상추를 먹이로 공급할 때 싸리수염진딧물 성충의 수명과 생명표

이상계,김형환,김태흥,박길준,김광호,김지수,Lee, Sang-Guei,Kim, Hyeong-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Heung,Park, Gil-Jun,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Kim, Ji-Soo 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.47 No.4

싸리수염진딧물(Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach)의 성충 수명과 산자수를 $12.5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$, 상대습도 $60{\sim}70%$, 광주기 16L:8D 조건에서 조사하여 생명표를 작성하였다. 싸리수염진딧물 성충은 $12.5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서의 수명이 $34.3{\sim}10.5$일로 온도의 상승에 따라 성충기간이 짧아졌다. 산자수는 $15^{\circ}C$에서 74.1마리로 최고치를 보였으며, $15{\sim}25^{\circ}C$에서는 온도가 상승함에 따라 산자수가 감소하였으나, $12.5^{\circ}C$에서는 47.0마리로 온도가 낮아짐에 따라 산자수가 적어지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 싸리수염진딧물 성충의 일일 산자수는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 2.9마리였고, $12.5^{\circ}C$에서 1.4마리와 $30^{\circ}C$에서 1.3마리로 온도가 높거나 낮아지면 일일산자수가 적어졌다. 싸리수염진딧물 약충 발육시 사망률과 성충 수명, 산자수를 이용하여 생명표를 작성하였는데 싸리수염진딧물은 순증가율(Ro)이 $15^{\circ}C$에서 58.7, 내적자연증가율($r_m$)은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 0.27, 기간증가율(${\lambda}$)은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 1.32이었으며, 배수기간(Dt)은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 2.52, 세대기간(T)은 $22.5^{\circ}C$에서 10.99로 가장 짧았다. Adult longevity and fecundity of the foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach, were studied at $12.5{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ with $60{\sim}70%$ RH under 16L:8D and the results were put together to build a life table. The longevity of foxglove gradually increased with decreasing temperature below $25^{\circ}C$. Also total fecundity increased with decreasing temperature and highest fecundity was 74.1 nymphs per female at $15^{\circ}C$. However, daily fecundity increased with increasing temperatures up to $20^{\circ}C$ showing 2.9 nymphs per day and thereafter decreased. Net reproduction rate ($R_0$) was highest of 58.7 at $15^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of increase per day ($r_m$) and the finite rate of increase per day (${\lambda}$) were highest of 0.27 and 1.32, respectively and the doubling time (Dt) was shortest of 2.52. the mean generation time (T) was 10.99 at $22.5^{\circ}C$.

상추에서의 싸리수염진딧물(Aulacorthum solani)의 발육과 발육모형

이상계,김형환,김태흥,박길준,김광호,김지수,Lee, Sang-Guei,Kim, Hyeong-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Heung,Park, Gil-Jun,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Kim, Ji-Soo 한국응용곤충학회 2008 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.47 No.4

싸리수염진딧물(Aulacorthum solani)의 온도별 발육상을 조사하기 위해 $12.5^{\circ}C$에서 $27.5^{\circ}C$까지 $2.5^{\circ}C$ 간격으로 7개 온도에서 조사를 하였으며, 상대습도는 $65{\pm}5%$, 광주기는 16L:8D 조건으로 처리하였다. 일반적으로 진딧물의 약충 단계는 1령${\sim}$4령까지로 구분하나 본 연구에서는 1${\sim}$2령과 3${\sim}$4령으로 구분하였다. 대부분의 온도에서 사망률은 1${\sim}$2령과 3${\sim}$4령 약충이 유사하였으나, $27.5^{\circ}C$에서는 오히려 3${\sim}$4령의 사망률이 66.7%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 온도별 발육기간은 $12.5^{\circ}C$에서 16.9일로 가장 길었고 온도가 상승함에 따라 점차 짧아져 $22.5^{\circ}C$에서는 6.6일로 가장 짧았으나, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 오히려 7.4일로 발육 기간이 길어지는 양상을 보였다. 약충의 발육영점온도는 $0.08^{\circ}C$이고, 유효적산온도는 162.8일도였다. 각 온도별 발육률은 변형된 Sharpe와 DeMichele의 비선형 모형에 잘 적합 되었다. 발육단계별 발육기간을 표준화하여 누적시킨 값을 3개의 변수를 갖는 Weibull function에 적용했을 때 1${\sim}$2령 < 3${\sim}$4령 < 전체 약충 순으로 발육기간이 짧아지는 경향을 보여 주었고, $r^2$는 0.86${\sim}$0.91로 나타났다. The development of Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach) was studied at temperatures ranging from 12.5 to $27.5^{\circ}C$ under $65{\pm}5%$ RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L:D). Mortality of $1st{\sim}2nd$ nymph was higher than that of $3rd{\sim}4th$ nymph at the most temperature ranges whereas at high temperature of $27.5^{\circ}C$, more $3{\sim}4th$ nymph stage individuals died. The total developmental time ranged from 16.9 days at $12.5^{\circ}C$ to 6.6days at $22.5^{\circ}C$, suggesting that higher the temperature, faster the development. However, at higher temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ the development took 7.4 days. The lower developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulative temperatures for the total immature stage were $0.08^{\circ}C$ and 162.8 day-degreeslated development. The nonlinear shape of temperature rewas well described by the modified Sharpe and DeMichele model. When the normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental times for each life stage were fitted to the three-parameter Weibull function, attendance of shortened developmental times was apparent with in $1{\sim}2nd$ nymph, $3{\sim}4th$ nymph, and total nymph stages in descending order. The coefficient of determination $r^2$ ranged between 0.86 and 0.91.

