조직변화 유형과 Appreciative Inquiry(AI) 기반 조직변화모델에 관한 연구

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ) KNU기업경영연구소 2021 기업경영리뷰 Vol.12 No.3

Today’s business environment faces many challenges due to rapid changes in knowledge and technology than in the past. Many companies are choosing the team system as an organizational structure that enables maximiza-tion of organizational efficiency. For organizations in the 21st century that are affected by changes and situations that are difficult to solve with existing tools or methods, the model based on deficit is not suitable as an organiza-tion development method mainly used in the industrialization era. As an alternative to this, today’s companies are paying attention to the organizational change model of Ap-preciative Inquiry (AI) called positive search or positive revolution. Organizational Change Model based on Ap-preciative Inquiry is a means to improve the present organization and envision a future vision. This model is an approach that asks members of the organization questions that remind them of their best experiences within the organization, success stories, and positive outcomes. The purpose of this study is to explore organizational change and the Organizational Change Model based on Appreciative Inquiry. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, first, the types of organizational change and organizational change models are to be investigated. Second, the principle and process of the Appreciative In-quiry Model will be reviewed, and finally, research results and implications will be drawn.

기업의 친환경 녹색경영 활동과 유형에 관한 연구

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ),이승성 ( Seung-seong Lee ) K·기업경영연구원 2020 KBM Journal(K Business Management Journal) Vol.4 No.1

21세기 경제성장을 위한 세계적인 녹색 뉴딜정책은 새로운 경제성장 모델로서 기존의 경제성장 모델에서 친환경적인 녹색경영으로의 전환을 가져왔다. 한국의 저탄소 녹색성장 기본법에서는 기업의 녹색 경영활동 과정에서 자원과 에너지의 효율적인 이용과 절약을 권장하고 있다. 본 연구는 녹색 경영활동이 기업의 성과에 어떤 영향이 있는지 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 첫째, 녹색경영의 개념과 한국 기업의 녹색경영 실태 및 사례를 탐색하고자 한다. 둘째, 녹색경영을 실천하는 방법과 전략을 살펴보고, 셋째, 기업의 친환경적인 녹색경영 실행 방법과 유형을 모색하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 다음과 같은 결론과 시사점을 제시하였다. 첫째, 글로벌 환경변화에 따라 기업이 지속적인 경쟁우위를 갖기 위해서는 단순한 관리와 통제가 아니라, 녹색경영전략을 적극적으로 수립하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 기업은 녹색경영을 전략적 아이콘으로 삼아서 친환경 경영활동에 적극적으로 활용해야 한다. 셋째, 정부 주도로 녹색경영을 위한 실천방안과 지침을 개발해 제시하고 있으나, 이에 대해서 경영자나 조직구성원들의 인식이 요구된다. The global green new deal for economic growth in the 21st century has brought about a transition from the existing economic growth model to eco-friendly green management as a new economic growth model. The Korean Framework Act on Low Carbon, Green Growth recommends efficient use and saving of resources and energy in the process of green management activities by companies. The purpose of this study is to find out how eco-friendly green management activities affect corporate performance. First, I would like to explore the concept of green management and the actual conditions and examples of green management of Korean companies. Second, it looks at methods and strategies for implementing green management, and third, it tries to find ways and types of eco-friendly green management practices by companies. Therefore, this study presented the following conclusions and implications. First, it is necessary to actively establish a green management strategy, rather than simple management and control, for a company to have a continuous competitive advantage in response to global environmental changes. Second, companies should take green management as a strategic icon and actively use it for eco-friendly management activities. Third, the government has developed and suggested practical plans and guidelines for green management, but the recognition of managers and members of the organization is required.

