ( Tae Kyoon Kim ),김종원 ( Jong Won Kim ),김한나 ( Han Na Kim ),이헌아 ( Hun A Lee ),임소라 ( So Ra Lim ) 북한연구학회 2013 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.17 No.2

This study analyzes media reports and the network of online public opinion in relation to the issue of Gaeseong Industrial Complex, which is the most representative symbol of inter-Korean relations. The purpose of this study is to understand public awareness about North Korea, based on which production, circulation and spread of information about the issue is analyzed. A frame analysis and social network analysis were conducted on media reports and public opinion provided by Chosun Ilbo, Hangyeore Newspaper, Twitter and Google Trend for 6 months, and found that the tone of media coverage is moving away from Cold War paradigm. However, news production through ideological geography and practices still continues, preventing the public from taking an objective approach to North Korea. As for online comment, only a small numbers without online discussion were found about related news articles, hinting that the public remains in a passive role by adopting the information only than producing it. In detail, more comments were posted on Hangyeore Newspaper than Chosun Ilbo, as well as on Daum portal than Naver portal. On Twitter, independent tweets were less than mentions but increased in line with reopening of the complex, showing that there was a high interest among the public over whether the complex survives. In addition, the network became more activated as time passed. Unlike online comments on media coverage, Twitter indicated that the public are highly concerned about the issue and adopted a more active role by producing and distributing information by themselves. As a result, the public discussion about North Korea and unification is assumed to be more opened and democratized.