면양의 제1위내 미생물 단백질합성에 미치는 요인과 소장에서 아미노산 이용에 관한 연구 2 . 소장에서 아미노산 이용

이남형,암스트롱 ( Nam Hyung Lee,D . G . Armstrong ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.8

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different carbohydrate source and nitrogen source upon the utilization of amino acids in the small intestine of sheep. The results obtained are as follows: 1) For the quantities of TAA-N, EAA-N and NEAA-N passing at the duodenum and ileum except NEAA-N passing at the ileum were no significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets. The quantities of NEAA-N passing at the ileum for the diets containing meat and bone meal were significantly higher (P$lt;0.05) than the diets containing soyabean meal. The mean values for the proportionate disappearance apparently digested TAA-N, EAA-N and NEAAN within the small intestine for four diets were 0.692±0.0449, 0.702±0.0132, and 0.682±0.726, respectively. 2) There were no significant differences (p$gt;0.05) in duodenal individual amino acid flow between diets with the exception of aspartic acid and glycine. The amounts of each amino acid in duodenal digesta, expressed as a proportion of the amounts ingested for the four diets, were shown that there were net gains of EAA with the exception of arginine and NEAA with the exception of glutamic acid, glycine and proline prior to the small intestine. 3) Within the small intestine, there were no significant losses of each EAA (p$gt;0.05) but significant losses of aspartic acid and glycine of NEAA between diets (p$lt;0.01). The mean values of the proportionate losses of methionine, alanine and lysine within the small intestine were 0.816±0.04, 0.767±0.04, and 0.732±0.01, respectively.

소맥부 대신 옥수수와 생미강을 첨가시 볏짚 - 계분싸일레지의 질에 미치는 영향

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1980 한국축산학회지 Vol.22 No.5

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of rice straw-manure silage containing the Association of Official Analytical Chemists dry matter digestibility as well as the effects of two different moisture levels (46% and 66%) upon the silage-making. The results obtained are as follows : 1. In vivo dry matter digestibility of silage products ranged from 57 to 60% but failed to show significant differences among the different silage products. 2. Response to the different moisture contents (46% vs 66%) was not evident, and little statistical differences were noted on neither the chemical composition nor the digestibility.

보리짚의 사료가치증진에 관한 연구

이남형,김춘수,육종융 ( N . H . Lee,C . S . Kim,C . Y . Yuk ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.1

In an attempt to enhance the nutritive value of barley straw a series of experiments were carried out to study the effects of 1) alkali treatment on the in vivo dry matter digestibility, 2) ensiling barley straw on palatability and 3) barley straw silage on the digestibility of goat. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The effect of alkali treatment on the in vivo dry matter digestibility of barley straw. (1) The in vivo dry matter digestibility of the alkali treated barley straw tended to improve with increasing level of NaOH(0, 3, 6, 12%). No significant difference was found between 6% and 12%, or 3% and 6% NaOH level, but i t was found significant difference between 3% and 12% NaOH level. The in vivo dry matter digestibility of barley straw in 12% NaOH level was higher than 3% NaOH level(P$lt;0.05).Also, the in vivo dry matter digestibility of alkali treated straw was. higher than the untreated straw(P$lt;0.05) . (2) Neither reaction time (0, 2, 4, 6 day) of NaOH in the room temperature nor reaction temperature(5℃ and 20℃) in 3% level of sodium hydroxide influenced the in vivo dry matter digestibility of barley straw. (3) The amount of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and hemicellulose of barley straw, barley hull and rice straw decreased with increasing level of sodium hydroxide. (4) Silica contents of rice straw, barley hull and barley straw were 7.53%, 5.91% and 2.03%, respectively. Solubility of silica increased with higher level of NaOH and the effect was especially pronounced when NaOH level exceeded 6%. 2. Ensiling of barley straw and digestion trial with goat. The silage was prepared in combination of alkali treated barley straw with wet poultry manure and wheat bran for the attempt of improving the silage quality and palatability for cattle feeding. (1) Proximate composition of barley straw silage was not different between the trench silage and the vinyl bag silage. (2) Hemicellulose content of silage after 60 days of ensiling was lower than the initial stage. The effect was more pronounced with the vinyl bag silo than the trench silo. (3) Total nitrogen of silage did not change during the 60 days of ensiling. However, amino acids of silage decreased 22 percent and non protein nitrogen increased compared to the initial stage. (4) Total organic acid of the silage ensiled in the vinyl bag silo was higher than the trench silo. The silage was characterized as heterolactic fermentation, producing approximately equal amounts of lactic and acetic acid. (5) Total digestible nutrients (TDN) value of the barley straw silage was estimated as 60.70% in the trench silo and 61.93% in the vinyl bag silo on the dry matter basis. Based upon above results, it is concluded that the barley straw silage can partly replace milling by-products (bran) on the TDN basis.