해외 스마트 팩토리(smart factory)의 정책 비교 연구: 독일, 미국, 일본, 중국을 중심으로

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ) KNU기업경영연구소 2021 기업경영리뷰 Vol.12 No.2

In recent years, the establishment of a smart factory to overcome low growth and this has become a hot topic around the world. In 2016, the Davos Forum discussed what kind of changes the future technological revolution will bring to society and future generations under the theme of’Understanding of the Fourth Industrial Revolution’ as a way to solve low growth. This study aims to examine the concept of a smart factory, four tasks, and the importance of a smart factory in relation to technological innovation in the manufacturing industry through a smart factory. And it is to present the construction stage and expected effects of a smart factory. Second, to cope with smart factories, we want to compare policies between countries such as Germany, the United States, Japan, and China. In this study, the following results and implications are presented. First, before constructing a smart factory, the Korean government should be researched as a prerequisite for the establishment of a smart factory through a government-private-academic consultative body. Third, before building a smart factory, laws or systems that can protect large enterprises and SMEs must be prepared. Fourth, SMEs in particular need to think about how to operate a smart factory.

중소기업 CEO의 경영자특성이 혁신성과와 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ),장관섭 ( Kwan-seop Jang ) K·기업경영연구원 2020 KBM Journal(K Business Management Journal) Vol.4 No.2

최근에 기술의 급속한 발전, 시장의 글로벌화와 경쟁의 심화, 기술혁신에 따른 비용과 위험의 증가, 선진국의 기술 보호의 강화 등으로 기술혁신과 기술획득의 전략적 중요성이 강조되고 있다. CEO의 비전과 경영관리는 혁신적 전략을 책정하기 위한 기본적인 선택이며, 또한 CEO의 의사결정은 경쟁력 향상을 위한 전략적 차원에서 중요한 요소이다 본 연구의 목적은 자동차부품산업을 대상으로, 기존의 문헌을 이론적 토대로 경영자특성이 혁신성과와 경영성과 간의 인과관계를 연구하고자 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서 다음과 같은 결과가 나타났다. 첫째, 경영자의 특성은 혁신성과에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 경영자가 다양한 능력을 보유하고 있더라도 이를 실행하기 위한 도구인 경영관리 활동이 체계적이고 조직적으로 실현하지 않는다면, 경영자가 요구하는 혁신적인 성과에 이루지 못한다는 것을 의미한다. 둘째, 경영자특성은 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 경영자의 심리적 및 능력의 특성은 기업의 성장과 발전 기회에 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있음이 확인하였다. 특히 이것은 한국 자동차부품 산업의 기업가적 특성과 경영자의 인적 중심의 경영특성이 반영된 결과라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 혁신성과는 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 혁신성과는 신제품 개발을 의미하며, 신제품은 매출액 증가로 이어져 시장점유율이 높아지는 계기가 된다는 것이다. The CEO's vision and business management are fundamental choices for formulating an innovative strategy, and the CEO's decision-making is an important factor in the strategic dimension to improve competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to study the causal relationship between innovation performance and management performance in managerial characteristics based on existing literature theoretically, targeting the automobile parts industry. Therefore, the following results were found in this study. First, it was found that managerial characteristics had a significant effect on innovation performance. These results mean that even if managers have various competencies, if management activities, which are tools for implementing them, are not systematically and systematically realized, the innovative performance required by managers cannot be achieved. Second, it was found that managerial characteristics had a positive effect on management performance. It was confirmed that the characteristics of the manager's psychological and ability play a very important role in the growth and development opportunities of the company. This can be said to be the result of reflecting the entrepreneurial characteristics of the Korean auto parts industry and the manager's human-centered management characteristics. Third, it was found that innovation performance had a positive (+) effect on management performance. This means that innovation performance means new product development, and new products lead to an increase in sales, which is an opportunity to increase market share.

