치매병태(癡매病態)모델에서 천마(天麻)의 신경세포(神經細胞) 손상(損傷) 보호효과(保護效果)

정영수 ( Young Su Jung ),강재현 ( Jae Hyun Kang ),박세환 ( Se Hwan Prak ),권영미 ( Young Mi Kwon ),김근우 ( Geun Woo Kim ),구병수 ( Byung Soo Koo ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2010 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine from various angles the protective effect of Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB) against nerve cell death induced by β-amyloid by using the cell line SH-SY5Y, which is commonly utilized for toxicity testing in nerve cells, and to find out its mechanism of action. Methods: To begin with, as a result of assessing the rate of cell survival by employing MTT reduction assay, the treatment with β-amyloid at different concentrations caused cytotoxicity, which was inhibited by preprocessing GEB extract. In addition, after β-amyloid was processed with the cell SH-SY5Y, apoptosis progressed, which was reduced effectively by processing GEB extract. Results: When cytotoxicity was caused by using hydrogen peroxide, a representative ROS, in order to examine the antioxidant effect of GEB, its protective effect was also observed. Apart from ROS, reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are also known to play a crucial role in nerve cell death. The treatment with the NO donor SNAP increased the production of nitric oxide and the expression of iNOS, which was also inhibited by GEB extract. Meanwhile, as an attempt to find out the mechanism of action explaining the antioxidant effect, the intracellular antioxidant enzyme expressions were measured by RT-PCR, which showed that GEB extract increased the expressions of heme oxygenase-1, GAPDH and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase. Lastly, GEB extract had a protective effect against impaired memory induced by scopolamine in animal models (in vivo). Conclusions: These findings indicate that GEB has a protective effect against the death of cranial nerve cells, suggesting possibilities for the prevention and treatment of AD.

중앙과 지방정부의 교육에 관한 권한 배분 및 법제화 방안

정영수(Jeong Young Soo),표시열(Pyo Si Yeul),김인희(Kim In Hee),이인희(Lee In Hoi),박수정(Park Soo Jung) 한국교육행정학회 2009 敎育行政學硏究 Vol.27 No.1

민사소송법상 문서소지자와 문서제출의무에 관한 소고

정영수 ( Jung Young Soo ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2022 法學硏究 Vol.32 No.3

Under the Civil Procedure Act, the documentary evidence refers to an investigation of evidence to understand the meaning and content of documents. In any documentary evidence, the method of proof is documentation, and the evidence is the contents of the documentation. In civil litigation, documents are more reliable than witnesses. The document plays its role properly when presented to the court. However, the litigant has difficulty collecting and submitting documents held by others. This article reviews the document submission order system as a means of collecting documents. In particular, this article focuses on the legal meaning of the holder of the document and the confidentiality protection through the use of in-camera procedures. The holder of a document is determined by the criteria of control in the management of the document and control in the submission of the document. It is sufficient for the applicant to prove that it existed in the past and the other party must then prove that it was discarded or lost. The other party shall conduct a sufficient investigation into the existence and possession of the document. Therefore, if a sufficient investigation has not been conducted on the possession of the document or an attitude of not providing a reasonable and convincing explanation of the investigation, the possession of the document may be estimated. The obligation to submit documents is not a civil law obligation, but a public law obligation to the state. The document holder must use the submitted document as evidence to cooperate with the court to discover the truth and implement an appropriate trial. When determining whether the document holder is obligated to submit, the court judges individually and relatively for each case in consideration of the relationship between finding the truth and realizing an appropriate trial. When the court judges whether to submit a document, it is difficult to make a judgment without reading the document. The court may order the document holder to present the document if it is deemed necessary to determine the obligation to submit the document and whether it is an exception. In such cases, the court shall not make such document open to other persons. Regarding such In Camera procedures, there is no special provision other than Article 111 (1) of the Civil Procedure Rules that the court can temporarily keep documents presented by the document holder. Therefore, several operational measures may be considered. If an agreement is reached between the applicant and the holder of the document to allow the disclosure of the document, the court may allow the applicant to submit the document or view the presented document in the In Camera procedure. The above review aims to achieve the ideology of civil litigation by collecting necessary documents through the submission of documents, investigating and revealing the truth of the case.

