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음성 인식/합성을 위한 국어의 음성-음운론적 특성 연구
정국,구희산,이찬도,김종미,한선희,Chung, Kook,Koo, Hee-San,Lee, Chan-Do,Kim, Jong-Mi,Han , Sun-Hee 한국음향학회 1994 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.13 No.6
본 논문은 국어 음성 인식 및 합성을 위한 음운$\cdot$음성학적인 기초 연구 몇가지를 포괄적으로 소개하고자 한다. 그 구체적인 내용은 첫째, 분절음의 음운론적 특성연구로서, 분절음의 변이 목록및 컴퓨터 입력 기호의 작성, 둘째, 분절음의 음성학적 특성 연구로서, 단어내 자음의 위치에 따라 음향 파라메타를 조정하는 시범안 제시, 세째, 운율의 음운론적 특성 연구로서 운율 자질들의 음운론적 기능과 인식 단서의 제시, 네째, 운율의 음성학적 특성 연구로서 표준 한국어의 악센트와 억양 패턴의 제시, 다섯째, 음성 인식 및 합성에의 국어 음성$\cdot$음운 지식의 활용 방안 제시이다. The paper introduces several studies of various aspects of Korean phonology and phonetics for speech recognition and synthesis. The phonological and phonetic studies presented in this paper are : i) For a study of segmental phonology, we made an annotated list of Korean allophones and their corresponding alphabetic symbols to type into computers. ii) For a study of segmental phonetics, we present some acoustic regulations in Korean consonants according to their phonological environment within a word. iii) For a study of prosodic phonology, we suggest the phonological functions of prosodic features and their acoustic cues. iv) For a study of prosodic phonetics, we present the characteristic patterns of accent and intonation in Korean. v) Finally, we suggest some ways of using this phonological and phonetic knowledge for possible improvement of speech recognition and synthesis.
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정국 서울대학교 어학연구소 1984 語學硏究 Vol.20 No.1
This study examines some important phonological rules of Korean and English to determine their relative importance as rules of pronunciation, and ultimately to show their relative importance as phonological rules. It has been found that neutralizing rules are not always more important than non-neutralizing, allophonic ones. Whether neutralizing or not, the rules that produce alternations of the 'primary' sounds are more important than those that produce alternations of the 'secondary' sounds (cf. §3.2. (9′)), the rules that characterize or enhance the distinctiveness of such important phonological units as word and syllable are more important than those that do not have such function, and the rules that apply even is slow speech and across word boundaries are more important than those that apply only in normal speech and within word boundaries.
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정국 한국음성과학회 2003 음성과학 Vol.10 No.4
This paper examines transcription of sounds from a phonological perspective. It has found that most of transcriptions have been done on a segmental basis alone, without consideration of the whole phonological systems and levels, and without a full understanding of the nature of the linguistic and phonetic alphabets. In a word, sound transcriptions have not been done on the basis of the phonology of the language and the alphabet. This study shows a phonological model for transcribing foreign and native sounds, suggesting ways of improving some of the current transcription systems such as the Hangeul transcription of loan words and the romanization of Hangeul, as well as the phonetic transcription of English and other foreign languages.
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鄭國 서울대학교 어학연구소 1980 語學硏究 Vol.16 No.2
The tonal patterns of a Korean dialect spoken in Taegu area have been analyzed from a functional point of view. The author claims that two underlying functional accents Polarizing (‘P’) and Leveling (‘E’) can derive all derive all the surface patterns by the following rules: 1. a. (U)P(U) (L)H(L) b. (U)E(U) (L)H(H) 2. a. (U)PE (U)PU b. (U)PP (U)UP c. (U)E{P/E}(U)EU Thus P produces ‘polarized’patterns such as HL, LH; E produces ‘leveled’ patterns such as HH; and these two kinds of patterns constitute an optimal functional contrast. (For more details, see Chung(1980) given in the References on p. 48.)
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정국 서울대학교 어학연구소 1982 語學硏究 Vol.18 No.2
This study is concerned with the problem of psychologiacal reality in setting up underlying segments for Korean stops, affricates and liquids. Those Korean stops are particularly interesting because their phonemic/allophonic behavior is very different from that of the major IndoEuropean languages we are familiar with. For instance, voicing is not distinctive in the obstruents, and /l/ and /r/ are allophonic variants of the only Korean liquid. The problem is that people are still positing (and using) voiced or voiceless obstruents as underlying segments for stops and affricates, and either /l/ or /r/ for the liquid. This is in part due to the lack of symbols to represent the obstruents which are neither voiced nor voiceless and the liquid which is neither /l/ nor /r/, but more important is Korean linguists’ attitude toward underlying segments and the rules for deriving surface phonetic forms. One of the most important points of this paper is that the psychologically real, ‘substantive’ underlying segments should have no distinction or indication as to voicing (for obstruents) and no l/r distinction (for liquid). For this, it is necessary that the phonetic/phonemic transcription systems which are currently being used be modified and enlarged, because there are no adequate symbols for the Korean consonants mentioned above. Another point is that speakers do not really derive surface forms from unique underlying representations; rather, they know the distributional patterns of the surface forms and the relationship between those forms in the pattern in a sort of ‘interpretive’ (as compared with ‘generative’) manner. This is a very important idea that needs to be further developed.
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정국 한국외국어대학교 외국어 종합연구센터 언어연구소 1984 언어와 언어학 Vol.10 No.-
This study analyzes typical errors Korean students make in pronouncing English, characterizing the problems they have and showing ways to help solve them. It recognizes five types of mispronunciation: (1) 'phonemic' pronunciation, (2) 'open' pronunciation, (3) 'segmental' pronunciation, (4) 'neutralizing' pronunciation, (5) 'floating' pronunciation. In short, Koreans pronounce English sentences as a simple concatenation of invariable sounds (=phonemes), not as utterances where phonemes are realized in a variety of ways, blended as units such as syllables, phrases and sentences. This study suggests that students recognize and suppress these five types of mispronunciation, and further, from the generative viewpoint, see the acquisition of English phonology as internalizing the phonological system of English through systematic learning, not as the acquisition of 'habits' through rote drills.
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