유방특이감마영상검사에서 액와부 영상 획득 방법에 대한 연구

장지연,정은미,Jang, Ji Yeon,Jung, Eun Mi 대한핵의학기술학회 2012 핵의학 기술 Vol.16 No.2

유방특이감마영상검사(Breast-specific Gamma Imaging, BSGI)는 $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi와 고해상도 감마카메라를 이용하여 영상을 획득하는 방법으로 기본적으로 양측상하영상, 내외사방향영상을 얻으며 추가로 액와 림프절 검사를 시행 할 수 있다. 액와 림프절 전이 여부가 중요한 인자임에도 불구하고 아직까지 BSGI의 액와부 검사는 잘 시행되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 2011년 5월부터 2012년 3월까지 본원에서 유방특이감마영상검사를 시행한 총 343명의 환자를 대상으로 액와 림프절 검사 결과를 분석하고 올바른 검사를 위한 기술적 사항을 연구하였다. 방사성의약품 주입 시 일어날 수 있는 혈관 포획, 혈관 외 유출현상이 영상에 영향을 끼치는 경우가 많았으며, 이를 방지하는 방법과 영상의 획득 방법을 규정하였다. 혈관 외 유출과 혈관의 포획현상을 최소화하기 위하여 $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi를 주입 후, 10 cc의 생리 식염수를 주입한다. 주사 후 팔을 귀 위로 올리고 공을 이용하여 약 1분간 운동한다. 감마카메라의 납 차폐체를 제거하고 검출기에 기울기를 주어 최대한 검출기에 액와부를 밀착시키고, 납 앞치마를 이용하여 촬영하려는 측의 어깨 부분을 가려주어 배후 방사능을 최소화 한다. 액와부 영상은 2-3분 획득한다. BSGI 검사 시, 기존에 시행되던 양측 상하방향, 내외사방향영상만을 얻는 방식에서 액와 림프절 영상을 함께 획득 한다면 유방암의 치료성적 향상에 도움이 되며, 본 연구에서 얻은 기술적 사항을 검사에 적용한다면 유방암 환자들의 액와 림프절 영상의 효과를 더욱 극대화 시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Purpose : The initial Breast-Specific Gamma Imaging (BSGI) protocol included bilateral breast imaging with 2 views of each breast-craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO). Furthermore, Axillary lymph nodes view can be acquired easily. The most meaningful prognosis factor for prediction of breast cancer is whether or not the breast cancer has metastasized to the lymph nodes. However, axillary view doesn't conduct in clinical. This article collates a diverse data of BSGI and describes technical details to acquire optimal imaging. Materials and Methods : A retrospective review was performed on 343 patients who had undergone BSGI between May 2011 and March 2012. Patients who had undergone BSGI received intravenous injection of 740 MBq (20 mCi) $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi. Results : The following contents are the technical details for optimal axillary imaging. $^{99m}Tc$-sestamibi should be administered using an indwelling venous catheter or scalp needle followed by 10 cc of saline to flush to reduce extravasation and vascular trapping. After administration, patients raise their arm over their head and exercise with stress ball for 1 full minute. A lead shield attached to the gamma camera is removed and patients axilla is placed as close as possible to the camera at a $90^{\circ}$ angle. A lead apron is placed across the shoulder to reduce background from other organs. Acquisition time is enough for 120 sec~180 sec. Conclusion : If patients undergo bilateral axillary imaging as a standard with CC, MLO views, it could improve cancer treatment. Result of this study could maximize efficiency axillary imaging of breast cancer patients.

헤어미용 종사자의 긍정심리자본이 정서적 몰입과 고객지향성에 미치는 영향

장지연 ( Ji-yeon Jang ) 한국미용학회 2021 한국미용학회지 Vol.27 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze how positive psychological capital affects emotional commitment and customer orientation of hair beauty employee. The research method was targeted at customers using beauty salons located in the metropolitan area and Gwangju Metropolitan City, and the final 256 questionnaires were used for analysis. Data analysis is SPSS. v. 21.0 Using the statistical package program, frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α coefficient, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were performed. As a result of the study, optimism, hope, and resilience of each sub-factor of positive psychological capital had a significant (+) effect on the emotional commitment of hair beauty employee, and all of the sub-factors of positive psychological capital were significant (+) in the customer orientation of hair beauty employee. It was derived as a factor that affects Finally, it was found that the emotional commitment of hair beauty employee had a statistically significant positive (+) effect on customer orientation. Therefore, the higher the level of positive psychological capital of the workers, the more faithfully they can work in the organization with a joyful heart, and the core that can be naturally connected to the loyalty behavior to remain in the organization will be a factor.