Insecticidal activity of flupyrazofos against Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sang-Guei Lee(李相桂),Chang-Yeon Hwang(黃昌淵),Jai-Ki Yoo(劉載起),Si-Woo Lee(李時雨),Byung-Ryul Choi(崔柄烈),Jeang-Oon Lee(李正云) 한국농약과학회 1997 농약과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Penetrations of flupyrazofos against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae) and Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

Sang-Guei Lee(이상계),Chang-Yeon Hwang(황창연),Man-Jong Han(한만종),Jai-Ki Yoo(유재기),Hoi-Seon Lee(이회선) 한국농약과학회 2000 농약과학회지 Vol.4 No.1

Tolerance mechanism to flupyrazofos was examined with Plutella xylostella (L.) and Spodoptera exigua by investigating the penetration rate of flupyrazofos into larvae body. On determining effective washing of ¹⁴C-flupyrazofos, the washing volume to recover over 98% of ¹⁴C-flupyrazofos was observed at three times (each time: 1 mL). To select a suitable solvent, the recovery rates of each solvent in 3rd instar larvae of DBM were above 98%, but the washing rates of acetone, hexane and ethyl-acetate were 85.1%, 67.2% and 68.4%, respectively. In the BAW larvae, although the recovery rates of each solvent were above 99%, the washing rates of acetone, hexane and ethyl-acetate were 83.5%, 65.9% and 71.7%, respectively. The PT?? values of ¹⁴C-flupyrazofos were 0.731 h (44 min) in the DBM larva and 0.54 h (30 min) in the BAW larva. Radiocarbon in acetone washing (external fraction decreased more quickly in the BAW larva than in the DBM larva, and amount of radiocarbon in larvae body increased more quickly with time in the DBM larva than in the BAW larva. In contrast, amount of radiocarbon in excreta increased more rapidly with time in the BAW larva than in the DBM larva.

Activities of esterase and acetylcholinesterase on the diamond backmoth, Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera : Yponomeutidae) and beet armywarm, Spodoptera exigua(Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) and inhibitions of acetylcholinesterase with flupyrazofos

