Disciplinary Session 9 / Sport Biomechanics / Gait and Running Analysis : 시각장애자 보행의 역학적 평가

윤희중,류지선,전해자,이연종,정남주 ( Hee Joong Yoon,Ji Seon Ryu,Hae Ja Chun,Yeon Jong Lee,Nam Ju Chung ) 한국체육학회 1998 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.2

남자 비만 어린이 보행주기의 생체역학적 분석

정남주,윤희중 한국운동역학회 2001 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.2

최근 우리나라의 비만 어린이의 수가 증가한 것으로 보고되고 있으나 비만 어린이의 증가와 더불어 이에 수반되어지는 사회적 관심은 그렇게 높지 않은 것 같다. 비만아동의 일반적인 보행형태에 대한 역학적인 정보는 극히 제한적이며 이에 관련된 과학적 정보 역시 상당히 부족한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 성장기에 있는 비만 어린이의 보행형태에 대한 역학적 특징을 살펴보기 위하여 실시하였다. 이를 위해 규칙적인 운동프로그램에 참여하고 있으며, 또한 생리적으로 비만 판정을 받은 어린이 7명을 선별하였다. 2대의 비디오 카메라를 이용하여 각 대상자별 보행동작을 촬영하였으며 DLT(direct linear transformation) 방법을 활용하여 3차원 좌표 및 위치 정보를 산출하였다. 그리고 힘 측정판(force plate)을 이용하여 지지시 지면반력을 측정하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 활보장에 대한 하지장의 비는 일반인에 비해 다소 작은 값을 보였으며, 활보시간동안 지지기의 시간은 짧아진 반면 스윙시간은 길어진 것으로 나타났다. 보행 시 인체중심의 좌우변위가 선행연구에 비해 큰값을 보이고 있었다. 대퇴분절각도는 선행연구결과와 비슷한 결과를 보이고 있었으나 무릎관절과 발목관절각도는 획일화된 움직임을 보여 안전한 지지를 하지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 수직지면반력(Fz)은 제1피크(Fz1)가 제2피크(Fz3)에 비해 더 큰 결과를 보여 선행연구와 비슷한 결과를 보이고 있었다. 그러나, 전후지면반력(Fy)은 추진력(Fy2)이 제동력(Fy1)에 비해 더 큰 값을 보이고 있어 일반 성인과는 정반대의 결과를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. The main objective of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the gait patterns of the obese children. According to surveys, the number of the obese children has increased in recent years, Nevertheless, little attention has been paid to this problem. Approaches through mechanical analysis on this particular problem are extremely limited and scientific information is hardly sufficient. To conduct an investigation, seven children were selected, who are deemed obese by any standards. These children are the participants of the exercise program that was designed to reduce weight. The physical activities of these children are video-taped by two video cameras. Using the DLT(direct linear transformation) method three dimensional coordinate and position data were calculated. Ground reaction forces are measured by AMTI force plate, The results are as follows. Lower extremity length in the stride of the obese children turned out to be less than that of adults. At the same time, the length of stance time was shortened while swing times was lengthened during the stride. Furthermore, it was discovered that the right-left movement of the center of mass was greater than the one indicated by the previous studies. It was also observed that the angle of the knee and ankle joints of the obese children appeared to be relatively restricted compared with those of adults. During the stance, the first peak(Fz1) is greater than the second peak(Fz3) in vertical force. But, propelling force(Fy2) is greater than breaking force(Fy1) in anterior-posterior force. It is show that the gait pattern of the obese children is not similar to that the normal adult. To conclude, the gait patterns of the obese children is unnatural.

플랫서브와 스핀서브의 운동학적 분석

윤희중,정남주 한국운동역학회 1997 한국운동역학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the kinematic variables during tennis flat and spin serving, and that analysis of contribution patterns of the human body segments to the racket velocity through three demensional cinematography technique. To accomplish the objective of this study, five male tennis players were used as subjects. The two cameras(Locam Ⅱ, Photosonic Biiomechanics 500) were used used to filming. The serve motions were filmed with the camera operating at 200 frames/s. The direct linear transformation(DLT) method is used in the computation of three-dimensional coordinates of the digitized body points. Coordinated raw position data through digitizing are filterd at a cutoff frequency of 6Hz using a fourth order low-pass Butterworth filter. Based on the results of this study, the following conclusions are drawn. 1) In the swing phase(toss∼impact), the flat serve is shorter execution time than spin serve. 2) At the point of impact, the flat serve is faster in the linear velocity of racket head than in the spin serve. 3) The maximum velocity of the hand is earlier to the maximum velocity of the racket head prior to impact. 4) From the angle change of each joint, shoulder angle in the flat serve and the racket angle in the spin serve are larger than any other angle. 5) The elbow joint dominate at the initial swing patterns, and the shoulder and trunk joints dominate at the final swing patterns during flat and spin serving.