조선 전기 개성과 한성의 관계 (1)

장지연(Jang, Ji-Yeon) 서울시립대학교 서울학연구소 2016 서울학연구 Vol.- No.63

이 글에서는 조선 전기 개성과 한성의 관계를 규명하기 위해서 먼저 개성인들이 건국에 대한 반대로 소외되어 왔다는 설화의 역사적 진실성을 검토하고, 개성과 한성을 점 대 점의 관계로 설정하여 살펴보았다. 개성 소외 설화를 검토한 결과, 태조대부터 태종대까지 개성에 천도해있던 동안 정기적으로 과거가 실시되었으며, 충분한 액수의 인원들을 선발해왔음을 확인할 수 있었다. 정종대 개성 천도가 단행된 것으로 보아도, 개성이 건국층에게 적대적인 분위기였다고 보기는 힘들었다. 두문동 은거 설화는 18세기 이후 폭발적으로 조상의 현창과 함께 유포되었으며, 실제 거론된 인물들의 당시 행적을 보면 지방의 자기 근거지로 낙향하는 등, 설화들 대부분은 조선 전기의 실제 상황에 부합하지 않았다. 건국 후 개성과 한성의 관계는 크게 세 시기로 나누어 보았다. 1438년(세종 20)을 기준으로 이전과 이후를 (1)과 (2)시기로, 성종대 이후를 (3)시기로 보았다. 이는 제도적 변화를 기준으로 한 것인데, 1438년(세종 20)은 開城留後司에서 留守를 장으로 하는 開城府로 변화한 시점이다. (3)성종대 이후는 『經國大典』 체제가 자리잡은 것을 기준으로 하였다. 시기에 따른 변화를 정리하면 다음과 같다. (1)시기는 수도가 한성으로 전이됨에 따라 인구가 급속도로 유출하였다. 제도적으로는 개성을 옛 수도로서 한성과 같은 범주에서 다루는 방식으로 매우 우대하였으나, 실제 도시적 차원에서는 인구 유출로 인해 급속히 세가 축소되었다. (2)시기는 그 결과 개성부의 위상이 격하되며 이전의 우대책이 혁파되거나 재조정된 시기였다. 그에 비해 한성은 개성에 대해 확실한 우위를 다져갔다. (3)시기는 (1)~(2)시기의 결과 개성이 옛 수도라는 상징적 의미와 도시 규모의 실제가 부합하지 않는다는 점이 분명해진 시기였다. 그러나 이러한 위기의식은 개성인들에게 ‘개성인’으로서의 자각을 가져오는 바탕이 되었으며 “옛 수도”라는 상징적 의미는 그 자각의 중요한 자원이 될 수 있었다. 중앙에서는 개성의 도시규모와 수준에 대한 부정적인 인식을 가지고 있으면서도, 역사도시로서 개성에 대해 새로운 관심을 기울이게 되었다. 그 지점에서 중앙과 개성의 인식이 교차하면서 “로컬 개성”의 범주화가 가능해졌으며, 16세기 “개성 지식인”, “개성 상업”등이 진작되는 새로운 분위기로 계승될 수 있었다. Examined in this article is the relationship between the cities of Gaeseong and Hanseong, in the terms of ‘points’. Goryeo’s old capital Gaeseong, and Joseon’s new capital Hanseong, can both be conceptualized as ‘points,’ and their relationship with each other could be conceptualized as a relationship ‘formed between those points.’ In order to clear the real relationship between those two cities, the historical truth of the narrative of Gaeseong’s discrimination was reviews ahead, which has made the typical image of Gaeseong. On the other hand, however, the previous assumption (which had prevailed since the Joseon period’s latter half) that the Gaeseong city was discriminated by the Joseon government (as we could supposedly see from the Dumun-dong massacre and the alleged prohibition on Gaeseong resident’s application to the dynastic competitive exam), and that discrimination in fact ironically contributed to the Gaeseong area’s commercial successes, had very little to do with practical facts. In the early Joseon dynasy, the relationship of Gaeseong and Hanseong was reviewed into 3 period division. The division point of (1) & (2) period is 1438, which Gaeseong-Yuhusa/開城留後司 changed to Gaeseong-bu/開城府. (3) period begins with abound King Seongjong era, when System of Gyeonggukdaejeon was established. (1) period: Most population of Gaeseng move to Hanseong or their respective hometowns, leaving the Gaeseong area with a smaller population. Gaeseong still has the priorities as an old Capital cities, but shranks rapidly because of population outflow. (2) period: As a result, Gaeseong was changed into the level of local administration actually by losing its priorities, while Hanseong held a dominant position. (3) period: It became clear that the symbolic image of Gaeseong-Old capital city does not match the true the city status. But the awareness of this crisis made Gaeseong people allege “locality”, which is based on the concept and symbolic image of the old Capital city Gaeseong. Meantime, central officials found Gaeseong’s historical assets with great concern, whereas not estimating the city Gaeseong so much highly. In this cross point of Central and Local, the categorizaion of “Local Gaeseong” can be evolved.