Sang-Guei Lee(이상계),Gil-Hyong Chon(전길형),Hoi-Seon Lee(이회선),Chang-Yeon Hwang(황창연),Man-Jong Han(한만종),Hyung-Man Park(박형만) 한국농약과학회 2003 농약과학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The activities of esterase and acetylcholinesterase(AChE) on the Diamond backmoth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Beet armywarm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and inhibitions of AChE with flupyrazofos were clarified from the results of a series of experiments. These findings are described in brief as follows. The AChE activities of DBM and BA W in heads were 1.5~11.1l μ㏖/g/min in 1st~4th instar larvae of DBM and 1.7~45.2 μ㏖/g/min in lst~6th instar larvae of BAW, respectively. Those were 25-30 times higher in above 4th instar larvae of BAW than that of the 1st instar larvae of DBM. The activities of aliesterase in heads were 1.7~4.7 times higher in 2nd~4th instar larvae of DBM and 8~55 times higher in 3rd~6th instar larvae of BAW than 1st instar larvae of DBM. In abdomens, those were 3-17 times higher in 2nd~4th instar larvae of DBM and 12~30 times higher in 3rd~6th instar larvae of BAW than 1st instar larvae of DBM. Median AChE inhibition concentration (I??) of flupyrazofos to the 2nd instar larvae of DBM and BA W were 92 nM and 15 μM, respectively, and those to the 4th instar larvae of DBM and BAW were 1.8 μM and 3.1 mM, respectively. Insensitivity ratio of flupyrazofos in the 2nd instar BAW larvae showed ca. 162 times higher than that in the 2nd instar larvae of DBM, and that of the 4th instar BAW larvae showed ca. 1,720 times higher insensitivity to flupyrazofos than that of the 4th instar DBM larvae. AChE activities in the 2nd instar larvae of DBM and BA W at 32 h after applicaton of flupyrazofos decreased from 67.6% to 32.4% of the activity of the untreated control. That of the 4th instar larvae of DBM increased for 0.5 h after application flupyrazofos up to 75% of the untreated control, and after that it decreased to 34.5% of the untreated control at 32 h. In contrast, in the 4th instar larvae of BAW AChE activities increased for 8 h gradually up to 102% of the activity of the untreated control, and then the activity decreased to 97% of the untreated control at 16 h after treatment.

국내에서 선발한 Bacillus thuringiensis sp. aizawai 균주의 주요 나방류 해충에 대한 살충 활성 및 배양특성

이상계(Sang-Guei Lee),최기현(Kee-Hyun Choi),이영수(Young-Su Lee),오경석(Kyeong Seok Oh),오정훈(Jeung-Hun O),최성원(Sung-Won Choi) 한국농약과학회 2006 농약과학회지 Vol.10 No.2

This experiment was conducted to select prominent microorganisms with a good insecticidal activity among the ten species, which isolated from soil at the near of Chung-buk, Chung-nam, and Gang-won provinces and made protein crystal endotoxin. As a result, GB-413 strain was finally selected, which showed the high insecticidal activity against susceptible diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), beet army worm (Spodoptera exigua) and tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) as well as resistant diamondback moth strains. By modifying the cultivation process f.g. lowing the glucose concentration at early cultivation stage and adding the carbon after inducing the spores, the percentage of making spore as well as the number of active spore were increased and the time for cultivation and spore forming was reduced without a reduction of insecticidal activity. These results were not only applied successfully for the optimized cultivation process for a fermentation tank containing five tons capacity, but also improved the possibility of mass cultivation for commercial production.

Insecticidal Activities of Various Vegetable Extracts against Five Agricultural Insect Pests and Four Stored-Product Insect Pests

Sang-Gil Lee(이상길),Ji-Doo Park(박지두),Cheol Song(송철),Kwang-Yun Cho(조광연),Sang-Guei Lee(이상계),Moo-Key Kim(김무기),Hoi-Seon Lee(이회선) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.2

Ethanol extracts from 46 vegetables were tested their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural insect pests and four stored-product insect pests. The efficacy varied with both agricultural insects/stored-product insects and vegetable species used. Potent insecticidal activities, at the concentration of 5,000 ppm, were produced from extracts of Nelumbo nucifera and Ulva lactuca against Myzus persicae, Zea mays and Z. mays(leaf) against Niiaparoata lugens, Citrullus vulgaris(seed) and U. lactuca against Plutella xylostella, N. nucifera, Z. mays, and Z. mays(leaf) against Spodoptera litura, and C. vulgaris (seed), Daucus carota, Helianthus annuus (leaf), H. annuus (flower), Lactuca sativa, and Zingiber officinale against Tetranychus urticae. Potent insecticidal activities at the concentration of 2,500 ppm were exhibited from the extracts of N. nucifera and U. lactuca against M. persicae, Z. mays against N. lugens, C. vulgaris (seed) and U. lactuca against P. xylostella, N. nucifera and Z. mays against S. liiura, and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (flower), and L. sativa against T. urticae. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, extracts of C. vulgaris (seed) and Cucurbita moschata (seed) against Sitophilus oryzae and C. vulgaris (seed), H. annuus (seed), and Z. officinale against Plodia interpunctella revealed potent insecticidal activities over 80% mortality. In tests with Callosobruchus chinensis and Lasiodenna serricorne, extracts of all vegetables tested exhibited meager and no activity.

