Lactobacillus pentosus 발효에 의한 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물의 항산화 및 세포보호 효과

박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),성준섭 ( Joon Seob Seong ),이건수 ( Keon Soo Lee ),박영민 ( Young Min Park ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),차미연 ( Mi Yeon Cha ),강희철 ( Hee Cheol Kang ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 대한화장품학회 2017 대한화장품학회지 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구에서는 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 70% 에탄올 추출물과 발효균주 Lactobacillus pentosus를 이용하여 발효시킨 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물에 대하여 항산화 및 세포보호 효과를 측정하였다. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용한 자유라디칼 소거 활성(FSC₅₀)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물 및 발효추출물이 각각 42.3 및 34.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후의 라디칼 소거활성이 약 18.4% 더 높게 나타났다. Lumiol-의존성 화학발광법을 이용한 Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂계에서의 총 항산화능(OSC₅₀) 평가에서도 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물은 각각 2.6 및 2.5 μ g/mL로 발효 후가 약 4.2% 정도 더 높은 총 항산화능을 나타냈다. ¹O₂로 유도된 적혈구 세포손상에 있어서 추출물 및 발효추출물의 세포 보호 효과(τ₅₀)는 50 μ g/mL에서 각각 126.4 및 173.0 min을 나타내어 발효 후 세포 보호 효과가 약 34.0% 더 높게 나타났다. 발효추출물은 지용성 항산화제로 알려진 (+)-α-tocopherol (43.4 min)보다도 3.9배 높은 세포 보호 활성을 보여주었다. 사람 섬유아세포인 Hs68을 대상으로 elastase 저해 활성을 조사하였다. Elastase 저해 활성(IC₅₀)은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 추출물과 발효추출물에서 각각 873.6 및 687.8 μ g/mL로 발효 후에 elastase 저해 활성이 약 21.3% 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과들은 담쟁이덩굴 줄기 발효추출물이 항산화 작용과 더불어 주름개선 효과를 가지는 천연 화장품 소재로써 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. In this study, the antioxidant activities, cellular protective effects, and inhibitory effects on elastase of non-fermented and fermented extracts of Parthenocissus tricuspidata (P. tricuspidata) stem using Lactobacillus pentosus were investigated. The free radical scavenging activities (FSC₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 42.3 and 34.5 μg/mL, respectively, in which the activity after fermentation was approximately 18.4% higher. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities (OSC₅₀) in Fe³⁺-EDTA/H₂O₂ system of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 2.6 and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 4.2% higher. In the ¹O₂-induced cellular damage of erythrocytes, the cellular protective effects (τ₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 126.4 and 173.0 min at 50 μg/mL, respectively. The activity after fermentation was approximately 34.0% higher. The effect of fermented extract was 3.9 times higher than (+)-α-tocopherol (τ₅₀ = 43.4 min), known as a lipophilic antioxidant at 50 μg/mL. The inhibitory effect of elastase was investigated to predict the anti-wrinkle efficacy using Hs68 human fibroblasts cells. The elastase inhibitory activities (IC₅₀) of non-fermented and fermented extracts were 873.6 and 687.8 μg/mL, respectively, and the activity after fermentation was approximately 21.3% higher. These results indicated that fermented extract of P. tricuspidata stem has potentials as natural cosmetic ingredients with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle effect.