중소기업의 경영 전략과 디자인경영에 관한 연구

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ) K·기업경영연구원 2021 KBM Journal(K Business Management Journal) Vol.5 No.2

1990년대 초반 이후 중소기업의 경영전략의 관점은 산업과 같은 기업의 외부환경 분석에서 기업 내부의 핵심역량과 경영자원을 분석하는 것에 초점이 맞춰졌다. 중소기업의 최신 경영전략의 경향은 기업을 경영자원의 결집체로 보는 경영자원론(resource-based theory of the firm)과 핵심역량(core competence)에 집중하고 있다. 특히 디자인에 대한 이해가 부족해 디자인을 경영전략의 수단으로 활용할 수 있다는 사실을 간과하는 기업이 많다. 하지만 좋은 디자인 전략은 제품과 기업의 경영 여건, 소통과 기업 이미지를 높이는 데 중요한 수단이 될 수 있다. 디자인 경영은 먼저 디자인에 기존 경영학을 도입한 방법론을 고려할 수 있고, 기업 경영 전략의 일환으로 활용하기 쉽게 한다. 다른 한편으로 디자인 경영은 경영 디자인의 효능을 도입하며 기획활동을 창조적으로 활성화할 수 있다. 본 연구는 디자인과 디자인경영, 그리고 기업 경영전략 간의 관계와 우리나라 중소기업의 디자인 산업의 문제점을 재검토를 통해 기업 디자인경영 전략의 실태를 파악하고자 한다. Since the early 1990s, the perspective of the management strategy of SMEs has been focused on analyzing the core competencies and management resources within the company in the analysis of the external environment of the company such as industry. The trend of the latest management strategies of SMEs is focusing on the resource-based theory of the firm and core competence, which sees the company as an aggregate of management resources. In particular, many companies overlook the fact that design can be used as a means of business strategy due to lack of understanding of design. However, a good design strategy can be an important means for enhancing product and corporate management conditions, communication, and corporate image. Design management can first consider the methodology that introduced the existing business administration to design, and makes it easy to use as part of corporate management strategy. On the other hand, design management introduces the efficacy of management design and can creatively activate planning activities. This study aims to understand the actual situation of corporate design management strategy by reviewing the relationship between design and design management, corporate management strategy, and problems in the design industry of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Korea.

독일의 이원화 직업교육훈련제도의 실태와 우리나라에의 시사점

장석인(Sug In Chang) 한국유럽학회 2006 유럽연구 Vol.23 No.-

본 연구는 직업학교와 현장 훈련 간에 존재하는 독일의 이원화 직업교육제도를 분석하는 것이다. 기술 및 업무 조직만의 변화에 따라 자발적이고 독립적인 팀 작업자들이 요청된다. 이러한 시대적 요구는 인간에 대한 작업환경의 개념과 당연히 이에 준하는 직업 훈련생들에 대한 개념 변화에 기인된다. 점차로 기업 전반에 걸쳐 발생하는 직업교육 및 훈련은 평생교육과정의 기초 단계가 되고 있다. 이원화 제도 하에서 다양한 교육훈련방식과 함께 산업계 대표, 노동조합 및 정부가 공동책임을 짐으로써, 사회와 경제가 상호 연관을 맺고 있다. 독일의 이원화 직업교육제도가 우리나라 인적자원개발에 주는 시사점은 무엇보다도 기업/산업체의 역할과 사회적 파트너십이다. 독일의 경험에 비추어 볼 때, 한 나라의 인적자원개발의 성패는 기업의 역할에 달려 있다. 본 연구는 기업에서의 직업훈련과 직업학교에서의 이론교육의 장점을 연결하는 독일의 이원화 직업교육제도의 구조 및 우리나라에게 주는 시사점을 분석하는 것이다. Vocational education is increasingly becoming the first stage of a lifelong education process, which will always take place to a major extent in the enterprise. The purposes of this study were to examine the Dual System in the Federal Republic of Germany in order to suggest some recommendations for improving the vocational education in the Republic of Korea. The dual system is provided by the private sector and the State, employers and employees, the Federal Government and local communities. The vocational training of Germany intends to focus on the improvement of specific job skills of currently employed workers, and therefore the job training for the unemployed is carried out together in that training. In Germany most of training programs are operated step by step from the basic training to the specialized training. It is needed to have stepping training schedules especially emphasizing on the broad basic training in Korea. In Germany there are close relationships to cooperate between industrial personnel and educators as for operating training programs. It is needs to have good relationships between industrial personnel and educators to cooperate voluntarily in Korea. This article investigates the structure of a vocational education and training system which combines the advantages of training in a company and theoretical education in a vacational school.