Toxicity of various fruit tree extracts to five agricultural and four stored-product anthropod pests

Sang-Guei Lee(이상계),Byeoung-Soo Park(박병수),Sung-Eun Lee(이성은),Jae-Gwon Son(손재권),Cheol Song(송철),Hoi-Seon Lee(이회선) 한국농약과학회 2001 농약과학회지 Vol.5 No.4

Methanol extracts from 43 materials of 17 fruit trees were tested for their insecticidal activities toward five agricultural and four stored-product anthropod pests. Efficacy varied with insect species, plant species, and tissue sampled. At a concentration of 2,500 ppm, strong activity was observed with extracts of Chaenomeles sinensis and Punica granatum seeds against Myzus persicae adult females, Vitis vinifera seeds against Nilaparvata lugens adults, Citrus junos, Citrus paradisi, Cucumis melo Linne var. reiiculatus, Diospyros kaki, Malus pumila var. dulcissima, Prunus persica, and V. vinifera seeds against Plutella xylostella, Citrus sinensis seeds against Spodoptera litura larvae, and Ch. sinensis and V. vinifera against Tetranychus urticae adults. Against four stored-product insect pests at 50 ppm, seed extracts of Ch. sinensis and V. vinifera against Sitophilus oryzae adults, and Ch. sinensis, C. junos, D. kaki, and V. vinifera against Callosobruchus chinensis adults gave over 80% mortality. Extracts of all samples exhibited little and no activity against Lasioderma serricome adults and Plodia interpunctella larvae.

In vivo Metabolism of Flupyrazofos into Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Sang-Guei Lee(이상계),Hoi-Seon Lee(이회선),Chang-Yeon Hwang(황창연),Man-Jong Han(한만종),Hyung-Man Park(박형만) 한국농약과학회 2002 농약과학회지 Vol.6 No.3

In vivo metabolism study was carried out to find out the biochemical or metabolic tolerance mechanism between Diamond backmoth (DBM), Plutella xylostella and Beet armywarm (BAW), Spodoptera exigua to flupyrazofos. They showed some differences between the DBM and BAW. About 20% of flupyrazofos applied to the 3rd instar larvae of DBM was metabolized within 1 h and about 50% of that was metabolized within 4 h. The metabolites of flupyrazofos-oxon in 3rd instar larvae of DBM were increased 10 times more at 4 h than 1 h after application. The amounts of flupyrazol were nearly same between at 1 h and 4 h. The amount of unknown and origin increased 2 and 3 times more at 1 h than 4 h after application, respectively. In the 4th instar BAW larva, about 50% of flupyrazofos was metabolized within 1 h and about 70% of that was metabolized within 4 h. As metabolites, the amounts of flupyrazofos-oxon increased 2 times more at 4 h than 1 h after application. The amounts of flupyrazol increased 4 times more at 4 h than 1 h after application. The amount of unknown and origin increased 2.5 and 2 times more at 4 h than 1 h after application, respectively. From the study, it is supposed that hydrolytic enzyme, esterase, cleave the alkyl bond of flupyrazofos and conjugates with flupyrazofos. This seems to be the main tolerance mechanism of BAW to flupyrazofos.

시판 유기농자재에 대한 뽕나무 발생 미국선녀벌레(Metcalfa pruinosa Say) 및 미국흰불나방(Hyphantria cunea Drury)의 감수성

박부용(Bueyong Park),이상구(Sang-Ku Lee),정인홍(In-Hong Jeong),박세근(Se-Keun Park),이상범(Sang-Bum Lee),이상계(Sang-Guei Lee) 한국농약과학회 2019 농약과학회지 Vol.23 No.4

Metcalfa pruinosa and Hyphantra cunea is a pest to many crops in Korea. They take a toll on the crops, especially mulberry. In the laboratory and greenhouse conditions, we tested the possibility for controling M. pruinosa and H. cunea using organic agricultural materials. The main ingredient of organic materials are matrine, azadirachtin, pyrethrin, paraffinic oil, pyriligneous acid, plant extract and rotenone. The mortality on pyrethrin to M. pruinosa nymph (100%) and adult (100%) was higher than that to other materials in laboratory conditions. In case of H. cunea larva, pyrethrin (75.6%) and azadirachtin (73.3%) was more toxic than others. Therefore, the result of this study indicated the positive effect, showing the possibility for controling M. pruinosa and H. cunea using commercial organic materials. Also, these result are expected to be actively conducted in conjunction with implementation of the PLS (Positive List System).