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졸-겔법에 의한 나노크기의 티탄-콜로이드 합성 및 인산염 피막 특성
이만식(Man Sig Lee),이선도(Sun-Do Lee) 한국표면공학회 2005 한국표면공학회지 Vol.38 No.1
Nanosized titanium-colloid particles were prepared by sol-gel method. The physical properties, such as thermal stability, crystallite size and crystallinity according to synthesis condition have been investigated by TEM, XRD, SEM, TGA and DTA. In addition, Zinc phosphating has been studied in order to compare the phosphating characterization of prepared nanosized titanium-colloid particles. The major phase of all the prepared titanium-colloid particles was an amorphous structure regardless of synthesis temperature and the structure was composed of phoshate complex and titanium. The micrographs of HR-TEM showed that nanosized titanium-colloid particles possessed a spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution. The crystallite size of the titanium-colloid particles synthesized at 80℃ was 4-5 ㎚ and increased to 8-10 ㎚ with an increase of synthesis temperature (150℃). In addition, the coating weight increased with an increase of temperature of phosphating solution and when the concentration of titanium-colloid was 2.0 g/l, the coating weight was 1.0 g/㎡.
이만식(Man Sig Lee),정충택(Chung-Taeg Cheong),이광호(Gwang-Ho Lee),김준호(Jun-Ho kim),이근대(Gun-Dae Lee),홍성수(Seong-Soo Hong) 한국표면공학회 2002 한국표면공학회지 Vol.36 No.1
Zinc phosphating for cold forming of steel was studied with emphasis on decreasing phosphating temperature. To lower phosphating temperature, some techniques, such as adding Cu ion into bath, using activator in the form of pre-dip, and aeration in bath, instead of using conventional accelerator, namely oxidizing agent, have been tried. It was revealed that phosphating, leading to coatings of improved uniformity and fine crystal size, can be carried out using above techniques at lower temperature (55℃) compared to conventional phosphating temperature (80~90℃). Under present condition, it was seen that optimum concentrations of Cu ion in phosphating bath and activator in pre-dip are 0.015% (w/w) and 2.0 g/l, respectively. The coating weight was within the range of 15~20 g/㎡. When lubricant was applied into phosphating coatings, the amount of lubricating component (total soap) was found to be 6~10 g/㎡ and the lubricated panel revealed excellent lubricating properties.
울산지역 산업단지에서 배출되는 유기성슬러지의 물리·화학적 특성
이강우(Lee Gang-Woo),김민철(Kim, Min-Choul),이재정(Lee, Jae-Jeong),이만식(Lee, Man-Sig),김지원(Kim, Ji-Won),박흥석(Park, Hung-Suck),손병현(Shon Byung-Hyun) 한국산학기술학회 2008 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.9 No.6
본 연구는 울산지역의 산업단지에서 발생하는 유기성 슬러지에 대하여 삼성분, 원소조성, 발열량 및 열중량 분석을 실시하였다. 삼성분 분석 결과 평균값은 수분함량이 72.9%, 가연분이 18.5%, 불연분이 8.6%로 나타났으며, 원소분석 결과 평균값은 C 33.9, O 26.4, H 4.,, N 4.4, S 0.6%로 나타났다. 저위발열량이 1,500 ~ 2,000 kca1/㎏ 사이인 업체가 6개 업체, 2,000 kcal/㎏ 이상의 발열량을 가지는 4개 업체는 직접 연소 처리하여 에너지화하는 것이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 산업분류 코드 업종별 시료에 대한 TGA 분석 결과,2개 업종에서 배출되는 유기성 슬러지의 경우 800℃ 이상에서 연소를 해야 할 것으로 판단되며, 3개 업종에서 발생하는 슬러지의 경우 600℃ 정도에서 저온 연소가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. In this study, we analyzed the physical and chemical properties such as proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, heating values, and thermogravimetric analysis for the organic sludges discharged from an industrial complex in Ulsan. The average water, combustible, and ash content of organic sludges were 72.9, 18.5, and 8.6%, respectively. And according to the ultimate analysis of organic sludges, the C, O, H, N, and S compositions were 33.9, 26.4, 4.4, 4.4, and 0.6%, respectively. According to the results of investigating the lower heating values, 6 sludges were on the range of 1,500 ~ 2,000 kcal/㎏ and 4 sludges were on the range of over 2,000 kcal/㎏. Therefore, these 10 sludges could be directly applied to industries which try to use the energy by direct incineration.
이주동(Lee, Ju-Dong),이만식(Lee, Man-Sig),김영석(Kim, Young-Seok),송명호(Song, Myung-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.06
Growth characteristics of methane-propane clathrate hydrate, growing under different undercooling conditions, was investigated. After the water within pressurized vessel was fully saturated with guest gas molecules by agitation, medium was rapidly undercooled and maintained at the constant temperature. The growth of hydrate was always Initiated with film formations at the upper bounding surface of liquid pool. The visual observation using microscope revealed detailed features of subsequent crystal nucleation, migration, growth and interference occurring within liquid pool. A number of small crystals ascended and settled at the hydrate film. When undercooling was small ({Delta}T=3.2K), some of the settled crystals slowly grew into faceted columns. As the undercooling increased, the downward growth of crystals underneath the hydrate film became dendritic and occurred with greater rate and with finer arm spacing. The shapes of the floating crystals were diverse and included octahedron and triangular or hexagonal platelet When the undercooling was small, the octahedral crystals were found dominant. As the undercooling increased, the shape of the floating crystals also became dendritic. The detailed characteristics of floating crystals were reported in this study.
