치주조직 유관세포에서의 Nitric Oxide 및 Nitric Oxide Synthetase의 생물학적 특성에 관한 연구

윤형진,윤동환,유형근,신형식,Yoon, Hyung-Jin,Yoon, Dong-Whan,You, Hyung-Keun,Shin, Hyung-Shik 대한치주과학회 1997 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.27 No.4

Bone remodeling is characterized by the coupling of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and osteoblast-mediated bone formation. The process is tightly regualted at the local level by an incompletely known netwotk of peptide and non-peptide fators. Nitric oxide(NO), synthesized by nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) from L-arginine, is becoming recognized as an important bioregualtory molecule in a variety of tissue, but little is known about its possible role in periodontal tissue. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of nitric oxide synthetase(NOS) in inflamed gingiva and the effects of cytokine on the expression of NOS protein. The expression of NOS in gingival tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for $NOS_1$, $NOS_2$, $NOS_3$. The effect of cytokine on the expression of NOS in human periodontal ligament cells and osteoblast-like HOS cells by western blot analysis. Further, we studied that NO functions in periodontal ligament cells as a regulatory molecule. PDL cells incubated with NOS inhibitor and donor. The protein expression, type I collagen & non-collagenous protein, nitrate production and cell proliferation were evaluated The results were as follows. 1. $NOS_1$, $NOS_2$, $NOS_3$ was rarely distributed in healthy gingiva, but stronger stained in gingival epithelium, endothelial cells, and mononuclear cells of inflammed gingiva. 2. The cytokine stimulated $NOS_1$, and $NOS_3$ protein were not inducing or inhibitory effect to compared with control in PDL and HOS cells. 3.Incubation of cells with combination of $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IFN-{\gamma}$, LPS result in a time dependant increase in $NOS_2$ expression, reaching a maximal level after 24 hours of stimulation. 4. The osteonectin protein inhibitory effect of NMA, inhibitor of NOS, was reversed by Larginine in dose dependant manner. 5. NMA decreased cell poliferation and nitrate production, but the inhibitory efffect of NMA was also prevented by the NO donor, sodium nitropruiside. These results suggest that exogenously synthesized NO was playing a stimulating effect on cell proliferation or on non-collagenous protein expression. Therefore NO have an important role in mediation of localized bone destruction associated inflammatory bone disease such as periodontitis.

Chlorhexidine용액 구강양치와 치은연상치태 제거의 임상 및 미생물학적 변화에 대한 연구

윤형진,강현구,신형식,Yoon, Hyung-Jin,Kang, Hyun-Koo,Shin, Hyung-Shik 대한치주과학회 1994 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.24 No.2

The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and microbiological effect of chlorhexidine rinse and supragingival plaque control following scaling and root planing on adult periodontal disease. 14 patients with adult periodontitis were selected for the study . They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and history of dental treatment for 6 months before the study. Patients received a supragingival scaling and root planing under local anesthesia, plaque control group was subjected to professional plaque control 2 times for a period 2 week, chlorhexidine rinse group were subjected to twice daily 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse for a period 2 week. Clinical examination (plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth) and distribution of the bacteria morphology of subgingival plaque were monitored on baseline (0 week), 1 week, 2 week, 4 week and 6 week. The results were as follows : 1. Plaque index in chlorhexidine rinse group , plaque control group and control group was significantly reduced during all weeks (P<0.05). 2. Probing pocket depth was significantly reduced at 2, 4, 6 week (P<0.05) in chlorhexidine rinse group and control group, plaque control group was significantly reduced during all weeks (P<0.05). 3. Gingival index was significantly improved at 2, 4, 6 weeks(P<0.05) in chlorhexidine group and plaque control group, control group was significantly improved at 1, 2, 4 weeks (P<0.05). 4. Percentage of cocci was significantly increased at 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks in chlorhexidine rinse group and control group, plaque control group was significantly increased at 2, 4 and 6 weeks(P<0.05). 5. Percentage of non-motile rods in all group were not significantly changed when compared with those of baseline (0 week) (P<0.05). 6. Percentage of motile rods was significantly reduced during all weeks (P<0.05) in chlorhexidine rinse group, plaque control group was significantly reduced at 2, 4, 6 weeks and 1, 2 and 4 weeks in control group. 7. Percentage of spirochetes was significantly reduced during all weeks (P<0.05), plaque control group was significantly reduced at 2, 4, 6 weeks and 1, 2, 4 weeks in control group. This results were suggested that clinical and microbiological effect of chlorhexidine rinse and supragingival plaque control following scaling and root planing on periodontal disease

