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아파트 전담 여성 집배원의 작업조건 및 작업강도의 평가
장안석(Anseok Jang),전지인(Jiin Jeon) 대한인간공학회 2021 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.40 No.5
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the workload and working conditions for female postal workers designated to their residence apartment after changing type of the employment. Background: Since January 2020, the employment type of female postal workers designated to their residence apartment has been changed to a public service type from a consignment teleworking type. After the type of employment, female postal workers were appealing for the strengthened labor intensity and working conditions. Hence, a survey was conducted on the effects of the changed workload and working conditions together with the Korean Postman Workers" Union. Method: Total of 162 female postal workers were participated in the questionnaires survey including working conditions, MSDs (Musculoskeletal Disorders), perceived work intensity, experiences in various harassments and violence from the job and by customers. Also a real time physical workload were measured for 14 postal workers using HR (heart rate) technique for at least a whole weekdays of work. Also a FGI (Focus group interview) was carried out on 14 participants in HR study to retrieve and validate the findings from the questionnaire survey such as working conditions and changes in workload. Results: The results of the study revealed the following three main findings. First, working hours were increased by more than 30% and the number of delivery households were increased as well. Second, all participants responded that their workload has increased remarkably. In detail, they responded that workload increased by 89%, weight handling load by 77%, awkward working postures by, risk of accidents by 74%, work environment by 68%, and mental stress during the delivery by 62%, respectively. Third, the HR measurements showed that the average RHR (Relative heart rate) was 28.4±4.4%, the average MAWT (Maximum acceptable working time) was 6.82±1.4 hours which revealed that female postal workers are working 1.45 times longer that the recommended working hours to work intensity. Conclusion: The results of the study could conclude that the change in employment type for female postal workers affected in increased workload, working hours, and improper and stressful working conditions. It is recommended that workload should be reduce either by increasing number employees or reduce workload to improve the working condition and well-being, and to reduce the risk of the occupational diseases and accident for the female postal worker. Application: The results and methods of the study could be applied in evaluating working conditions and to plan the remedies for the labor intensive jobs such as postal workers.
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유양숙,최상옥,조영이,고수진,허수진,전지인,권소희,Yoo, Yang-Sook,Choe, Sang-Ok,Cho, Young-Yi,Koh, Su-Jin,Hor, Soo-Jin,Jeon, Ji-In,Kwon, So-Hi 한국호스피스완화의료학회 2007 한국호스피스.완화의료학회지 Vol.10 No.4
목적: 효과적인 통증관리의 장애요인은 크게 제도적 측면, 의료진 측면, 그리고 환자 측면으로 구분되며, 이는 모두 사회적 통념에 영향을 받는다. 따라서 본 연구는 일반인의 통증관리 장애요인을 규명하여 궁극적으로 우리 사회의 통증관리에 대한 이해를 향상시키기 위한 기초 자료를 마련하고자 시도되었다. 방법: 2007년 5월 15일부터 6월 15일까지 자원봉사자, 교사 및 지역사회 주민 163명을 대상으로 Gunnarsdottir, Donovan, Serlin, Voge와 Ward (2002)가 개발한 Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II)를 유양숙, 이원희, 조옥희와 이소우(2005)가 번한 보완한 통증관리 장애척도를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 통증관리 장애척도의 Cronbach's $\alpha$는 .88이었다. 결과: 대상자의 평균연령은 53.36세이며, 92.6%가 통증교육을 받은 경험이 없었다. 대상자의 통증장애 정도는 평균 2.51점이었으며, 중독을 포함하는 해로운 영향 영역이 3.03점, 부작용을 포함하는 신체적 효과 영역 2.73점, 숙명론적 태도 영역 2.15점, 그리고 의사소통 영역 1.71점 순이었다. 문항별로는 '진통제를 사용하면 중독의 위험이 있다'의 장애정도가 가장 높았고, 다음은 '진통제를 사용하면 새로운 통증이 생겼을 때 알기가 어렵다', '진통제를 사용하면 몸이 익숙해져 곧 진통효과가 없을 것이다', '진통제로 인한 졸림은 조절하기 어렵다', '진통제는 면역력을 떨어뜨린다' 순이었다. 