올리브 오일의 에스터 교환반응 생성물의 TLC를 이용한 조성비 분석 및 화장품에의 응용가능성 평가

박소현 ( So Hyun Park ),신혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Shin ),김아랑 ( A Rang Kim ),정효진 ( Hyo Jin Jeong ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),홍인기 ( In Kee Hong ),이대봉 ( Dae Bong Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ) 한국공업화학회 2018 공업화학 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구에서는 올리브 오일의 에스터 교환반응으로 생성된 복합소재(olive oil esters)의 화장품 응용을 위해 물리화학적 성질, 유화력, 보습력 및 세포독성을 평가하였다. 실험에는 반응시간이 짧은 olive oil esters S와 반응시간이 긴 oliveoil esters L을 사용하였다. 먼저 TLC 이미지 분석으로 조성비를 확인한 결과, olive oil esters S의 조성은 mono-, di-,tri-glyceride가 5.2, 24.1, 46.4%이었고, fatty acid ethyl ester는 21.9%이었다. Olive oil esters L은 mono-, di-, tri-glyceride가 4.1, 24.7, 40.6%이었고, fatty acid ethyl ester는 28.8%이었다. 올리브 오일 에스터를 화장품에 사용하기 위한 기준 및 시험방법 설정을 위해 요오드가, 산가, 검화가, 불검화물, 굴절률, 비중 및 순도시험을 수행하였고 표준화시켰다. 또한 올리브 오일 에스터의 유화력 평가로서, 계면활성제 없이 O/W 에멀전을 제조하여 유화 입자를 확인하였다. 올리브오일 에스터를 사람 피부에 도포 5일 후, 피부 수분 보유량은 초기보다 13.1% 개선되었다. 피부 세포에 대한 독성을 평가한 결과, 올리브 오일 에스터는 0.2-200 μg/mL에서 세포 생존율 90% 이상을 나타내 안전성이 확인되었다. 결과적으로 올리브 오일 에스터는 화장품 산업에서 천연/무독성 원료로서 응용가능성이 있음을 시사하였다. In this study, the physicochemical properties, emulsifying capacity, moisture content and cytotoxicity of the composite material produced by transesterification reactions of the olive oil (olive oil esters) were investigated for cosmetic applications. Olive oil esters with short (S) and long (L) reaction times were studied. From the TLC-image analysis, composition ratios of the olive oil esters S were found to be 5.2, 24.1, 46.4, and 21.9% for mono-, di-, tri-glyceride, and fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. Those of the olive oil esters L were 4.1, 24.7, 40.6, and 28.8% for mono-, di-, tri-glyceride, and fatty acid ethyl ester, respectively. The iodine value, acid value, saponification value, unsaponified matter, refractive index, and specific gravity were determined and purity tests were also carried out and normalized to establish standards and testing methods for using olive oil esters in cosmetics. To evaluate their emulsifying capacities, the O/W emulsion was prepared without surfactants and the formation of the emulsified particles were confirmed. After 5 days of applying the olive oil esters to human skin, the skin moisture retention was improved by 13.1% from the initial state. For the evaluation of toxicity on human skin cells, the olive oil esters showed 90% or more of the cell viability at 0.2-200 μg/mL. These results suggested that olive oil esters can be applied as natural/non-toxic ingredients to cosmetics industries.

학술발표 : 초청강연 : 유산소성운동이 혈장 글루타민 농도에 미치는 영향

나재철(Na Jae Chul),현송자(Hyun Song Ja),이상우(Lee Sang Woo) 한국운동영양학회 1997 한국운동영양학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.3

미국인의 국가 정체성

이현송(Lee Hyun Song) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2005 영미연구 Vol.13 No.-

  How the mainstream of American"s think of their national identity and persuade it to their people is analyzed by using the presidential address for one year since the outbreak of terrorist attacks in September 11th, 2001. I could confirm that a systemic shape of national identity is borne in his address, which is treated to be representative of the discourse of American mainstream.<BR>  Two theoretical resources are applied for the explanation of Americans" national identity. One is a socio-cultural approach to nationalism by Benedict Anderson and Pierre Bourdieu. The other is a version of religious nationalism, called civic religion. I found in his address that a set of universal values, often called "American Creed", hold an significant body of national identity, and that the religious concept of sacredness grounded upon Christianity serves an important role in their view of Americanness. Even though the diversity of Americans tends to draw attention along with the rising tide of Multiculturalism these days, I concluded, Americans still share a common national identity to a considerable extent, which consists principally of universal values and religiosity.

