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이천환,이선일,류근원,목영재,Lee Chun-Hwan,Lee Sun-Il,Ryu Keun-Won,Mok Young-Jae 대한위암학회 2001 대한위암학회지 Vol.1 No.3
Purpose: Although gastric carcinomas occur throughout the world and the incidence is on the decrease, they remain the most common type of carcinoma in Korea. Significant advancements in the diagnostics and the surgical treatment of gastric carcinomas have been achieved during the last three decades. The present retrospective study was undertaken to investigate the chronological changes in the clinical features, including clinicopathological findings, operative treatment, and prognosis of gastric carcinomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 1973 patients with a primary gastric adenocarcinoma who had been treated surgically during the period from 1983 to 1998 at the Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, were divided into two groups to evaluate chronological changes: 1007 patients had been treated during the period from 1983 to 1992 (early period) and 966 patients during the period from 1993 to 1998 (late period). Chronological changes in age, sex, ratio of early gastric cancer (EGC), and resectability were analyzed in all 1973 cases. For the 1755 resected cases, we also studied the chronological changes in the clinicopathological and treatment factors between the early-period (n=894) and the late-period (n=867) groups. Results: There were significant differences between the two periods with regard to age and ratio of EGC: EGC was more frequent in the late period. Univariate analysis of resected cases showed that gross type, tumor size, depth of invasion, UICC stage, and histological type were statistically significant. The analysis of the treatment factors revealed that total gastrectomies and extended lymphadenectomies were more frequent during the late period. The number of lymph nodes dissected was $26.0\pm12.7$ in the early period and $33.4\pm14.1$ in the late period (p<0.01). The 5-year survival rate in all cases was $51.4\%$ in the early period and $55.9\%$ in the late period. The stage-related survival rates (UICC 4th Ed., 1987) in the early vs. the late periods were $92.9\%\;vs.\;95.5\%$ in stage IA, $82.1\%\;vs.\;91.1\%$ in stage IB, $76.5\%\;vs.\;73.1\%$ in stage II, $46.5\%\;vs.\;52.1\%$ in stage IIIA, $14.5\%\;vs.\;33.6\%$ in stage IIIB, and $2.8\%\;vs.\;8.8\%$ in stage IV. There was a statistically significant difference in survival between stage IIIB and IV. Conclusion: These results suggest that the differences in the clinicopathological findings are related primarily to the increased number of early gastric cancer cases in the late period and that the improved survival noted during the late period for in stage IIIB and IV cancers might be related to extended surgery.
EURO-Ⅳ 대응 대형디젤 후처리 시스템 실용성 평가 및 선행기술개발
김성중(Sung-jung Kim),이천환(Chun-Hwan Lee),서동규(Dong-Kyu Seo),김덕진(Deok-Jin Kim),이춘범(Chun-Beom Lee),임철수(Chul-Soo Yim),류정호(Jung-Ho Ryu),한현식(Hyun-sik Han),이동인(Dong-in Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
When there have been more needs about high efficiency vehicles as the every country's CO2 reduction policies and a dearth of petroleum fuel, the best way to meet that requirements is a vehicle powered by diesel engine. In diesel engine vehicles there are more advantages of fuel efficiency about 20% but somethings to get over problems about the nano-particle and NOx emission.<br/> In this paper, diesel after-treatment systems are evaluated and tested so that optimal technologies are developed for simultaneous PM/NOx reduction of H/D diesel engine to meet the EURO-Ⅳ regulation. For the reduction of PM, two different size hybrid DPF (DOC+catalyzed DPF) are used and for the preceding technique of DeNOx, elementary after-treatment dosing system is made and basically tested. After test, HDPF systems had 85~94% PM reduction rate and reduced nano-particle number to 95%. But sulfate and NOx, another emission factors was also reduced to the regulation of EURO-Ⅳ. From this results, it seems to be possible to meet the EURO-Ⅳ at PM reduction as using that HSPF technology.