이탈리아 희곡 번역과 공연

장지연 ( Ji Yeon Jang ) 한국이탈리아어문학회(구-한국이어이문학회) 2005 이탈리아어문학 Vol.16 No.-

피란델로의 창작에 대한 성찰

장지연 ( Ji Yeon Jang ) 한국이탈리아어문학회 2006 이탈리아어문학 Vol.19 No.-

Enrico 4에 나타난 등장인물의 중첩성과 의미

장지연 ( Ji Yeon Jang ) 한국이탈리아어문학회 2007 이탈리아어문학 Vol.21 No.-

대구지역 중학생들의 친환경농산물에 대한 인식과 인증마크 신뢰 정도

장지연(Ji Yeon Jang),최미경(Mi Kyung Choi) 대한지역사회영양학회 2013 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school students` perception of environment-friendly agricultural products (EAPs) and the degree of confidence about the certification mark. Questionnaires were distributed to 444 students of 6 middle schools located in Daegu, and a total of 416 responses were used for analysis. 28.6% of the respondents were using EAPs at home, and 62.0% of respondents didn`t know whether to use EAPs at home. The 6 items representing the perception of EAPs were analyzed, resulting in 2 distinct dimensions-‘benefits of EAPs` and ‘attitude toward EAPs’. Regarding Benefits of EAPs, the score of ‘EAPs better for health’ was the highest, followed by ‘EAPs have higher quality’, ‘EAPs were better for environmental protection’, respectively. The proportion of students responded that ‘the amount of pesticides should be reduced gradually’ was 65.5% and only 3.4% for ‘current level of pesticide use is not a problem’. There were significant differences between male and female students with regard to an interest in EAPs (p < 0.05) and opinion on the use of pesticides (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between groups with different education level of mothers. The respondents who use EAPs at home showed significantly higher scores with attitude toward EAPs (p < 0.001), and higher response rate for ‘pesticides should not be used even if the price increases` (p < 0.05). Degree of confidence about the EAPs certification mark also affected students` perception of EAPs (p < 0.001). Our results indicate the importance of education for students on EAPs to enhance students` attitude towards EAPs and improve school meal satisfaction. (Korean J Community Nutr 18(4) : 324~332, 2013)

