통전적인 실재 이해를 향하여–로버트 J. 러셀의 과학 신학 방법론을 중심으로

정대경 장로회신학대학교 기독교사상과문화연구원 2018 장신논단 Vol.50 No.2

본 논문은 자연과학과 신학의 학제 간 연구 가능성을 살펴본다. 인식 주체에 주어진 실재는 자연과학 연구의 대상이 되는 물리적 실재(e.g. 물질-에너지)와 신학 연구의 대상이 되는 초월적 실재(e.g. 하나님의 창조-섭리 행위) 모두를 포함한다. 만약 물리적 실재가 하나님의 피조물이라면, 신학은 자연과학을 통해 드러나는 피조물의 물리적 속성을 토대로 기존의 교리들을 새롭게 이해하거나 재구 성해 볼 수 있을 것이다. 또한 반대로 자연과학은 신학이 드러내는 자연적 실재의 의미론적 차원을 바탕으로 새로운 관점에서 연구 프로그램을 구성 할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 논문은 자연과학과 신학 사이의 학제 간 연구가 가능하 며, 실재에 대한 통전적 이해를 위해 상호작용이 필요함을 주장한다. 이를 피력하기 위해 과학과 신학 사이의 상호작용을 주장해온 과학신학자 로버트 J. 러셀의 창조적 상호작용 방법론(Creative Mutual Interaction Methodology, CMI)을 검토 한다. 구체적으로, 먼저 러셀과 그가 설립한 신학과 자연과학 연구소(Center for Theology and Natural Science, CTNS)에 대해 살펴보고, 그 후 러셀의 방법론 형성에 기여하고 있는 비판적 실재론, 창발적 일원론, 학제 사이의 인식론적 구조, 자연의 신학, 임레 라카토스의 과학적 연구프로그램 방법론 등의 개념을 차례로 분석한다. 이를 바탕으로 러셀의 방법론에서 두 학문 사이의 상호작용이 어떠한 방식으로 가능할지를 살펴본다. 본 논문은 국내 과학과 신학의 학제 간 연구를 위한 방법론적 기반을 마련하고, 체계적인 후속 연구를 가능케 할 것이다. This article examines the possibility of an interdisciplinary study between natural science and theology. Reality that is given universally to all epistemic subjects comprises physical reality, which is the research object of natural science, and transcendental reality, which is the object of theology. If the physical reality is God’s creation, theological doctrines can be reconsidered and reformulated in light of the scientific understanding of nature. Going further, in an opposite direction, a new scientific research program can be initiated based on the theological understanding of nature. In this regard, the article claims that the interdisciplinary study is possible, and that such an interaction should be promoted in order for a holistic vision of the reality. To this end, this research investigates on Robert J. Russell’s “Creative Mutual Interaction” methodology. Specifically, the article examines Russell himself and his Center for Theology and Natural Science first; it explores some concepts, in order, such as critical realism, emergent monism, the hierarchy of disciplines, theology of nature, and Imre Lakatos’ scientific research program methodology that are embedded in Russell’s methodology. After that, this research discloses how Russell’s method brings about the interdisciplinary study. The article will be able to build up a methodological foundation for further interactions and following systematic studies between science and theology.

Nonholonomic 제약을 가지는 구륜 이동 로보트의 위치추정과 경로추적

정대경,문종우,김승록,박종국 제어로봇시스템학회 1996 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2 No.10

Prolegomenon to Paul Tillich’s Theology: Edmund Husserl and His Legacy to Tillich

정대경 한국대학선교학회 2017 대학과 선교 Vol.35 No.-

Paul Tillich’s theology is often misapprehended as merely proposing the Christian symbol “God” to the existential question. This essay aims to remove such a narrowed understanding. Tillich’s theology demarcates the expansion of naturalism, retrieves the transcendental aspect of reality, and thereby af- firms the possibility of theological voices in public realm. For Tillich high- lights different academic disciplines corresponding to epistemic objects as well as their synthesis. Since reality comprises multiple realms, without some pertinent discipline understanding the reality as a whole can be distorted. The thought is heavily influenced by Edmund Husserl although there have not been much preceding researches on such an influence. It is necessary to explore Husserl’s phenomenology first to understand Tillich’s theology properly. This essay shall examine some concepts of Husserl’s “experience,” “regard,” “appearance,” “transcendental ego,” and “objectivating attitude” that influenced on Tillich’s thought. This study shall give rise to a robust under- standing of Tillich’s theology and its legitimacy in terms of promoting the in- terdisciplinary study and advocating the public efficacy of theology.

