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론문(論文) : 국가주의와 역사의 착종성: 다카무레 이쓰에(高群逸枝)를 중심으로
이선이 ( Sun Yi Lee ) 이화사학연구소 2014 梨花史學硏究 Vol.0 No.49
This study is an essay intended to consider a few issues relating to women’s history by examining Takamure Itsue(1894-1964). Therefore, it aims to reflect on the fundamental topics of history, such as the implications for history of Takamure’s actions as a feminist and female historian, rather than historically studying Takamure as an individual. Takamure Itsue was born in Kumamoto Prefecture on January 18, 1894. Her father was a primary school principal and he taught Chinese classics to his daughter in a countryside blessed by nature. Takamure’s preference for classics and history originates from her father’s Chinese education and her mother’s influence from childhood, which later formed the foundation for her historical research. This study focuses on the 1930s and 1940s in particular, during which period she devoted herself to studying women’s history by immersing herself in it from 1931 onwards. This period coincides with the time when Japan became increasingly involved in the Sino-Japanese War, which makes her indispensable when studying the situations and ideologies of the time. Starting out as an anarchist, Takamure published a number of fanatical texts around 1931 that praised the war, justifying the ‘Pacific War’ as a ‘holy war’ under the logic of ‘marriage harmony(婚姻和協).’ Before then, she had been a defender of the urban lower classes and farm villagers who had fallen into financial difficulties due to the influences of urbanization and industrialization. She advocated for ‘anti-home’ and ‘anti-citizen’ as a critic of modernization more intense than any other. What this study aims to focus on is to examine why she, who had been so cool-headed and had such a critical mind regarding modernity (as shown by ‘anti-home’ and ‘anti-citizen’), could not keep her distance from the modern state and people that had recently come into power. Furthermore, what are the historical and social implications for the course of ‘history’ when an anti-modernist and anarchist converts to being a supporter? These are the two questions this study aims to answer. Takamure found an alternative form of ‘anti-modernism’ (represented by ‘anti-home’ and ‘anti-citizen’) in the ancient kingdom of Japan, stating that the integration of the ancient Japanese kingdom was achieved, not by armed conquest, but by marriage harmony or genealogical ties, which was possible thanks to the existence of the maternal clan since ancient times. Moreover, she declared, “there is no question but that foreign civilizations are inferior to the Japanese civilization that is built on the conscious foundation of the harmony of clans.” As such, her ‘inspiration’ for ‘anti-modernism’ was in the ‘Japanese state’ and ‘people’. Furthermore, Takamure’s assessment that she “thought the true meaning of history is ‘history that gives courage for women to live’ and not history that conveys what happened as it is” shows what she considered the meaning of history to be at a time that was seen as a critical period for Japan. However, there are criticisms of the fact that Takamure’s studies involved ‘creating theories.’ This, perhaps, shows an example of how history is “not something that conveys what happened as it is” but “something that poses ‘current’ problems about ‘the past,’” as merely one of the possible narrations of the past, limited by the ideology of the historian as well as by the methodologies based on that ideology.
만해 한룡운(韓龍雲) 문학(文學)에 나타난 탈식민주의적(脫植民主義的) 인식
이선이 ( Lee Sun-yi ) 한국어문교육연구회 2003 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.31 No.2
本 硏究는 萬海 韓龍雲 文學에 나타난 脫植民主義的 認識을 밝히는 데 그 目的이 있다. 이는 기존의 연구가 지나치게 萬海 文學의 民族主義的 性格만을 부각시키고 있다는 점에 대한 批判意識에서 출발한다. 만해의 사상적 측면을 살펴보면, 그는 언제나 普遍思想으로서의 世界平和思想 안에서 민족 독립의 정당성을 주장하였다. 이러한 사상적 지향성은 문학 작품에서 脫植民主義的 認識의 표출로 드러난다. 따라서 本 硏究에서는 萬海의 詩와 小說에 나타난 탈식민주의적 인식을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 作品 分析은 식민주의에 대한 批判과 克服 樣相을 중심 내용으로 한다. 이를 통해 萬海 韓龍雲 文學은 단순한 抗日文學이나 民族文學이 아니라 近代性과 帝國主義에 대한 적극적 대응이라는 탈식민주의적 성격을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다. This article intends to clarify the perceptions of the post colonialism found in the literature of Manhae Han, Yong-un. The study starts with the criticism that the existing studies have only highlighted the nationalistic characters of his literature. As to his ideological aspects, Manhae has always insisted the legitimacy of national independence within the idea of world peace as the general philosophy. Such an ideological orientation may be viewed as the tendency toward the post colonialism. Thus, this article looked specifically into the characters of the post colonialism found in the poems and novels of Manhae. The analysis of his works was focused on the contents relating to the criticism and survival patterns of the colonialism. The analysis shows that the literature of Manhae Han, Yong-un is not merely of anti-Japanese or nationalistic natures, but that it contains the post colonialistic features of aggressive responses to the modernism and imperialism.