『데카메론』 속 문학적 상상력과 르네상스

장지연 ( Jang¸ Ji Yeon ) 한국이탈리아어문학회 2021 이탈리아어문학 Vol.- No.63

『Decameron』, a novel in which the background of the disastrous black plague, the Middle Ages that was coming to an end and the Renaissance phenomena which already arrived, are embodied by Boccaccio's brilliant literary imagination, was evaluated as a historical record about all kinds of contemporary human lives; a literary historical treasury for the next generation's unlimited artistic imagination; and the model for European prose novel. The black plague, the background of the work, which was one of the worst accidents taking the lives of innumerable European people in the 14th century, across the human history, could not but have serious effects on the whole Europe including politics, economy, society, community, philosophy, science, art, etc. People experienced the fact that religion which had been a dominant base of their lives could not relieve them in the face of the horrible epidemic, so God-centered medieval values could no longer exert its dominant force. This period, however, was the cross point between the Middle Ages and Renaissance, as the Renaissance atmosphere was full-fledged, which had been gradually grown. Although it may be important to summarize the magnitude of Renaissance, it can be largely summarized into two aspects based on common interpretations and modalities: one is that there were the historical transitional phenomena between Renaissance and the Middle Ages; another is that it was the regeneration and revival of the ancient Greek and Roman civilization in the field of scholarship and culture, including art, music, literature, philosophy, science, architecture, mathematics, etc., as the entire movement across the European society, as well as a new historical wave which brought about huge changes across economy, society and politics inside and outside Europe. This paper aims to examine how such two aspects were condensed in 『Decameron』 via Boccaccio's literary imagination. First, it attempted to arrange literary creative strategies adopted by Boccaccio who used the black plague as a medium. Although Renaissance, the new compelling wave, already permeated the whole society, the formal forces were people with Christian and God-centered way of thinking, which still provided the foundation of their lives. In 『Decameron』, there are, therefore, several parts in which Boccaccio makes an effort to explain his ‘creative intention’ and ‘targeted readers’ in detail by directly intervening in the text. His hidden intention may be to ingeniously avoid blames from and conflicts with the public including the contemporary dominant forces. Second, it also aims to examine the other aspect of Renaissance, which shows the 'rediscovery of classics' and the 'realistic and actual description of human life', as the revival of the ancient Greek and Roman culture and a new historical wave. The stories contained in 『Decameron』 were not freshly created by Boccaccio, but reborn as works to which the meanings of the contemporary historical wave were 'newly' granted by exploring and borrowing classic ones which had been previously transmitted and adding literary imagination to them. Next, although the ancient Greek and Roman culture was basically focused on 'human beings', the former's description had an ideal tendency, while the latter's description had realistic, actual, practical and recreational tendency. 『Decameron』 combines each tendency of both cultures. 『Decameron』's eye is, therefore, directed toward human beings, while it comically describes secular and blatant reality of all sorts of forms and figures. Its description is thus characterized by the appreciation of diversity, promotion of practical benefit, sarcasms about corruption, degradation and hypocrisy of the Christian forces, and females' pursuit of sexual desire. This is highly differentiated from the God-centered perspective stressing the medieval piety, sacredness and solemnity.

조선 전기 漢陽의 지세 인식과 風水 논란 및 설화

장지연(Jang, Ji-yeon) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2013 역사문화연구 Vol.46 No.-

