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장문백 한국콩연구회 1992 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.9 No.1
Feedstuffs consumed by ruminants are all initially exposed to fermentative activity in the rumen prior to gastric and intestinal digestion. The extent and type of transformation of feedstuffs thus determines the productive performance of the host. Opportunities for manipulation of rumen fermentation are good. However, successful manipulation and fell exploitation depend on a through understanding of the mechanisms involved. 1. Proteolysis results in oligopeptide production. These oligopeptides then undergo degradation to smaller peptides and amino acids. A comparison of peptide and amino acid used showed that peptides were more effectively incorporated into bacterial protein while a greater proportion of amino acids are not incorporated into bacterial protein per se but undergo rapid deamination providing ammonia for bacterial growth. The most specific amino acids are leucine, isoleucine, and valine. 2. Heat treatment is the most commonly used physical method. Heating creates cross-linkages between and among peptide chains and to carbohydrates thereby lowering the solubility of feeds. However, a decrease in solubility does, not necessarily mean that heat-treated feeds have a decreased susceptibility to ruminal degradation. Heat treatment of protein supplements such as oilseeds (soybean) and oilseed meal (soybean meal: 130) can be accomplished as part of the extrusion process, by oven treatment, or by roasting. Energy expenditure and fixed costs are lower for roasting than for oven treatment, thereby warranting further research on this type of heat treatment. 3. Some benefits of heat treating raw soybean include greater acceptance by dairy cow and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor and urease enzyme present in the bean. Raw soybeans are a concentrated source of energy and protein especially suited for each lactation cows, and they can be economically channeled through ruminants when prices of vegetable oils are low. Feeding niacin to high producing cows in early lactation might counteract some of the disadvantages of adding fat to the diet by increasing protein synthesis and improving cellulose degradation in the rumen. In addition, reduced blood ketones, increased feed intake, and improved milk protein percentage have been reported as a result of feeding niacin.
대두박의 처리방법과 요소첨가 수준이 반추위 미생물 단백질합성 및 영양소 소화율에 미치는 영향 : In vitro Continuous Culture System 에 의한 연구
장문백 한국콩연구회 1991 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.8 No.1
본 시험은 反芻가축의 주요 식물성 단백질 사료인 대두박을 무처리, 고압증기 처리 및 건열 처리하여 反芻胃內의 蛋白質 分解率을 각각 80.26, 74.28 및.60.38%로 低下시킴으로써 과다한 ammonia의 發生을 抑制하고 微生物 蛋白質 合成에 必要한 부족된 nitrogen은 非蛋白態 窒素和合物인 尿素로 代贊 공급하여 飼料 蛋白質을 절약하고 그 利用性을 증진시키는데 목적이 있다. 따라서 本 硏究는 in vitro continuous culture system을 통하여 同窒素價로 飼料 蛋白質源의 일부를 尿素로 0, 1, 2 및 3% 代贊하였을 때 大豆粕 蛋白質의 處理 方法에 따른 NH₃-N利用性과 微生物 蛋白質 合成量의 變化 및 揮發性 脂肪酸 生成 등을 實驗 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. NH₃-N濃度(㎎/100㎖)는 尿素 0,1,2,3%로 尿素 代贊율이 높아질수록 전처리구에서 NH₃-N濃度가 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고 USBM에서보다는 ASBM 및 DSBM에서 낮았다. 2. Nylon bag 蛋白質 소화율( % )은 尿素 代贊水準이 높아질수록 增加하여 3% 代贊시 最高値를 나타냈으나 處理區別로는 큰 差異가 없었다. 3. Nylon bag cellulose 소화율(%)은 모든 處理區에서 尿素 處理水準이 1∼2%에서 가장 높았으나 處理區間에 差異는 없었다. 4. Nylon bag건물 소화율( % )은 尿素 代贊率이 높아질수록 增加하는 傾向이었으며 處理區別로는 큰 差異가 없었다(P>0.05) 5. 微生物蛋白質 합성량(㎎/100㎖)은 尿素添加水準이 1%일때 가장 높았고 無處理 大豆粕(USBM)이 處理 大豆粕(ASBM과 DSBM)에서 보다 높았다. 6. 總 揮發性 脂肪酸 生成量(mM/l)은 全 處理區 모두 1% 水準에서 最高値를 나타냈으며 또 無處理區 大豆粕에서 가장 높았다.