통증교육을 받은 경우의 통증관리 장애정도는 교육을 받지 않은 경우보다 유의하게 낮았다. 결론: 일반인들의 통증관리 장애요인은 환자나 가족과 유사하게 진통제 중독 및 내성에 대한 염려가 가장 높았으므로 사회적으로 확산되어 있는 통증관리 및 진통제 사용에 대한 올바른 이해를 높이기 위한 교육 및 홍보가 필요하다. Purpose: This study was to explore barriers to effective pain management in general population. Methods: Total 163 Participants completed the Barrier Questionnaire-II (BQ-II), a 27-item on a six point scale, from May to June in 2007. BQ-II consisted of four subscales which were 1) physical effects (PE) addressing beliefs that side effects of analgesics are inevitable and concerns about tolerance, fatalism (Fa) addressing fatalistic beliefs about cancer pain and its management, Communication (Co) addressing the beliefs of 'good patient' and concerns of distracting physician from underlying disease, and harmful effects (HE) addressing fear of addiction and harmful effect to immune system of pain medicine. Results: The BQ-II total had an internal consistency of 0.877 in this study. HE was the biggest barrier (3.03) followed by PE (2.73), Fa (2.15), and Co (1.71). Items appeared as great concerns were 'there is a danger of becoming addicted to pain medication'(3.58), 'using pain medicine blocks your ability to know if you have any new pain' (3.18), 'pain medicine is very addictive' (3.09), 'when you use pain medicine your body becomes used to its effects and pretty soon it won't work any more' (3.09), and 'drowsiness from pain medicine is difficult to control' (3.09). Only 12 respondents (7.4%) reported that they took any type of pain education, however, those who took pain education represented significantly lower barriers to pain management than who did not (P=.029). Conclusion: This result suggests the strategies for public education to surmount cancer pain.
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부모의 방임 및 학대와 또래 관계 간의 관계에서 공격성의 매개 효과
유창호(Yu, Chang-Ho),장석진(Chang, Seok-Jin),조용비(Zhao, Long-fei),전지인(Jeon, Ji-In) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2018 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.18 No.20
본 연구는 부모의 방임·학대가 청소년들의 또래 관계에 미치는 영향을 확인하고, 부모의 방임·학대와 청소년들의 또래 관계에 대한 공격성의 매개 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원에서 제공하는 2017년 ‘한국아동·청소년패널조사(KCYPS)’에 탑재된 6차년도(2015) 데이터를 활용하여 중학교 3학년 학생 2,057명의 자료를 최종 분석하였으며, 2017년 11월부터 연구 방향을 설정하여 자료를 찾고 분석하였다. 매개 효과 검증을 위해 SPSS 다중 회귀분석을 활용하여 분석하였다. 주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모가 방임 또는 학대와 같은 부정적인 양육 태도를 보일수록 청소년의 공격성은 높고 또래 관계는 나쁜 것으로 나타났으며, 학대보다 방임의 영향력이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 부모의 방임·학대와 청소년이 경험하는 또래 관계 간의 관계에서 공격성은 매개 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 부모의 방임·학대와 관련된 부정적 양육 태도에 대한 교육 및 청소년의 또래 관계 개선 및 공격성을 낮추기 위한 개입 방안을 제시하였다. The study aims to find the mediating effects of aggression between parental neglect and abuse and adolescents peer relationships. For this purpose, this paper applied the data of wave 6 of the 2016 Korea Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) provided by the National Youth Policy Institute to analyze the cases of 2,057 third-grade middle school students, and SPSS multiple regression analysis was adopted in order to verify the mediating effect. The analysis results are mainly as follows. First, the more evident the negative rearing attitudes such as parental neglect or abuse, the more aggressive the adolescents are, and the worse their peer relationships would become. Besides, the impact of parental neglect is greater than that of parental abuse. Second, there are mediating effects of aggression between parental neglect and abuse and the adolescents peer relationships. Such results could be applied to develop appropriate solutions for dealing with negative rearing attitudes such as parental neglect or abuse, improving adolescents peer relationships and reducing their aggression.
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