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국내·외 하수도시설 미량유기물질의 발생 특성 및 관리체계에 대한 이해
정동환,함상이,이원석,정현미,김현욱,Jeong, Dong-Hwan,Ham, Sang-Yee,Lee, Wonseok,Chung, Hyenmi,Kim, Hyunook 대한상하수도학회 2017 상하수도학회지 Vol.31 No.6
As the modern society is rapidly developing and people become affluent in materials, many new chemical compounds in different forms of products (e.g., antibiotics, pesticides, detergents, personal care products and plastic goods) are produced, used, and disposed of to the environments. Some of them are persistently having a harmful impact on the environment and mimicking endocrine properties; in general they are present in the environment at low concentrations, so they are called organic pollutants. These organic micropollutants flow to sewage treatment plants via different routes. In this study, the generation characteristics, exposure pathways, detection levels, and environmental impacts of organic micropollutants were critically reviewed. In addition, currently available risk assessment methods and management systems for the compounds were reviewed. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA), for example, has monitored organic micropollutants and set the monitoring and management of some of the compounds as a priority. To effectively manage organic micropollutants in sewer systems, therefore, we should first monitor organic micropollutants of potential concern and then make a watch list of specific substances systematically, as described in guidelines on listing water pollutants in industrial wastewater.
정동환 ( Dong Hwan Jeong ),조양석 ( Yang Seok Cho ),최인철 ( Inc Heol Choi ),안경희 ( Kyung Hee Ahn ),정현미 ( Hyen Mi Chung ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.5
2011년말 저·갈수기 북한강수계에서 수돗물 이취미 발생의 한 원인으로 의암호에서 조류 발생에 영양염류의 과다와 기상요인에 의한 것으로 보고 있으며, 특히 춘천지역의 생활하수에서 기인하는 영양염류를 중심으로 춘천시 공공하수처리시설의 방류수에서 배출하는 영양염류의 기여율 및 의암호 조류발생과의 관계를 살펴보고 그 영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 의암호 수체 내 영양염류가 부영양화 수준으로 이미 존재하고 있고, 겨울철임에도 체류시간, 수온 등 환경요인은 조류 성장에 적합한 여건을 갖추고 있다. 의암호 수계에서 인처리시설 도입으로 하수처리장의총인 부하량은 약 43% 저감하였고, 의암호 조류 농도(Chlorophyll-a)는 약 7% 정도 개선되었다. 반면, 인처리시설 도입에 따른 하수처리장의 질소 처리효율에는 거의 변화가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 좀더 효율적으로 해결하기 위해서는 의암호 상류지역에 대한 유역관리 대책을 수립하는것이 필요하며, 춘천지역 하수처리장의 질소 처리를 위한 운영·관리 개선 방안을 마련하는 것이 필요하다고 판단되었다. When abnormal taste and odor were detected in the tap water of the North-Han river watershed during the dry season in late 2011, excessive nutrients with algal growth in the Lake Uiam and weather factors were considered to be among its causes. The nutrients, in particular, originated from domestic sewage in the Chuncheon area. This study was conducted to investigate relations between the algal growth in the Lake Uiam and the contribution of nutrients from public sewage treatment works (PSTWs) in Chuncheon city, and based on this to analyze the environmental impact. Nutrients in the Lake Uiam have already been accumulated to the level of eutrophication. Even in winter, the conditions in the lake such as retention time and water temperature were favorable to boost algal growth. After phosphorus treatment processes were introduced, the PSTWs in the Lake Uiam watershed were able to reduce the total phosphorus loads by 43%. The algal concentrations in the Lake Uiam also dropped by about 7%. The nitrogen treatment efficiencies in the PSTWs, on the other hand, remained almost the same after the introduction of the phosphorus treatment processes. To solve these problems more efficiently, it is necessary to develop management strategies for the upstream area of the Lake Uiam and set plans to improve nitrogen treatment operation and management for the PSTWs in Chuncheon.