국가지정입원격리병상의 시설별 면적구성에 관한 연구 - 2016년 국가지정입원격리병상 확충사업대상을 중심으로

윤형진,권순정,Yoon, Hyung Jin,Kwon, Soon Jung 한국의료복지건축학회 2017 의료·복지 건축 Vol.22 No.3

Purpose: Since the facility guidelines for National Designated Isolation Unit wards(NDIUs) had been edited since 2016, all hospital who want to expand or install NDIU should adapt the new guidelines. Instead of providing area requirement, by the way, only essential or optional facility requirements are suggested except patient bedroom in the guidelines. So, as analyze area and area composition of the NDIUs, it could be expected that this study has a role as an area planing reference for not only NDIU but also another airborne infection isolation room. Methods: For the area analysis, 18 sample hospitals are selected among 2016 year applicants. All rooms in NDIUs are grouped as zones whether those are negative air pressurized or not and programed room or not. At the end, area of the zones are summarized and analysed a relationship between area increase and bed number by both correlation analysis and regression analysis. In addition, department usable and gross area per bed, N/G ratio, G/N ratio, and average area ratio of each zone is calculated. Results: First of all, rooms in none negative air pressurized zone of the NDIUs haven't shown a regular installation so that only those in negative air pressurized zone are targeted for the area analysis. Second of all, patient room unit(0.92) and support area(0.79), by correlation analysis, are correlated with total net area. Patient room unit(0.94) and total net area(0.79) are also shown a correlation with bed number. Department usable area($R^2=0.63$, y=36.278x + 102) and patient room unit area($R^2=0.89$, y= 27.993x - 0.8924) has a relationship with bed number by regression analysis. Average N/G is shown as 0.85 and G/N 1.36. Average area ratio of circulation, doffing area, patient room unit, and support area are 25.4%, 9.1%, 50.9%, and 14.6% in order. Implications: This study is a basic research for exploring the NDIUs guidelines to find resonable evidence to develop it for its practical use. Still, it is possibly expected that the guideline is to be developed by post occupancy evaluation in the area of where minimum requirement or facility grade needs to be defined, and by further studies with various perspectives.

중환자실 시설기준 작성을 위한 기본시설 수준 설정 연구 - 국내·외 시설기준 및 국내 종합병원 병상규모 별 시설 현황분석을 기초로 하여

윤형진,조준영,Yoon, Hyung Jin,Cho, Jun Young 한국의료복지시설학회 2017 의료·복지 건축 Vol.23 No.3

Purpose : This study is a basic research to establish guidelines for healthcare facility in Korean healthcare market. As a first step, it is a main purpose for making beginning point of ICU guideline to set a basic level of ICU facility size and quality by analysis current ICU facilities and existed domestic guidelines : law, criteria of healthcare insurance review and assessment service, credit of Korea institute for healthcare accreditation. Methods : First of all, the all requirements of existed guidelines are put together and summarized. The summary is compared with that of US, UK, and Australia to know its quality difference with international market. In addition, all hospitals in Korean market are classified based on total bed number and ICU bed number to know the most occupied facility size range in the market. Second of all, by comparing 15 ICUs' current setting of the public general hospital, a general condition of ICU facility would be extracted based on function, floor area per bed, services Results : 72.8% of hospitals in Korea are belonging below 500 beds hospital. Among them 200-299 beds hospitals occupied 35.3% and are shown as the most occupied hospital size. As 15 public general hospitals are analyzed, it is clear that the more bed size and services the more ICU area per bed. As a result it is sure that the 300~500 bed may be a clear line as a general ICU condition whose function and bed number relatively consistent in the range. Implications : to keep the qualified medical environment and contemporary hospital trend, the guideline as a minimum requirement keep naturally out from current healthcare settings and should reflect their limit to reconcile with the new trend in the market.