온택트(Ontact) 시대와 민사재판에서 ODR의 활용 가능성

정영수 ( Jung Young Soo ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2020 法學硏究 Vol.30 No.3

In the ontact era with Corona 19, the way people communicate is changing. The settlement of civil disputes has largely relied on a face-to-face method. It was common for the parties to the dispute to meet face-to-face not only in civil trials, but also in ADR such as reconciliation, mediation, and arbitration. However, people familiar with the digital age hope to use online to resolve disputes quickly. This is especially the case for small or relatively simple cases. ODR is a procedure for resolving disputes through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or trial using computer-mediated communications and other technologies. ODR is gaining popularity because it saves parties time and money. In particular, the satisfaction level is increasing as a result of expanding users' access to autonomous dispute resolution in small claims cases. E-commerce companies such as eBay and Alibaba have been implementing ODR on consumer disputes since many years ago and are striving to provide better service. Foreign courts are attempting to establish a trial process that utilizes ODR. These attempts show that the user-friendly ODR has come to believe that it can increase the speed and economy of court proceedings. For example, the ODR project in the U.S., the CRT in Canada and the Hangzhou Internet Court in China are leading courts to improve the efficiency of dispute resolution. We also need to introduce ODR in the small claims case trial process. However, courts should be cautious in creating an ODR system so that the efficiency of the trial process does not harm fairness. The ICODR standard can serve as a reference for ensuring fairness in the ODR process. And since AI cannot completely replace judges, the use of AI in ODR would be appropriate to support judges.

구강 수술 후 투여 시기에 따른 진통 요법의 효과

정영수(Young-Soo Jung),김문기(Moon-Key Kim),박형식(Hyung-Sik Park),이의웅(Eui-Wung Lee),강정완(Jeong-Wan Kang) 대한치과의사협회 2003 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.41 No.9

비교법연구(比較法硏究) : 소비자도산제도(消費者倒産制度)의 변화(變化)-미국(美國)과 한국(韓國)의 법개정(法改正) 검토(檢討)

정영수 ( Young Soo Jung ) 법조협회 2006 法曹 Vol.55 No.4

미국에서는「2005年 破産濫用防止 및 消費者保護法(Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005)」의 성립으로 인하여 聯邦破産法이 개정되었는데, 소비자도산분야에 있어서 상당한 변화가 예상된다. 주요 개정 내용으로는 신용상담과 채무자교육 의무화, 자동중지의 제한, 州 면제법 적용을 위한 해당지역 2년 거주 요건, 재면책금지기간 연장, 면책대상채권에 대한 재확인합의 요건의 엄격화, 비면책채권 범위의 확장, 채무구제대리인(debt relief agencies)의 신설과 채무자의 변호사에 대한 제재, 제7장 절차에 있어서 파산신청 기각사유인 남용을 판단하는데 변제자력심사(means test)의 도입, 제13장 절차에 있어서 계획인가요건의 엄격화 등을 들 수 있다. 한편 우리의 경우 「債務者 回生 및 破産에 관한 法律」을 제정하여 2006년 4월 그 시행을 앞두고 있다. 이 법률은 소비자도산분야에 있어서 기존의 개인채무자회생절차 및 파산법상 개인파산절차를 일부 개정하는 내용을 포함하고 있다. 구체적으로는 파산절차에 있어서 비면책채권의 확대, 재면책금지기간 단축, 면책불허가사유 명확화, 면제재산 확대, 파산자의 인권보호, 개인회생절차에 있어서 재신청금지기간 단축, 최저변제액 제도의 신설, 변제기간 단축 등이 있다. 미국 뿐만 아니라 우리 나라의 경우에도 소비자도산사건은 지속적으로 증가하는 추세에 있다. 이에 따라 개인채무자의 회생 및 파산을 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 제도 연구도 한층 심화되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 선진적인 제도로 평가받는 미국의 소비자도산제도의 변화된 모습과 우리 나라의 제도를 검토함으로써 향후 우리 나라의 소비자도산제도의 운용, 해석 및 입법 논의에 참고가 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