이 글에서는 한양의 지세 인식이 시기에 따라 변화한 양상과 풍수 논란의 주제와 설화가 변화한 양상을 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 도읍을 정하던 건국 초기와, 어느 정도 도성으로서 자리가 잡힌 세종대~임진왜란 이전, 임진왜란 이후 등 시기에 따라 한양에 대한 지세나 풍수에 대한 파악은 사뭇 달라졌음을 파악할 수 있었다. 물길이 주로 문제되던 건국 초기와는 달리, 새로운 主山이 제기되면서 풍수적 논제는 山으로 옮겨 갔다. 이렇게 논제가 바뀐 데에는 고려 시기 이래 큰 영향을 미쳐온 󰡔道詵秘記󰡕에서 벗어나, 새로이 지세를 파악하려고 시도된 데에서 비롯한 것이었다. 산세에 관한 풍수 논란은 세종대 당대에는 기존의 주산인 白岳을 그대로 인정하는 선에서 종결되었으나, 그 과정에서 동쪽의 지세가 허결하며 주산 좌우의 산세가 불균형하다는 점이 부각되었다. 동쪽 산세가 낮게 된 것은 건국 초 도성이 축소, 건설되었기 때문이었다. 한양 관련 풍수 설화는 선조대 임진왜란을 경계로 한 차례 큰 변화를 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 전기의 설화들은 고려 南京에 관한 내용이 다수로서 왕조의 건국을 정당화하는 내용을 주로 담고 있으며 無學대사에 대한 언급이 없었다. 이에 비해 전란 이후의 설화들은 전란의 원인이나 이를 예언하는 내용을 담고 있었다. 조선 전기까지만 해도 풍수승으로는 도선이 주로 거론되었으나 전란무렵에는 건국 초기의 神僧으로서 무학대사의 상이 다양하게 만들어졌다. 현재까지도 익숙히 전하는 무학이 등장하는 설화들은 임진왜란 무렵부터 다양하게 유행한 것이었다. 그러면서 오히려 한양이 고려 시기 남경이었다는 역사적 사실은 사람들의 기억에서 점점 사라지게 되었다. 전란 이후에는 풍수 설화에서도 山勢가 특히 문제시되었는데, 이는 산세의 결함이 성곽의 결함으로, 그리고 그것이 전란을 제대로 방어할 수 없었던 원인으로 연상되었기 때문이었다. 세종대 주산논쟁과 이를 통해 부각된 동쪽의 지세가 허결하다는 문제점 등은 풍수 설화 속에서 인왕산주산설 등을 불러 일으킨 것으로 사료된다. 이상과 같이 한양의 지세나 풍수 인식도 역사적으로 변화한 것이었고 17, 18세기를 거치며 더욱 다양한 설화로 변주되었다. 그러나 후기에는 풍수적 결함에 대한 여러 설화와 동시에 한양의 풍수가 얼마나 훌륭한지를 입증하는 신비적 속설이 함께 유행하는 것도 주목할 만하다. 이러한 지점들은 한양의 중심성이 더욱 강화되면서 도읍의 심상적 위력이 사람들의 인식 속에서 확고히 자리잡았음을 보여준다. Examined in this article is how the Joseon people’s perception of the figures and features of the landscape of Han’yang(漢陽), the capital city of the Joseon dynasty, changed over the passage of time, and how the discussions of geomancy issues and themes of related tales changed as well. Through such changes, we can see that the people’s view upon the capital landscape indeed changed over time, from the time of the dynasty’s foundation when the capital city was established for the first time, to the time of King Sejong’s reign and until the 1590s war with the Japanese when Han’yang firmly established itself as the central capital of the country, and finally through the post-Japanese war period and beyond. In the early days, the water ways were the primary issue that was discussed, but later, people’s interest shifted to the issue of mountains(primarily the “Main Mountain[主山]”), and geomancyrelated discussions ensued. This shift in particular signified the Korean people’s escape from「Doseon Bigi(道詵秘記)」, which had up until then considerable influences upon the Goryeo people’s view of the country. This new ‘mountain’ issue was part of the people’s effort to analyze the landscape figures of the country from a different perspective. During the reign of King Sejong, the geomancy discussion regarding the mountain landscape figures was initiated, but was eventually concluded with the acknowledgement of the still-valid status of the previous Main mountain Baeg’ak(白岳). In the discussion, however, problems with the East side of the mountain were noticed, and the unbalance between the left and right sides of the Main mountain was discussed. The reason the East side was lower was because the capital was constructed in a smaller size compared to the original design. The themes of Geomantic tales regarding Han’yang were decisively changed with the Japanese invasion in the 1590s. Tales before the invasion showed themes about the Nam’gyeong(南京) capital of Goryeo, the former title of Joseon’s Han’yang, with nuances of legitimizing the foundation of the new dynasty Joseon. Also, there is no reference to the Buddhist priest Muhak(無學) in them. But in tales and folklore stories which were conceived after the war, we can see sections foreseeing the ‘upcoming war,’ and insinuating the reasons behind the painful invasion. In the early half period of Joseon, Doseon was the primary figure who was cited all the time as the Geomancy master, but around the time of the Japanese invasion Muhak began to be described as the legendary master (of geomancy). The image of Muhak to which we are accustomed are actually from the tales that circulated through the Joseon society in its latter half period, from the time of the Japanese invasion. And the people came to forget the fact that Han’yang was formerly the Nam’gyeong capital city of a long lost dynasty(Goryeo). The Post-war tales also featured the issue of mountain landscape figures prominently. This would have been because the deficiency in the mountain landscape would directly lead to the ineffectiveness of the mountain fortresses built on such landscape, which was also considered as the reason of the Joseon army’s swift defeat to the Japanese invasion force. The debates of King Sejong’s era also led to a new theory of a new Main mountain, In ’wang-san. As we can see, the perception or views upon the nature of the landscape features of the Han ’yang Capital city (as well as the geomancy discussions and tales) changed with the passage of time. During the 17th and 18th centuries various tales were spawned. Also, it should be noted that in the following periods, both tales of pointing out the geomantic weaknesses of the area, as well as tales of mythical nature arguing the ‘wonderful’ nature of its geomantic figures, circulated throughout the society at the very same time.

마이크로 유전알고리즘을 이용한 적운물리과정 모수 최적화에 따른 여름철 강수예측성능 개선

장지연(Ji-Yeon Jang),이용희(Yong Hee Lee),최현주(Hyun-Joo Choi) 한국기상학회 2020 대기 Vol.30 No.4