'미국인의 꿈' 이념의 사회적 의미

이현송(Hyun Song Lee) 한국사회이론학회 2007 사회이론 Vol.- No.31

이 글에서는 "미국인의 꿈" 이념의 사회적 배경과 정당화 기제 및 강점과 약점을 분석한다. "미국인의 꿈" 이념은 이민자의 경험을 배경으로 형성되었으며, 미국인 일반에게 강력하게 내재화되어 있는 믿음이다. "미국인의 꿈" 이념은 성공의 가능성, 성공의 대상, 성공하는 방법, 성공의 도덕성이라는 네 가지의 구성요소로 분석된다. 이민자가 계속 유입하면서 만들어진 사회구조적 특성 때문에, 미국 사회의 사회이동 가능성이 다른 선진 산업사회보다 높지 않음에도, 이 이념은 강력한 설득력을 발휘하고 있다. "미국인의 꿈" 이념은 개인주의 및 자본주의 시장 경쟁과 선택적 친화성을 가진다. "미국인의 꿈" 이념은 강점과 결점을 동시에 내포한다. 개인의 능력과 창의성을 최대한 발휘하는 환경을 조성함으로서 생산성을 높이는 것이 가장 큰 장점이다. 반면 협동 작업을 어렵게 하고, 구조적인 요인을 소홀히 하며, 실패한 사람에게 과도한 도덕적 책임을 지우고, 획일적인 삶의 방식을 강요하며, 기득권을 옹호하는 보수성을 지닌다는 것은 이 이념의 약점이다. 인종주의와 불평등이 높은 미국 사회에서 미국인의 꿈 이념은 불안정한 기반 위에 있다. 이 이념으로부터 소외된 집단의 반사회적 행위로 초래되는 사회적 비용은 미국인의 삶의 질을 떨어뜨리고 사회적 위기를 유발할 수도 있다. American Dream ideology is analyzed in terms of social background, legitimation mechanism, and strength and weakness. The ideology, grounded on immigrants` experiences, has been internalized deeply in the psyche of Americans. It can be analyzed into four components; plausibility of success, target of success, method of success, and morality of success. By dint of the peculiar structure of social mobility created by continuous inflow of immigrants, the ideology commands a great extent of confirmity among Americans despite the fact that rate of mobility is not larger in American society than in any other industrialized ones. American Dream ideology has a selective affinity with individualism and the market competition of capitalistic economy. American Dream ideology has both strength and weakness to a large extent. It provides strong motivation to maximize individual`s creativity and endeavor, which results in high productivity and material affluence. On the other hand, the ideology hampers cooperation, neglects the consideration of structural factors, discourages the diversity of life patterns, and advocates vested interests. High racism and inequality of American society puts American Dream ideology on a fragile ground. The social and economic costs incurred by anti-social behaviors of estranged people from the ideology could lower quality of life and even threaten social order in American society.

자연 재해의 사회적 과정 - 미국의 허리케인 카트리나 수해 사례를 중심으로

이현송(Hyun Song Lee) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2006 영미연구 Vol.15 No.-

  This paper demonstrates that natural disasters are a result of the interaction of nature and society, particularly emphasizing the social processes lurking behind the risk of floods. The disadvantaged cannot but be marginalized to the periphery of insecurity, and their interests are ignored where they are the recipients of social investment for coping with possible natural disasters. To the disadvantaged, the risk of natural disaster is received in comparison to other risks they are exposed to in their lives, such as poverty, unemployment, illness, accident etc. They choose to live in an unsafe area because other kinds of risk is much greater to them when they live in other places.<BR>  The majority of refugees from Hurricane Katrina were African-Americans, because they are the marginalized class in the American society. They were deprived of any opportunity to live in a safe area. In the Hurricane Katrina, I could find that class is much important factor to determine the life chances of the disadvantaged than race.

아시아계 미국인의 사회경제적 지위: 미국 출생 세대를 중심으로

이현송(Hyun-Song Lee) 한국아메리카학회 2017 美國學論集 Vol.49 No.3

This paper surveys the socioeconomic achievements of US-born Asian Americans and related controversies. The first issue concerns whether US-born Asian Americans are rewarded appropriately for the efforts they put in. They don’t suffer pecuniary disadvantage in the labor markets, but still make limited success in advancing in the areas where social and cultural capital prevails in status attainment. The second issue concerns whether Asian American’s success fits with the stereotype of “Model Minority” and the ideology of “American Dream.” Since the US-born Asian Americans could obtain high academic achievement and good occupations by dint of their parent’s middle class background in their origin countries, the stereotype and the ideology don’t fit with their experiences. The third issue concerns the internal diversity and disparity among Asian Americans. The wide diversity and disparity within and between ethnic groups have shrunk in US-born generations compared to their parents. The paper projects that the US-born Asian Americans will keep advancing into the areas where they have been sparsely represented so far despite a substantial pocket of poor people among them.