사회적기업 종업원의 서비스지향성이 친사회적 서비스행동에 미치는 영향 -휴먼서비스 산업을 중심으로-

장석인 ( Sug In Chang ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2014 인적자원관리연구 Vol.21 No.1

In modern society, the human service field in social enterprise makes efforts to provide new products and better service to meet the diverse needs of client according to their increasing expectations for economic and social utility. The purpose of this research was to examine the status and working environment of social enterprise which has become popular for solution of human services, specially, to investigate the relationships between service orientation, job satisfaction, service commitment and pro-social service behavior. This research had 275 employees of social enterprises certified by Ministry of employment and labor located in Seoul, Gyunggi, Chungnam from 5nd of August to 20nd of September in 2013 for survey. For the statistical analysis, SPSS/PC Ver. 20.0 were used, factor analysis and other analysis such as reliability analysis, frequency analysis, correlation analysis and linear regression analysis accordingly were performed. Proven research result through these analysis are as follows: (a) service orientation was positively related to pro-social service behavior. In particular, the psychological empowerment influences pro-social behavior. In other words, employee’s empowerment in social enterprises influence service satisfaction of client and increases pro-social behavior. (b) job satisfaction and service commitment was positively related to pro-social service behavior. In particular, this study investigated the mediating effect of job satisfaction on the causal relationships between service orientation and pro-social service behavior. A critical review of available literature on the issues were presented and specific attention was paid to the mediating effect of job attitudes such as job satisfaction which might work in between service orientation and pro-social behavior. In this research, the higher the service orientation, increases the level of pro-social behavior.

몰입형 및 통제형 인사제도가 인사관리 효과성과 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

장석인(Sug-In Chang) 한국인적자원관리학회 2010 인적자원관리연구 Vol.17 No.4

우리나라 기업의 인적자원관리가 1997년 외환위기를 계기로 연공서열 위주의 전통적 인적자원관리를 벗어나 성과주의 인적자원관리로 빠르게 확산되었다. 본 연구의 목적은 시화ㆍ반월 지역 중소기업들의 성과주의 인사제도가 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 성과주의 인사제도를 통제형과 몰입형으로 구분하고, 각각의 인사제도와 기업성과 및 인사관리 효과성간의 인과관계를 검증하여 학문적 및 실무적 차원에서 시사점을 제공하는데 있다. 연구가설에 대한 구조방정식 검증 결과, 중소기업의 경우 인사관리의 통제요소가 몰입요소보다 인사관리 효과성이나 기업성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 통제형 인사제도관행이 인사관리 효과성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것에 반해서 몰입형 인사요소는 통계적으로 유의하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중소기업을 대상으로 성과주의 인사제도를 통제형과 몰입형으로 구분하여 우리나라 인적자원관리를 연구했다는 점에서 의미를 찾을 수 있다. Performance-based HRM systems have been focused one of the company's competitive advantages as a survival strategy on the firms. Since the financial crisis in 1997, Korean firms have introduced performance-based HRM system. The performance of the Korean firms has improved continuously afterward. This study examined the effect of control-based HRM system and commitment-based HRM system on HRM effectiveness and firm financial performance. The financial performance and HRM effectiveness are critical factors as not only a organizational level also empirical practices. Based on sample of small and medium sized firms in Sihwa and Banwool industrial area, results of structural equation modeling indicated that control-based HRM systems were negatively and significantly related to HRM effectiveness, but were positively related to financial outcome. The findings in this study suggested that commitment-based HRM systems were positively related to financial outcome as hypothesized but were not significantly related to HRM effectiveness. So hypothesis 3 was not supported. Although I took a comprehensive approach, as long as the concept of a performance-based HRM system has yet to be academically defined, the performance-based HRM system drawn in this study lacks objectively.