암모니아 처리가 보리짚의 소화율에 미치는 영향

이남형,오스코푸 ( Nam H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This experiment was carried out to compare the effect of ammonia gas and aqueous ammonia as well as the effect of levels (2.5% or 3.5%) on the digestibility of the barley straw by sheep. The results obtained are as follows: 1) There were no significantly different among treatments in the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen of ammonia treated barley straw 2) The degradation of dry matter of barley straw was increased from 40.66% to 60.26% by ammonia treatment after incubation of 72 hours in the rumen. 3) The voluntary feed intake of ammoniated barley straw in the sheep was shown similar pattern among the treatments regardless of the type and the levels of ammonia application. This result of the experiment indicates that the nutritive value of barley straw could be increased by the use of 2.5% ammonia gas or aqueous ammonia

면양의 제1위내 미생물 단백질 함량에 미치는 요인과 소장에서 아미노산이용에 관한 연구 1 . 제1위 미생물 단백질합성

이남형,암스트롱 ( Nam Hyung Lee,D . G . Armstrong ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.7

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different carbohydrate source (barley and maize) and nitrogen source (soyabean meal and meat and bone meal) upon rumen microbial protein synthesis as well as nitrogen flow in the small intestine of sheep given diets containing grains and alkali treated barley straw (approximately 74:26). The results obtained are as follows: 1) No significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets were observed in the mean values obtained for pH, VFA concentrations and the molar proportions of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids. NH³-N concentration in rumen fluid were non significantly lower (p$gt;0.05) for the maize-soya diet than the other diets. 2) No significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets were observed in the mean values obtained for rumen volume, rumen dilution rate, and rumen retention time. Rumen dilution rate (h^(-1)) for the barley-meat and bone, barley-soya, maize-meat and bone, and maize-soya diets were estimated as 0.043, 0.046, 0.036 and 0.048 respectively. 3) There were significant differences between diets in the quantities of DM and OM passing at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum (p$lt;0.05) and in the faeces (p$lt;0.01 for DM and p$lt;0.05 for OM). However, there were no significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets in the apparently digested DM and OM disappearing before the small intestine and the whole digestive tract. The mean values for apparent OM digestibility and the proportion of the apparently digested OM disappearing prior to and within the small intestine for four diets were 0.8246±0.0168, 0.6717±0.238, and 0.2351±0.0247 respectively. 4) No significant differences (p$gt;0.05) between diets were observed for the total N and NAN entering the small intestine, total N in the urine, retained N, and proportionate disappearance apparently digested N within the small intestine and the whole digestive tract. It was non significant net gain in the quantity of total N in the passage of the digesta through the stomach for all diets (1.107±0.035 of mean values). But there were significant differences between diets in the quantities of total N leaving the small intestine (p$lt;0.01) and N absorbed in the whole digestive tract (p$lt;0.01). 5) Proportion of microbial N entering the small intestine estimated by using S^(35) infusion techniques were 0.4998 for barley-meat and bone meal diet, 0.5269 for barley-Soya diet, 0.4512 for maize-meat and bone diet, and 0.5384 for maize-Soya diet. The dietary N degradation in the rumen for the diet containing meat and bone meal was non significantly lower (p$gt;0.05) than the value for the diet with soyabean meal. 6) The efficiencies of microbial N synthesis within the rumen, expressed as 9 microbial N per ㎏ organic matter apparently digested in the rumen (OMAPDR) or organic matter truly digested in the rumen (OMTDR), were shown no significant differences between diets. The efficiencies of microbial N synthesis for barley-meat and bone diet, barley-Soya diet, maize-meat and bone diet, and maize-soya diet were estimated as 16.79, 16.30, 15.37 and 17.58 gN/㎏ OMTDR respectively or 22.71, 21.21, 20.36 and 24.21 gN/㎏ OMAPDR respectively.

부로일러 초생추에 있어서 박류의 대사에너지 측정에 관한 연구 ( 2 )

이남형,김춘수 ( N . H . Lee,C . S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1973 한국축산학회지 Vol.15 No.2

To determine metabolizable energy values for domestic fish meal, silk warm pupae, linseed oil meal, cotton seed oil meal, corn gluten meal, single cell protein by chromic oxide indicator method, 105 irds of a commercial broiler at 4 weeks age were employed in this experiment. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The linear standard curve of chromic oxide at 430mμ has the equation form of Y=0.395X. 2. It was shown that corrected metabolizable energy per gram of domestic fish meal, linseed oil meal, cotton seed oil meal, silk warm pupae, corn gluten, single cell protein were, respectively, 2,776 ㎉, 1,081 ㎉, 1,471 ㎉, 5,550 ㎉, 3,106 ㎉, 2,246 ㎉. 3. In body weight gain and feed efficiency, corn gluten group was superior to the ethers and linseed oil meal group was significantly lower than the others.

