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하다마드 변환의 적응적 적용을 이용한 고속 움직임 예측 알고리즘
이혁,김종호,진순종,정제창,Lee, Hyuk,Kim, Jong-Ho,Jin, Soon-Jong,Jeong, Je-Chang 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.8c
본 논문에서는 $4{\times}4$ 단위의 하다마드 변환을 이용한 새롭고 효과적인 움직임 예측 알고리즘을 제안한다. 하다마드 변환은 덧셈과 뺄셈으로만 이루어져 있기 때문에 고속 알고리즘에 적합하다는 장점이 있다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 세 단계로 이루어져 있다. 먼저 하다마드 DC(Direct Current) 계수를 이용하여 움직임 추정의 조기종결여부를 블록의 특성에 적응적으로 적용하고 이전 프레임의 움직임 벡터를 이용할지를 결정한 다음, 하다마드 AC(Alternating Current) 계수를 이용하여 영상의 복잡도를 구하여 정합 스캔 순서를 적응적으로 결정한다. 마지막으로 제안하는 알고리즘을 MVFAST와 PMVFAST 알고리즘에 적용했다. 모의 실험 결과 제안하는 알고리즘은 계산 속도와 PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 면에서 MVFAST와 PMVFAST 알고리즘에 비해 매우 효율적임을 나타냈다. In this paper, we propose a new, effective, fast motion estimation algorithms using $4{\times}4$ pixels Hadamard transform. The Hadamard transform has the advantage of simplicity because it uses only addition and subtraction. Motion estimation is composed of three stages. First, it should be decided whether to terminate the search early and use a previous motion vector with DC(Direct Current) coefficients. Then the adaptive matching scan order for motion estimation should be determined according to the image complexity using AC(Alternating Current) coefficients. Experimentally, we adapted this algorithms to MVFAST and PMVFAST algorithms, and the proposed algorithms turn out to be very efficient in terms of computational speed while remaining almost the same in terms of PSNR(Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio) compared to MVFAST and PMVFAST algorithms.
한·베트남 수교 30주년, 지속가능한 관계 발전을 향하여
이혁 ( Lee Hyuk ) 한국외교협회 2022 외교 Vol.142 No.0
금년 수교 30주년을 맞는 한·베트남 관계는 짧은 기간 동안 한국과 외교관계의 역사가 훨씬 긴 다른 아세안 국가들 보다 훨씬 깊은 파트너십을 발전시켜왔다. 한국 정부는 북방정책의 일환으로 한·베트남 수교를 적극 추진하였고, 베트남 정부는 1986년에 개혁·개방 노선으로 전환한 이래 한국과의 경제협력을 적극 추진할 필요가 있었다. 이제 한국은 베트남의 최대 해외투자국이고 베트남은 한국의 제4위 교역대상국이다. 한국 기업들은 베트남의 저렴하고 양질의 노동력을 활용하여 제조업, 서비스, 물류, 건설 등 다양한 분야에 급속히 진출했다. 다만, 앞으로 한·베트남 관계가 현재와 같은 양상으로 계속 발전해 나가리라 생각해서는 안 되며, 새로운 패러다임을 추구해 나가야 한다. 첫째, 베트남의 국민소득 증가에 따라 우리 기업들의 노동집약적 분야에서 기술집약적 분야에로의 투자 전환이 요구되고 있다. 둘째, 미·중 대결이란 시대상황을 감안, 미국의 동맹국인 한국이 미국, 일본 등과 베트남에서 경제, 기술분야에서의 연계를 맺어 한·미동맹의 심화를 추구해 볼 필요가 있다. 셋째, 전략적 차원뿐 아니라 국민 간의 정서적 교감을 통하여 한·베트남 우호친선을 고조시키는 것이 지속적인 한·베트남 협력과 교류에 기여할 것이다. Korea’s relationship with Vietnam, despite its relatively short history of 30 years, has been leaping much faster than those with other ASEAN countries. Korean government’s Nothern Policy which aimed to open diplomatic ties with former communist nations served to expedite the establishment of diplomatic relations with Vietnam which has made all-out efforts to rebuild the war-torn and backward country through reform and opening up. Korea is now the biggest foreign investor to Vietnam whereas Vietnam is Korea’s fourth largest trading partner. Korean companies have made forays into almost all the sectors of Vietnamese economy, ranging from manufacturing to services, construction and etc. However, I think the time has come for our bilateral partnership to need a structural change and look for a new horizon. Firstly, Korean companies are required to focus on investing in a technology-intensive areas rather than labor-intensive areas as Vietnam has been fast growing into a mid-income nation. Secondly, from the perspective of an increasing US-China rivalry, Korea need to partner with the US and even Japan in doing business in Vietnam as part of expanding ROK-US alliance relationship into an economic and technological sector. Thirdly, Korea should seek to deepen the relations with Vietnam not only out of a cold strategic calculation, but also by increasing people to people exchanges and enhancing mutual friendship and trust.
의사의 청진기 진찰과 환자의 부정적 감정 경험과의 관계
이혁 ( Hyuk Lee ),제민지 ( Min Ji Je ),천경주 ( Kyung Ju Chun ),이상옥 ( Sang Ok Lee ),장철훈 ( Chulhun Ludgerus Chang ),이창형 ( Chang Hyung Lee ),김성수 ( Sung Soo Kim ) 대한의료커뮤니케이션학회 2015 의료커뮤니케이션 Vol.10 No.2
Purpose: This study is to examine patients`` experiences of negative emotions during auscultation and to find out the reasons for the patients`` emotional experiences and differences according to gender and obesity. Methods: Questionnaire was administrated to two hundred adults. The questionnaire consists of items asking the respondents whether they have experienced negative emotions during a stethoscope examination, and what caused the emotions. Results: More than half of the respondents (69%) said that they have experienced negative emotions during auscultation, and the most frequently mentioned reason (64.5%) for their negative emotion was their discomfort of exposing their body. For those with no negative emotion, said that they (61.3%) did not have negative emotion because they believed that the auscultation was necessary. Many of them (51.6%) said that the reason why they did not feel uncomfortable was that their doctor had explained well the purpose of using a stethoscope. Women and those who experienced negative emotion preferred the same gender of a doctor for auscultation (p=0.00, p=0.006, respectively). In addition, obese people experienced negative emotion more than normal weight people (p=0.017). Conclusion: The results show that physicians need to understand the fact that using auscultation could cause patients discomfort and negative emotions. Many of those respondents who were given sufficient explanation about the purpose of using a stethoscope by their doctors were less likely to feel negative emotions. To prevent patients from feeling unnecessary discomfort and to enhance doctor-patient relationship, physicians need to learn to become a competent communicator.