Evolutionary Propensity Toward the Complexification and Diversification of Life and Its Theological Implication

정대경 한국조직신학회 2017 組織神學論叢 Vol.48 No.-

A theologian, who exists in the world consciously reconstructed based upon revelatory experience, understands and interprets the reality of nature that is disclosed from the empirical data and theories of natural science. Natural phenomena no longer reveal the dimension of creaturely nature alone, rather the phenomena become symbols that disclose the divine presence and activity embedded in the reality of nature. In other words, since every natural being participates in the being-itself for its being and existence, it becomes a medium by which the divine reality manifests itself. If that is the case, wouldn’t the propensity toward the complexification and diversification of life in evolution history disclose the divine creative activity and God’s telos involved with the evolutionary process? This article attempts to answer the question with Karl Rahner’s concept of God’s self-communication and Wolfhart Pannenberg’s concept of the Son’s self-distinction, both of which can be construed as the principle of the evolutionary propensity toward the diversity and complexity of life. In so doing, the article claims that the propensity reveals the divine telos, that is, that God in the relationship creates the creaturely others that are able to communicate and have a relationship, and thus that God expands the relationship as such into the creaturely realm.

A Theocentric and Eschatological Ethics in the Era of Eco-Crisis

정대경 한국대학선교학회 2018 대학과 선교 Vol.38 No.-

The present ecological crisis is originated from anthropocentrism that has intensified humane dominion over nature and technological manipulation. This article examines if theological ethics can provide a rationale that pro- motes ecological praxis in the crisis. To be specific, the article proposes an epistemic turn from anthropocentrism to theocentrism. Theocentrism leads one to understand nature from the divine perspective. Such a way of looking at nature yields to thinking that nature is an independent being from humans and a member of God’s eschatological community. Nature “is” for God rather than for human. In other words, nature should be treated and respected as God’s partner at the eschaton. To this end, the article first examines Jürgen Moltmann’s doctrine of kenotic creation and eschatology. Moltmann re- interprets creation doctrine in light of eschatology. Such an understanding reveals God as the center of the eschatological kingdom, which is the peri- choretic community that is coming. Therefore, the examination will empow- er the epistemic turn and ethical praxis in the ecological crisis. Moreover, this article explores Ted Peters’ eschatological ethics. Peters claims that the experience of the coming of eschatological kingdom brings about the sense of unity due to which humans will participate in the efforts to solve the crisis.

신학과 과학 학제 간 연구 최신 동향과 실태 연구

정대경 장로회신학대학교 세계선교연구원 2022 선교와 신학 Vol.56 No.-

본 논문은 신학과 과학 학제 간 연구의 최신동향과 실태를 조사하고 분석한 연구로 리뷰성격을 가진다. 체계적인 학제 간 연구는 1990년대 후반처음으로 국내에 소개된 이후 계속해서 그 관심이 증대되어왔다. 그럼에도불구하고 국내에는 학제 간 연구 학회가 아직 부재하며, 전문단체와 연구소 또한 극히 소수이다. 관련 분야 국내 학술논문들은 다소 이슈 중심적이거나 기독교 변증을 목적으로 하는 것이 대부분이다. 국내 학제 간 연구의체계적 발전을 위해서는 먼저 국내외 학제 간 연구의 상황, 국내외 전문단체들과 기관들의 설립배경과 활동방향, 전문학술지들을 통해 발표되는 연구내용들의 최신동향 등을 파악할 필요가 있다. 이러한 동향 파악 연구는국내 학제 간 연구의 현주소를 점검하고, 학제 간 연구의 발전을 위해 향후구체적으로 무엇이 필요한지를 확인하는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다

Origen’s Theological Methodology as the Dialectic between Theology and Philosophy

정대경 한국조직신학회 2019 組織神學論叢 Vol.55 No.-

Theologians are assigned with a responsibility that they must understand and articulate God who is disclosed from revelatory experience. It is an effort to state the incomprehensible and inexpressible God in and through the finite concept and language of human being. Since the ancient times, theologians are destined to employ thoughts and concepts from where they are socially embedded. Our contemporary theologians are not different. Theology is radically different from other academic disciplines in the sense that its source is originated from the divine who is transcendent from the world. However, as noted earlier, theology must engage itself with other disciplines so that it can express the knowledge of the transcendent God. This article aims at providing a rationale why theologians must pursue interdisciplinary studies. To this end, the article examines Origen’s theological methodology, which situates Christian theology in a dialogue with its contemporary philosophy. Before the doctrine of Trinity is constructed, Origen strives to elaborate the understanding of the Father and the Son interacting with Platonism and Neoplatonism. In doing so, he attempts to express the knowledge of God. Nevertheless, Origen does not embrace his contemporary philosophical ideas uncritically. Rather, he revises the idea according to the Scripture and the Church tradition. Therefore, exploring Origen’s theological methodology will empower interdisciplinary studies that our contemporary theologians must pursue to disclose the knowledge of God. In addition, the article will also help to reveal what kinds of theological attitude theologians must take when they are involved with a dialogue with other disciplines. Last but not least, this article will contribute to expand the theological understanding of ancient theologians. Theologians are assigned with a responsibility that they must understand and articulate God who is disclosed from revelatory experience. It is an effort to state the incomprehen�sible and inexpressible God in and through the finite concept and language of human being. Since the ancient times, theologians are destined to employ thoughts and concepts from where they are socially embedded. Our contemporary theolo�gians are not different. Theology is radically different from other academic disciplines in the sense that its source is originated from the divine who is transcendent from the world. However, as noted earlier, theology must engage itself with other disciplines so that it can express the knowledge of the transcendent God. This article aims at providing a rationale why theologians must pursue interdisciplinary studies. To this end, the article examines Origen’s theological methodology, which situates Christian theology in a dialogue with its contemporary philoso�phy. Before the doctrine of Trinity is constructed, Origen strives to elaborate the understanding of the Father and the Son interacting with Platonism and Neoplatonism. In doing so, he attempts to express the knowledge of God. Nevertheless, Origen does not embrace his contemporary philosophical ideas uncritically. Rather, he revises the idea according to the Scripture and the Church tradition. Therefore, exploring Origen’s theological methodology will empower interdisciplinary studies that our contemporary theologians must pursue to disclose the knowledge of God. In addition, the article will also help to reveal what kinds of theological attitude theologians must take when they are involved with a dialogue with other disciplines. Last but not least, this article will contribute to expand the theological understanding of ancient theologians.