민사소송에서의 법원모욕

정영수 ( Young Soo Jung ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2008 法學硏究 Vol.18 No.2

해외자료(海外資料) : 일본(日本) 민사소송법(民事訴訟法)의 일부개정(一部改正)

정영수 ( Young Soo Jung ) 법조협회 2003 法曹 Vol.52 No.12

소비자단체소송에 관한 고찰

정영수 ( Young Soo Jung ) 법조협회 2007 法曹 Vol.56 No.3

소비자단체소송은 독일 및 프랑스 등 유럽에서 발전한 제도로서, 오랜 역사를 통해서 소비자피해구제를 위해 널리 활용되고 있다. 이 제도는 현재 유럽을 비롯한 아시아 등 세계 각국으로 확대되어 현재 많은 국가들이 채택하고 있다. 최근에는 일본 및 우리나라에서도 소비자단체소송을 채택하여 소액 다수의 소비자 피해의 효율적 구제 및 사업자의 부당한 행위에 대한 견제시스템으로서 큰 기대를 모으고 있다. 그러나 아직 초보단계에 불과하여 어느 정도 효과적인 운용이 이루어질 지는 미지수이다. 이미 검증된 독일, 프랑스 등의 입법례를 참고로 하기는 하였으나 각 나라의 실정을 반영하여 나름대로 독자적인 요소를 두고 있기 때문이다. 예를 들어, 우리 나라는 소송허가제도를 도입하고 있으나 이것은 다른 나라에서는 찾아보기 힘든 제도이다. 남소방지에 주안점을 둔 것으로 그 취지는 공감하나 오히려 소제기 자체를 막아서 제도의 의미를 퇴색시키지 않을까 염려된다. 또한 손해배상청구권을 전혀 인정하지 않은 것도 지나치게 신중한 입법태도가 아닌가 생각된다. 다만, 이 문제는 향후 좀 더 심도 있는 논의를 거쳐 적극적으로 그 도입을 검토할 것으로 기대해본다. 이번 소비자단체소송의 도입으로 인하여 종래 증권관련 집단소송과 함께 집단분쟁처리방안이 다양화되었다. 향후 그 운용실태를 점검하여 가장 이상적인 집단분쟁처리방안으로 발전할 수 있도록 노력해야 할 것이다.

미국 민사배심의 정당성과 민사배심의 활성화 방안에 대한 분석

정영수 ( Young Soo Jung ) 법조협회 2013 法曹 Vol.62 No.8

This paper explores the justification of the American civil jury system. The civil jury has offered democratic deliberations through citizen participation. This paper examines the deliberative democracy as it relates to the jury system. Today, deliberative democracy is best reflected in situations where citizens have opportunities themselves to deliberate. The civil jury system has been known to be the most deliberative institution that has championed the voice of citizens into public affairs than that associated with simple voting, advocacy, or protests. Despite the legitimacy of the jury system as a political institution, there are declines of civil jury trials in the state and federal courts. Many states and federal court districts established bench or bar commissions to examine the health and vitality of the civil jury system in their respective jurisdictions. The recommendations debated and issued by these commissions addressed every conceivable aspect of contemporary jury service. They suggested ways to facilitate the ability of citizens to participate in the justice system through jury service. They promoted efforts to treat jurors with dignity and respect through improved use of jurors` time and the recognition of jurors` legitimate expectations for privacy.