임신 40주와 출산 후 6주에 있는 20대 임산부 보행의 역학적 특성 비교

윤희중,문동안,정남주,금명숙,이경식,유실,김영란,한윤수 한국운동역학회 2000 한국운동역학회지 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구는 임신 40주와 출산후 6주간에 있는 임산부의 보행 동작의 특정을 규명함으로써 이와 관련된 연구자들에게 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 임신 4주에 있는 임산부를 대상으로 1차 실험을 실시하였으며 동일한 대상자를 출산후 6주에 2차로 실험하여 자료를 수집하였다. 디지타이징 시 오차를 최소화하고 인체관절점의 분별을 위해 21개의 반사마커를 부착하였다. 10m의 보행주로를 걷는 동안 두 대의 비디오카메라를 이용하여60Hz로 자료를 수집하였으며 동시에 100Hz 지면반력자료를 수집하였다.수집되어진 자료는 DLT 방법을 사용하여 분석하였으며 이의 분석에 Kwon3d 프로그램을 활용하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 임신 40주와 출산 후 6주의 보행 시 지지시간과 스윙시간의 비율이 다르게 나타났으며 보폭과 보간, 활보장은 임신 40주에서 더 큰 값을 보였다. 상체 전경각 역시 임신 40주에서 더 큰 값을 보였다. 힙관절, 무릎관절, 발목관절각도는 S1이 출산후 6주에서 큰 값을 보인반면 S2는 출산전후에 큰 변화를 보이지 않다. 2. 상하지면반력의 경우 FP1과 FP2는 임신 40주보다는 출산 6주에서 큰값을 보였지만 FP3는 임신 40주에서 보다 큰값을 보이고 있었다. 전후지면반력의 경우 출산전과 후 모두 Fy2에서 보다 큰 값을 보이고 있었다. This Study was to investigate kinematical characteristic comparison of the gait pregnant 40weeks and after delivery 6weeks 20´s women and provide the basic data. To accomplish this study, in the first, carry out an experiment with the pregnant women in the pregnant 40weeks on the videotape, and than the second, make an experiment with the kinematic data. Kinematic data were filtered with a low-pass, fourth-order Butterworth filter with an effective cut off frequency of 6Hz. The conclusions were drawn as follows; 1. Floor contact Periods(stance and swing rate) were differed from before and after the delivery and a pregnant 40 weeks was greater than after delivery 6 weeks in the step, width, stride. Also, a pregnant 40 weeks was greater than after delivery 6 weeks in the front angular. And the other angular components were represented similar pattern. 2. In the vertical load, delivery 6 weeks was grater than a pregnant 40 weeks in the FP1(first peak) and FP2(valley). And FP3(second peak)was represent that a pregnant 40 weeks was greater than delivery 6 weeks. Also, in the horizontal shear, Fy2(progressional force)was greater than Fy1(breaking force) about time of the delivery.

골프 신발의 앞굽 높이가 스윙의 생체역학적 요인에 미치는 영향

김종욱,류지선,윤희중,박 진,정남주 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1999 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.18 No.1

The purpose of this was to investigate the biomechanical factors depending on the forefoot height difference during the golf swing. 7 university golfers with han-dicaps of 3 or below volunteered for this study. High speed videography(180 Hz) was used in conjunction with the forceplates which collect the ground reaction forces. The recorded data were analyzed with Kwon3d and Kwongrf packages. Based on the results of data, the following conclusions were drawn. 1. Comparing the execution time, the new shoes group(low heel height) is shorter than that of the old shoes group 2. The new shoes group has more trunk rotation angle than that of the old shoes group. 3. According to the ground reaction forces, the new shoes group has more directional forces (side to side and toe to heel forces) than that of old shoes group.