우리나라 공공하수처리시설의 방류수 수질 관리체계 개선방안 고찰 -미국, 일본, 유럽의 공공하수처리시설 방류수 수질 관리제도를 중심으로-
정동환 ( Dong Hwan Jeong ),최인철 ( In Cheol Choi ),조양석 ( Yang Seok Cho ),정현미 ( Hyen Mi Chung ),권오상 ( Oh Sang Kwon ),유순주 ( Soon Ju Yu ),염익태 ( Ck Tae Yeom ),손대희 ( Dae Gee Son ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.4
In recent years, Ministry of Environment (MOE) has been implementing a phased strengthening of the effluent standards for sewage treatment plants. In this regard, a comprehensive system should be developed to help check the appropriateness of such standards by specifying the grounds for standard-setting and investigating the current operation of sewage treatment plants clearly. It is necessary to establish a new standard-setting system for the effluent that is in a closer connection with the environmental criteria and rating systems. In the United States, the federal government provides guidelines on the least provisions and requirements for the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs). Local governments set the same or stricter guidelines that reflect the characteristics of each state. In Japan, the sewage treatment plants are subject to both the effluent standards and the discharge acceptable limits to pubic waters under the sewerage law. Specific requirements and limits are set in accordance with local government regulations. The European Union imposes sewage treatment plants with different provisions for effluent standards, depending on the sensitivity of public waters to eutrophication. The effluent standards for sewage treatment plants are classified by pollutant loads discharged to receiving waters. MOE also needs to introduce systems for setting new parameter standards on a POTW effluent by applying statistical means and treatment efficiencies or optimal treatment techniques, as seen in the cases of the US National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) or the EU Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC).
하수처리시설에서 최적처리기술 평가 방법론 고찰 - 미국과 유럽의 사례를 중심으로 -
정동환 ( Dong Hwan Jeong ),조양석 ( Yangseok Cho ),최인철 ( In Cheol Choi ),안경희 ( Kyunghee Ahn ),정현미 ( Hyen Mi Chung ),권오상 ( Ohsang Kwon ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.4
유역의 수질환경기준(중권역 목표기준) 또는 수질오염총량관리 목표수질을 달성하기 위하여 유역내 지역별·시설규모별 하수처리장에 대한 방류수 수질 준수농도(안)을 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 공공하수처리시설에서 하수처리기술은 혐기-무산소-호기 하수처리법에서부터 다양한 처리기술이 적용되고 있으며, 운영관리에 따라 효율의 차이가 나는 등 다양한 요인에 따라 처리효율이 달라질 수 있다. 또한 처리효율뿐만 아니라 전력 등 에너지 소요비용도 고려하여 각 유역환경 조건에 맞는 적합한 처리기술을 적용하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 유역하수도정비계획 수립 시 공공하수처리시설에 적용하는데 필요한 최적처리기술을 평가하기 위해 미국과 유럽의 산업계 배출수 처리시설에 대한 최적처리기술 평가 방법을 검토하여 우리나라 공공하수처리시설의 운영관리에 적합한 최적처리기술 평가지침의 평가항목을 제시하였다. In order to assess sewage treatment technology necessary to achieve water quality criteria in the watershed and to ensure best treatment technology is applied in building and expanding PSTWs when establishing the Watershed Sewer System Maintenance Plan, it is necessary to develop assessment guidelines to determinate the best treatment technologies applicable to the public sewage treatment works(PSTWs). Sewage treatment technologies such as anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic treatment process are employed at PSTWs, and treatment efficiency varies due to many factors such as how the PSTWs are operated. Therefore, analyzing assessment guideline of best available technology(BAT) using currently in USA and EU, this study presents assessment parameters for the assessment guidelines to be used in determining the best treatment technologies applicable to PSTWs. We have a plan to implement pilot assessment in preparation for the final assessment guidelines based on the results of professionals survey and to determine weighted factors and assessment parameters using analytic hierarchy process (AHP).