가스하이드레이트 구조 변형을 통한 메탄 저장에 관한 연구
이주동(Lee, Ju-Dong),이만식(Lee, Man-Sig),김영석(Kim, Young-Seok) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.11
Structure H formation experiments were conducted in a semi-batch stirred vessel using methane as the small guest substance and neohexane(NH), tert-butylmethylether(TBME) and methylcyclohexane(MCH) as the large molecule guest substance (LMGS). The results indicate that the rates of gas uptake and induction times are generally dependent on the magnitude of the driving force. When tert-butyl methyl ether is used as the LMGS rapid hydrate formation, much smaller induct ion time and rapid decomposition can be achieved. Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the above LMGS with water have been measured under atmospheric pressure at 275.5, 283.15K, and 298.15K. It was found that TBME is the most water soluble followed by NM and MCH. The solubility of water in the non-aqueous liquid was found to increase in the following order: MCH<NH<TBME.
이주동(Ju Dong Lee),이만식(Man Sig Lee),김영석(Young Seok Kim) 한국에너지기후변화학회 2007 에너지기후변화학회지 Vol.2 No.2
Structure H formation experiments were conducted in a semi-batch stirred vessel using methane as the small guest substance and neohexane(NH), tert-burylmethylether (TBME) and methylcyclohexane(MCH) as the large molecule guest substance (LMGS). The results indicate that the rates of gas uptake and induction times are generally dependent on the magnitude of the driving force. When tert-butyl methyl ether is used as the LMGS rapid hydrate formation, much smaller induction time and rapid decomposition can be achieved. Liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the above LMGS with water have been measured under atmospheric pressure at 275.5, 283.15, and 298.15 K. It was found that TBME is the most water soluble followed by NH and MCH. The solubility of water in the non-aqueous liquid was found to increase in the following order: MCH < NH < TBME.
MoO3-SnO2-CeO2 촉매에 의한 대두유로부터 바이오디젤의 합성
정원영 ( Won Young Jung ),이만식 ( Man Sig Lee ),홍성수 ( Seong Soo Hong ) 한국화학공학회 2012 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.50 No.4
The production of biodiesel by transesterification of soybean oil was performed on MoO3, SnO2 and CeO2 mixed oxides. The catalysts were characterized using XRD and NH3-TPD. MoO3 showed the highest activity among the three metal oxides. When 7 wt% of catalysts was introduced into the reactants, the highest activity was obtained and the water added to reactant decreased the catalytic activity. MoO3 and SnO2 mixed with 50:50 showed the highest activity and CeO2 added with 20% on the MoO3-SnO2 mixed oxide also showed the highest activity. The catalytic activity showed to have a good relationship with the amount of acid site of catalysts. When the waste soybean oil was used as a reactant, the conversion was decreased about 30%.
영남권(嶺南圈) 산업단지(産業團地) 발생폐기물(發生廢棄物)을 이용한 고형연료(固形燃料) 제조 특성에 관한 연구
강민수,김양도,류영복,이강우,이만식,Kang, Min-Su,Kim, Yang-Do,Ryu, Young-Bok,Lee, Gang-Woo,Lee, Man-Sig 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2009 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.18 No.6
RDF 생산 기술은 국내 실정에 맞는 제조 설비로 자체 생산할 수 있는 단계이지만, 사업장 가연성 폐기물에 대한 연료화 설비가 구축된 사례는 드물다. 본 연구에서는 사업장 가연성 폐기물을 대상으로 한 RPF(Refuse Plastic Fuel) 제조 공정의 고형연료 제조 가능성에 대해 검토하였다. 고형연료는 폐합성수지, 폐지 및 폐목재의 지역별 폐기물 발생비율 기준으로 제조되었으며, 제조된 RPF의 물리적 특성을 조사하였다. 대경(대구, 경북)지역을 기준으로 제조된 RPF의 발열량이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 폐지와 폐목재의 첨가량이 늘어날수록 발열량은 감소하였다. The level manufacturing technique for refuse derived fuel (RDF) is possible to produce them itself by a domestic process which is appropriate in Korea. However, very few facilities were used for industrial combustible waste. The objective of this research is to develop the technique for refuse plastic fuel (RPF) of industrial waste. RPFs were prepared by mixing of plastic, paper and wood based on amount of regional waste. The physical properties of the RPFs prepared were investigated. RPFs prepared at mixing ratio(plastic : paper : wood) of 87.55% : 8.15% : 4.3% show the highest lower heating values in wet-base (LHVW) and the LHVW decreases as the mixing ratio of paper and wood increases.
알카리성 인산-과망간산 용액을 이용한 AZ31 마그네슘 합금의 친환경 화성 처리 및 화성 피막의 특성 평가
김명환(Myung-Hwan Kim),이만식(Man-Sig Lee),곽삼탁(Sam-Tag Kwag),문명준(Myung-Jun Moon) 한국표면공학회 2011 한국표면공학회지 Vol.44 No.3
A uniform chromium-free conversion coating treated with an alkaline phosphate- permanganate solution was formed on the AZ 31 magnesium alloy. The effect of acid pickling on the morphology and on the corrosion resistance of the alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion coating was investigated. The chemical composition and phase structure of conversion coating layer were determined via optical microscopy, SEM, EDS, XPS and XRD. Results show that the conversion coatings are relatively uniform and continuous, with thickness 1.8 to 2.4 ㎛. The alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion coating was mainly composed of elements Mg, O, P, Al and Mn. The conversion-coated layers were stable compounds of magnesium oxide and spinel (MgAl₂O₄). These compounds were excellent inhibitors to corrosion. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of coatings in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solutions were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization technique. EIS results showed a polarization resistance of 0.1 kΩ for the untreated Mg and 16 kΩ for the alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion treatment sample, giving an improvement of about 160 times. The results of the electrochemical measurements demonstrated that the corrosion resistance of the AZ 31 magnesium alloy was improved by the alkaline phosphate-permanganate conversion treatment.