Water - Ethylene Glycol , Methanol - Ethylene Glycol , Pentanol - Ethylene Glycol 에 대한 기액 평형

이현송,윤지호,이흔 ( Hyun Song Lee,Ji Ho Yoon,Huen Lee ) 한국화학공학회 1992 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.30 No.5

Isobaric vapor-liquid equilibria for the three binary systems water-ethylene glycol, methanol-ethylene glycol and pentanol-ethylene glycol were measured at 760±5 mmHg by using a vapor recirculatory still. The experimental data were correlated with the Wilson, UNIQUAC and NRTL equations.

미국인의 소득 불평등 인식과 인종

이현송(Hyun Song Lee) 한국아메리카학회 2014 美國學論集 Vol.46 No.3

This study identifies the determinants of American's perception of income inequality by using the 2012 American National Election Studies dataset. The perception of income inequality is measured by a combination of two variables; whether they recognize the increase of income gap over the past 20 years and whether they think the increased income inequality is good for the United States. The perception of income inequality increases when they get older and live in the Mid West. Protestants perceive inequality less than those of other religions or non-religion. The more educated, the more do they perceive the income inequality. On the other hand family income has no significant relationship with the perception of income inequality. Differently from the commonsense, this research demonstrates, it is not the fact of being African-Americans or Hispanics that has significant effect on the perception of inequality. Instead racial prejudice is the real cause to have impact on the perception of income inequality. The close relationship of racial problem and the perception of income inequality is proven in that many explanatory variables affect on the perception differently among White, African American and Hispanics. The three groups display quite different effects in religion, immigrant status, and racial prejudice, while they show similar effects in age, education and political orientation. This research is meaningful in finding the fact that the perception of income inequality is related not to race itself but to racial attitudes on the one hand, and to the ideology of American Dream cherished by immigrants on the other.

소득이 주관적 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

이현송(Hyun Song Lee) 한국인구학회 2000 한국인구학 Vol.23 No.1

본 논문에서는 한국노동연구원에서 1998년에 수집한 “한국노동패널조사” 자료를 이용하여 소득과 만족도로 측정된 주관적 삶의 질간의 관계를 집중적으로 검토해 보았다. 가구 소득, 가족관계, 여가활동, 주거환경, 근로활동의 5개 삶의 개별영역들에 대한 만족도가 전반적인 삶의 만족도의 50% 이상을 설명하는 데, 그 중 수입에 대한 만족도만으로도 40% 이상이 설명되며, 수입에 대한 만족과 전반적 만족간에는 체감의 관계가 있는 것을 발견하였다. 우리나라 사람들은 자신의 생활에 보통 이하의 만족을 느끼고 있다고 보고하고 있다. 실제 소득과 소득만족도와의 연관은 그렇게 크지 않으며, 이는 가구 소득의 경우에나 개인 소득의 경우에나 유사하게 실제 소득이 소득만족도의 10%정도의 변이만을 설명하고 있다. 서구의 연구 결과와 유사하게 모든 외적인 조건들을 생활만족도의 설명변수로 한 회귀분석 결과는 변량의 10% 정도만을 설명할 뿐인 것으로 나타난다. This study is focused on the relationship between income and subjective quality of life measured as satisfaction of life. Life is divided into five areas analytically : household income, family, work, leasure, and dwelling environment. An regression analysis showed that more than 50 percent of variation of satisfaction of one’ s whole life are explained by the satisfaction with these five areas of life. The satisfaction with income turned out to be particularly important. explaining as much as 40% of whole life satisfaction. I also found that the satisfaction with income provides diminishing returns on whole life satisfaction. Koreans report they are unsatisfied rather than satisfied on average with their lives. Despite a large degree of relationship between satisfaction. of income and satisfaction of whole life, real income is related to a small extent to the satisfaction of whole life. The explanatory power of income on life satisfaction is as little as 10 percent. These findings suggest that objective conditions of life have minimal impact on subjective quality of life among Koreans, even though income is relatively more important for their lives than other areas of life.