성공적 지식경영요인이 조직유효성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

장석인(Chang, Sug In) 한국인적자원관리학회 2011 인적자원관리연구 Vol.18 No.4

1990년대 말부터 지식의 중요성이 강조되면서 학계와 재계 등 각계각층에서 지대한 관심사로 떠오르고 있다. 지식사회에서 성공하는 조직 근로자들은 지식을 자산으로 활용하여 경영성과를 높이고 있다. 성공한 기업이 지식경영을 근본적으로 시행하는 이유는 급격한 환경변화에 적절히 대응할 수 있는 방법을 찾고 경쟁력을 확보하여 궁극적으로 조직의 목표를 달성ㆍ생존하기 위한 것이다. 따라서 지식사회에서 조직의 생존과 성과는 그들이 지식을 어떻게 관리하고 활용하느냐에 달려있다. 본 연구의 목적은 선행연구를 통해 성공적인 지식경영요인을 검토하고, 천안에서 활동하고 있는 중소기업 종업원을 대상으로 최고경영자의 의지가 담긴 경영전략과 리더십, 조직의 기업문화, 정보기술시스템, 평가 및 보상 등의 지식경영 성공요인들과 지식공유 및 조직유효성간의 인과관계를 분석하는데 있다. 실증연구는 선행연구를 통해 설정된 연구가설을 검증하기 위해 SPSS 18.0과 AMOS 16을 사용하였다. 이러한 실증분석을 통한 본 연구의 결과는 앞으로의 디지털 사회 및 지식경영시대에서 각 조직의 지식경영활동에 필요한 시사점을 제공할 것이다. Recently, many companies have been interested in the performance of the knowledge management system, and accordingly a lot of researcher have performed on the performance. This study was intended to investigate knowledge management system for organizational effectiveness in Korean small and medium enterprises. The research included a survey of 263 employees of 30 Korean Small and Medium enterprises. From the test of a hypothesis to verify an influence of knowledge management factors on knowledge sharing systems, it turned out that CEO leadership, information technology, systems of appraisal and pay had a significant effects on the knowledge sharing systems. It was found that the factor with insignificant effects on knowledge sharing system was organizational culture. In addition, the hypothesis to verify the effects of the knowledge sharing systems on organizational effectiveness was accepted. In practice, this study presents a successful model for introduction of the knowledge management on the basis of the above-mentioned results of analysis. That is, by examining the influential relation between the factors for the successful management, this study can be said to base positive studies for successful models of the knowledge management. This study is useful in finding the effect of knowledge management assets of companies in Korea on the knowledge sharing and the organizational effectiveness by verifying the relationship of the assets, the sharing, and the effectiveness.

퀘백(Quebec)의 하이브리드(hybrid) 협동조합에 관한 연구

장석인 ( Sug-in Chang ),한경섭 ( Kyung-suep Han ),김영탁 ( Tak-young Kim ) 산업혁신경영연구원 2023 산업혁신경영연구 Vol.4 No.2

With the advent of the 4th industrial revolution, the principles of sharing, solidarity, and participation in digital platforms are being integrated into the concept of cooperatives in local communities. At the same time, new hybrid cooperatives and knowledge communities based on a voluntary and efficient sharing economy centered on people are emerging. These hybrid organizations value both intention and results, and the most representative methodology for this is Pro Bono. Networking and bridging between people with passion and creativity for social change exert the power to lead social change. Through this hybrid method, social economies such as social enterprises and village enterprises can be grown through mutual solidarity within local communities. As the capitalist market changes, various limitations and inefficiencies of the market and government are revealed. This study seeks to examine the meaning of community for people living in a specific region and the differences between general businesses. In addition, this study aims to contribute to the growth and practical development of the local community by analyzing the characteristics of hybrid cooperatives and cases of regional revitalization measures in Quebec City of Canada.