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이춘영 ( Li Chun-ying ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2018 儒學硏究 Vol.44 No.-
愼獨作爲儒家重要的修養工夫,宋代理學和心學對其各有闡發。朱熹將《中庸》中的愼獨和戒懼解讀爲兩種工夫,愼獨是已發之后爲善去惡的工夫,戒懼是心存敬畏、主敬存養的工夫;張九成認爲愼獨與戒懼相同,都是對天理本心的體認,這是一種直取本體的工夫路徑。二人愼獨思想存在差異的根本原因,是理學和心學對本體理解不同。朱熹之“性卽理”,是寂然不動的形而上本體;張九成之“心卽理”,是貫穿形而上形而下,貫穿已發未發的本體。因而朱熹的工夫論中必鬚要有心的思維作用,爲學與主敬幷重,方能貫通;張九成的工夫論中,心卽本體卽工夫,以心識心。朱熹與張九成愼獨思想的差異,正是心學與理學工夫論的根本分岐。 Restraining in privacy is an important cultivation effort of Confucianism, which was further developed by neo-Confucianism. When Zhu Xiinterpreted The Doctrine of the Mean, he distinguished Restraining in privacy from Being cautious and apprehensive (戒愼恐懼). Restraining in privacy was an effort when thoughts /emotions have arisen, but being cautious and apprehensive was an effort when thoughts /emotions haven’t arisen. Different from Zhu Xi, Zhang Jiucheng took Restraining in privacy and Being cautious and apprehensive as one effort, which was way to reach noumenon. The difference between their theories of effort rooted in the difference of their theory of noumenon. Zhu Xi regarded human nature as heaven principle, and Zhang Jiucheng regarded heart-mind as heaven principle. In Zhu Xi’s thought, as noumenon, human nature was only in the state when thoughts /emotions haven’t arisen. But in Zhang Jiucheng’s thought, heart-mind was running through all the time, which could show itself no matter when thoughts /emotions have arisen or not. The noumenon is also the effort. The different between Zhu Xi and Zhang Jiucheng’s thought, is exactly the fundamental disagreement between the School of Principle and the School of Mind.
말채나무 추출물의 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 저해 활성
임채성,이춘영,김용무,이위영,이해익,Lim, Chae-Sung,Li, Chun-Ying,Kim, Yong-Mu,Lee, Wi-Young,Rhee, Hae-Ik 한국응용생명화학회 2005 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.48 No.1
${\alpha}-Amylase$ 저해제는 소장에서 전분의 소화를 저해하여 포도당의 흡수를 지연시킴으로써 혈당 조절 목적으로 이용된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 저해제를 탐색할 목적으로 국내 자생 목본류 약 1400여종의 70% ethanol 추출액을 대상으로 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 저해제 분포를 검색하였다. 수종의 목본류에서 ${\alpha}-amylase$ 저해제가 분포하고 있음이 확인되었으며, 그 중 활성이 비교적 높은 말채나무 기원의 저해제를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 기원별 효소에 따른 저해 활성도를 살펴보면 salivary와 pancreatic ${\alpha}-amylase$, 미생물 기원의 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$에는 탁월한 저해 활성을 보인 반면 돼지 기원의 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ 저해제에 대해서는 매우 낮은 저해 활성을 보였다. ${\alpha}-Amylase$와 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$의 kinetic을 분석하면 salivary와 pancreatic 두 효소에 모두 경쟁적 저해제로, 효모의 ${\alpha}-glucosidase$에는 비경쟁적과 반경쟁적의 혼합형 저해제로 나타났다. 또한 열과 산성에 대한 안정성을 확인한 결과 비교적 안정적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 추출물의 식이 섭취에 따른 혈당 강하 효과와 체중에 미치는 영향에서는 혈당과 체중 상승을 억제하는 효과가 확인되었고, mRNA수준에서 대퇴근 세포에 있어서 GLUT4의 발현이 증가됨을 확인하였다. ${\alpha}-Amylase$ inhibitor is used to control blood glucose level by inhibiting starch digestion in the small intestine and delaying the absorption of glucose. In this study, we investigated the effect of the ethanol extracts from more than 1400 species of plants against ${\alpha}-amylase$ with the aim of developing a new ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibitor. In the results, Cornus walteri extracts showed the highest inhibition activity. The inhibitory effect of Cornus walteri extract on the carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes has different sensitivities against ${\alpha}-amylase$ from salivary and pancreatin and against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ from yeast and porcine small intestine. In the study of inhibition kinetics of ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, Cornus walteri extract showed competitive inhibition against salivary and pancreatin while showing the combination of uncompetitive and noncompetitive inhibition against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. The Cornus walteri extract was stable at acidic and thermal conditions. As for the blood glucose and body weight levels of Cornus walteri extract, we confirmed anti-hyperglycemic and anti-obesity effects. Also, in the investigation of the mRNA lever, Cornus walteri extract upregulated the level of GLUT4 mRNA in the quadriceps muscle.