면양에서 볏짚 - 가축분싸일레지의 소화율과 질소균형에 관한 연구

이남형,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was conducted to use broiler litters and pig manure as alternatives of layer`s manure for making straw-manure silage as well as to determine the digestibility and nitrogen balance in sheep fed rice straw-livestock manure silage. Four sheep averaging 30 kg were used in a digestibility and nitrogen balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage, 2) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-broiler litters silage, 3) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-pig manure silage, 4) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-dried layer`s manure silage. The pH of the silage containing wet layer`s manure, broiler litters, pig manure and dried layer`s manure was 4.83, 5.16, 4.64 and 4.82 at the 40 days of ensiling, respectively. The acetic acid production of straw-manure silage with wet layer`s manure and pig manure was major dominant acid whereas the acetic acid and lactic acid production in the straw-broiler litters silage and straw-dried layer`s manure silage became equally dominant. The total acids of silage with broiler litters and pig manure were 7.41% and 2.49%, respectively. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were similar in the lambs receiving the straw-manure silage regardless of type of manure included. The apparent digestibility of crude protein in the silage containing dried layer`s manure was significantly lower than the silages of pig manure, broiler litters and wet layer`s manure (P$lt;0.05). There was little differences in nitrogen balance. The total digestible nutrients (TDN) value of straw-manure silage containing wet layer`s manure, broiler litters, pig manure and dried layer`s manure was determined as 53.36%, 54.50%. 53.57% and 49.86% respectively.

젖소의 제1위내에서 단백질의 분해율에 관한 연구

이남형,오스코푸,김춘수 ( Nam H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov,Chun S . Kim ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4

This experiment was carried out to estimate the rate of degradation of soyabean meal and fish meal when they were incubated in nylon bags in the rumens of dairy cows receiving roughage. The rate of disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen from the vegetable source of protein was greater than the rate of disappearance from animal source of protein. The dry matter and protein disappearance of protected soyabean meal was lower than those of non-protected soyabean meal.

면양에서 소립자의 제1위 통과속도에 관한 연구

이남형,오스코푸 ( N . H . Lee,E . R . OrsKov ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This experiment was carried out to study on the rumen outflow rate of chromium mordant barley straw and fish meal in sheep. All the animals were fed on ammonia treated barley straw diet libitum. Chromium mordant straw or fish meal was poured into the rumen. The feces were sampled for 5 days. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Chromium treatment rendered the fish meal or straw both undigestible and undegradable in the rumen. 2. The rate of outflow of fish meal from the reticulo-rumen was found to be faster than that of barley straw by 2.3 times. The rumen retention time of fish meal was varied from 23.8 to 33.3 hours with a mean of 27.0 hours while the rumen retention time of barley straw was varied from 47.6 to 100 hours with a mean of 62.5 hours.

면양에서 짚 - 계분싸일레지의 영양소 이용율과 무기물의 균형에 관한 연구

이남형,윤칠석,김창원,김춘수 ( Nam Hyung Lee,Chil Suk Yoon,Chang Won Kim,Chun Su Kim ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3

This experiment was carried out to study on the nutrient utilization and mineral balance of straw-manure silage in sheep. Four sheep averaging 40 ㎏ were used in a digestibility and mineral (Ca, P, Na, K, S, Fe, Mg, Cu, Zn) balance trial by 4x4 Latin square design. The four rations tested contained; 1) 4% NaOH treated rice straw-wet layer`s manure silage; 2) 4% NaOH treated barley husk-wet layer`s manure silage; 3) formula feed plus chopped rice straw (50:50 W/W); 4) formula feed plus 4% NaOH treated rice straw-layer`s manure silage (50:50 W/W on the ADM basis). The content of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, iron, copper and zinc of layer`s manure were 9.62%, 2.63%, 0.57%, 3.43%, 0.52%, 1.38%, 1300 ppm, 26 ppm and 270 ppm on the dry matter basis, respectively. The content of crude fiber, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), mineral content except calcium in the rice straw-layer`s manure silage and barley husk-layer`s manure silage were similar. Daily dry matter intake, apparent digestibility of organic matter, total digestible nutrients (TDN), digestible energy (DE) or metabolizable energy (ME) in formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group were significantly improved as compared with other ration feeding group (P$lt;0.01). Digestible crude protein, TDN value, DE and ME of barley husk-:manure silage were determined as 7.46%, 58.21%, 1776 Kcal/ ㎏ and 1456 Kcal/㎏, respectively, while those of rice straw-manure silage were determined as 5.44%, 55.27%, 1356 Kcal/㎏ and 1112 Kcal/ ㎏, respectively. The nutrient availability in formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was significantly decreased as compared with other feeding group (P$lt;0.01). It was observed that positive mineral balance was shown with addition of formula feed to rice straw-manure silage (50:50 W/VW) except of sulfur balance. The formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group was in negative mineral balance on essential elements such as phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium. The balance of P, Na, K, Fe, Mg, Cu between rice straw-manure silage feeding group and barley husk-manure silage feeding group was shown similar trend except calcium, sulfur and zinc. Especially, sodium and potassium in both silage was negative balance in spite of higher intake of sodium and potassium due to increase urinary excretion. S/N ratio in rice straw-manure silage, barley husk-manure silage, formula feed plus chopped rice straw or formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage were calculated as 0.09, 0.07, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively. The interaction of sulfur and nitrogen on the utilization of nutrient in this balance trial was not clear but it may be explained a negative balance of sulfur in barley husk-manure silage and formula feed plus rice straw-manure silage feeding group due to the lower S/N ratio as compared with rice straw-manure silage and formula feed plus chopped rice straw feeding group.