수직점프 수행시 두 발의 동시· 비동시 스텝에 따른 운동학적 특성 분석

윤희중,이연종,이경식,유실,정남주 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所 1997 韓國體育大學校附屬 體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study is to quantify the differences between synchronous and asynchronous step during vertical jump. The subjects of this study were 3 males college students. And 2 S-VHS vedio cameras were used for the data collection. The Direct Linear Transformation (DLT) method was employed to obtain 3-D position coordinates of 21 landmarks. And the following conclusions were drawn ; 1. Synchronous step was faster in approach velocity than asynchronous step. 2. Asynchronous step was smaller in knee flexion angle than synchronous step. 3. Synchronous step was faster in angular velocity at knee flexion than asynchronous step and asynchronous step was faster in angular velocity at knee extention. 4. Asynchronous step was higher in take-off height and loss height than synchronous step. 5. Synchronous step was higher in flight height top height and reach height than asynchronous step.

체형에 따른 골프 스윙 동작 비교

정남주,윤희중,백영수 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 골프스윙 시 체형별로 나타나는 운동학적 요인을 분석하여 비교함으로써 체형별 골프지도를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위해 현재 남자 프로골프선수 9명을 대상으로 각자의 체중과 신장 그리고 상완둘레등을 고려하여 외배엽, 내배엽, 중배엽으로 체형을 나누었다. 각자의 골프스윙동작을 비디오 카메라로 촬영하여 스윙동작을 8개의 구간으로 나누어 분석하였으며 다음과 같이 결론에 도달하였다. 골프스윙 소요시간은 내배엽형이 가장 길었으며 다음으로 중배엽형, 마지막으로 외배엽형이 가장 짧은 스윙시간을 보이고 있었다. 좌우이동변위가 가장 크게 나타나는 체형은 중배엽형이었으며, 다음으로는 내배엽형, 그리고 외배엽형이 가장 작게 움직이는 것으로 나타났다. 내배엽형은 임팩트 시 상하변위가 상승쪽으로 향하고 있었으며 내배엽형과 중배엽형은 임팩트 시 거의 일정한 높이를 유지하여 안정감을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 상체회전각도와 골반회전각도는 임팩트 시 외배엽형의 상체와 골반이 미리 돌아가는 형태를 취하고 있어 내배엽과 중배엽형에 비해 다소 다른 특징을 보이고 있었다. 이러한 스윙에 대한 체형별 운동학적 특징을 이론을 제시함에 있어 보다 근본적인 힘의 이동을 알아야 할 필요가 있다. 따라서, 차후 연구에서는 지면반력을 이용하여 압력중심점(COP)의 분석이 함께 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. This study was intended to provide basic materials for golf coaching by somatotype by analyzing and comparing the kinematic factors found in each somatotype at the time of golf swing. For this purpose, the somatotype was divided into endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph in reference to the weight, height and upper arm circumference of each of nine professional golfers. Each of their swing motions was videotaped with the camcorder and their swing motion was analyzed by dividing it into 8 sections. The time required for the swing motion, the displacement of the center of the human body and the rotation angle of the upper body were calculated through the three-dimensional image analysis based on the DLT(Direct Linear Transformation). Based on the findings of this study, the following conclusion was drawn: The endomorphic golfers showed the longest required golf swing time, followed by the mesomorphic golfer and then the endomorphic golfer. The displacement of left-to-right movement was largest in the mesomorphic golfers, followed by the endomorphic golfers the up-to-down displacement was upward at the time of impact and that the endomorphic and mesomorphic golfers raised the sense of stability by maintaining an almost uniform height at the time of impact. As for the rotational angle of the upper body and the rotational angle of the thigh, the upper body and the thigh took a form of rotating earlier in the ectomorphic golfers at the time of impact, who showed a somewhat different characteristics compared to the endomorphic and mesomorphic golfers. It is necessary to investigate the movement of more fundamental forces in presenting the theory related to the kinematic characteristics of this swing by somatotype. Accordingly, it is thought that it is necessary to analyze the center of pressure(COP) using the ground counterforce in the future study.

임신 7 개월 이후 임산부 보행의 역학적 분석

금명숙,유실,김영란,정남주,한윤수,이훈표,윤희중 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was analyzed the effect of kinematical and kinetical factors of lower extremity of form change in the cause of growth an unborn child during in pregnancy. Three pregnant women were selected from pregnant 24 weeks as subjects. Each subjects were required to walk with usual walking speed. Cinematographic and GRF data were collected during walking, and the kinematical and kinetical variables were calculated using Kwon3d. Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were drawn : 1. Step width and Step length Step width according to the period of pregnancy was gradually small but step length was gadually great. 2. Angle of lower extremity The angle of hip, knee and ankle was differed pregnancy on 9 month and other time. 3. Ground reaction force In the three part of ground reaction force, pregnancy on 9 month was most greater than other time.