공연예술 지원제도 열린토론

정대경 예술경영지원센터 2011 예술경영 Vol.- No.5

종교의 기원에 관한 진화인류학과 신학의 학제 간 연구 가능성 모색: 아구스틴 푸엔테스를 중심으로

정대경 한국대학선교학회 2023 대학과 선교 Vol.55 No.-

Scientific research on human religious behavior is entering a new phase. This is because, based on methodological rigor and empirical data, evolutionary science is developing a naturalistic explanation of human consciousness and behavior, including religious behavior. In these circumstances, theology must seek interdisciplinary research on the subject so that the evolutionary approach is not reductively regressive. To this end, this article examines how evolutionary anthropology deals with the issue of the origin of religion, centered on evolutionary anthropologist Agustín Fuentes, and based on this, highlights the possibility of interdisciplinary dialogue between theology and evolutionary anthropology. These attempts will lay the groundwork for the development of interdisciplinary research between evolutionary anthropology and theology on the issue of the origin of religion in the future, and will also contribute to the independent development of each discipline related to the subject. 인간의 종교적 행동에 관한 과학적 연구는 새로운 국면을 맞이하고 있다. 방법론적 엄밀성과 경험데이터를 바탕으로 진화학은 종교적 행동을 포함한 인간의 고차원적인 의식과 행위에 관한 자연주의적 설명을 발전시키고 있기 때문이다. 이러한 상황에서 신학은 해당 주제에 관해 진화학적 접근이 환원주의적으로 소급되지 않도록 학제 간 연구를 모색해야 한다. 이를 위해 본고는 진화인류학자 아구스틴푸엔테스를 중심으로 진화인류학이 종교의 기원 문제를 어떻게 다루는지 살펴보고, 이를 바탕으로 신학과 진화인류학 사이 학제 간 연구가 가능함을 역설한다. 이러한 시도는 향후 종교의 기원 문제에 관한 진화인류학과 신학 사이 학제 간 연구 발전을 위한 초석을 마련하고, 해당 주제에 관한 각 학문의 자체적인 발전에도 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

Quantum Physics, Indeterminism, and Divine Action

정대경(Dae Kyung Jung) 한국기독교학회 2012 한국기독교신학논총 Vol.84 No.-

하나님과 세상에 대한 통합적 이해를 추구하는 통전적 신학의 입장에서 보면, 현재까지 적립된 과학 이론과의 소통과 협력은 신학의 발전과 기독교 신앙 변증에 있어서 효과적일 수밖에 없다. 이러한 맥락으로, 물리학과 과학 전반에 걸쳐서 논의되는 양자 역학에 대한 이해는 현대인들에게 초월적 존재 로서의 하나님뿐만이 아니라, 내재적으로 이 세상에 관계하시는 하나님의 섭 리를 변증하는 데에 깊은 통찰을 안겨줄 것이다. 그러므로 이 논문은 하나님 이 이 세상에 대해 어떠한 관계를 맺고 계시는가를 양자역학을 통해 드러내고 자 하며, 양자역학에서 보여주는 존재론적 비결정성의 신학적 함의가 무엇인 가를 밝히는데에 그 목적이 있다. 논의를 펼치는데에 있어서, 행동은 존재를 따른다는 아리스토텔레스 전통을 받아들여, 양자세계에서 일어나는 양자 활동들이 본질적으로 인과법칙과는 무관한 비결정성을 보여준다는 것과 이러한 존재론적 비결정성은 창조의 완성으로써의 종말에 이르기까지 피조물 스 스로에 자율성을 부여하기 위한 하나님의 케노시스를 통해 가능하게 되었음을 피력한다.