중화인민공화국(中華人民共和國) 도시주민 조직 방식의 형성 -건국(建國) 초기(初期) 북경(北京)의 공회(工會)를 중심으로

윤형진 ( Hyong Jin Yoon ) 고려대학교 역사연구소(구 역사학연구회) 2016 사총 Vol.87 No.-

中共은 北京에서 接管이후 市總工會를 정점으로 하는 工會조직의 건설을 추진하면서 처음부터 업종별 조직을 만든다는 원칙을 제시하였다. 도시주민의 조직 방식이라는 측면에서 본다면, 공회는 도시주민의 주요한 조직 형식으로 상정되고 있었다. 中共지도부는 생산의 발전과 함께 노동자가 도시 주민의 대다수를 차지하게 될 것이라는 전망을 가지고 있었다. 그리고 이러한 전망 속에서 공회는 단순한 직업조직을 넘어서는 의미를 가지고 있었다. 한시적인 노동 현장에까지 공회가 조직되었다는 점은 중공과 시총공회가 공회를 도시 노동자들의 보편적인조직 방식으로 관철시키려는 의지가 강했음을 잘 보여준다. ‘公共戶口’라는 형식의 인구 관리 방식 역시 공회가 가지는 주민조직으로서의 성격을 보여준다. 그러나 공회의 조직에는 한계가 있었고 공회로 조직된 도시주민의 다수도 분산되어 있었다. 五反運動은 사영 기업에서 공회 조직이 강화되는 계기가 되었을 뿐 아니라, 사영 기업 및 공회에 대한 중공의 영향력을 강화시키는 계기가 되기도 하였다. 분산성이 여전히 존재하는 상태에서 당과 市總工會의 사영 기업 공회에 대한 개입이 강화되면서, 공회 계통의 조직구조 문제가 제기되었고 결국 공회의 조직 원리의 적용에 있어서 중요한 변화가 나타나게 되었다. 즉 區이하의 공회 조직이 업종별 조직에서 지역별 조직으로 바뀌었다. 지역을 단위로 하는 직업조직의 건설은 중공의 통치 하에 등장한 새로운 현상이었다. 이는 공회라는 형식을 통해서 도시주민을 조직한다는 중공의 방침이 현실적 조건과 타협하면서 만들어 낸 결과물이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이렇게 공회라는 틀을 포기하지 않으면서 지역에 따른 조직이라는 원리를 끌어들인 것은, 街道居民委員會및 街道辦事處의 설립과 궤를 같이 하는 변화였다. After the CCP took over Beijing, they planned to set up organizations according to the different professions under the Beijing Federation of trade unions. The trade unions were considered to be a primary element in terms of this organizational aspect when focusing on the organizational aspect of the urban residents. The CCP leaders foresaw the majority of the population of cities to comprise mostly of laborers due to the advent of the industrial base. In this regard, the trade unions were seen more than just being an ordinary form of union. By observing unions even amongst temporary laborers, it shows that the CCP and the Beijing Federation of trade unions were adamant in utilizing trade unions in organizing the urban residents. Population control methods called ‘Gonggonghukou(公共戶口)’ shows the aspects of resident organization of the trade unions. But the organizational structure of the trade unions were not strong, and the urban residents that were organized were disseminated as well. Not only did the Five-Anti campaign have the effect of the trade unions becoming stronger amongst the private enterprises, but also led to the increase of CCP’s influence over the private enterprises and the trade unions. As the intervention of the CCP and trade unions in relation to the private enterprises became stronger amidst the dispersibility, serious questions were raised in regards to the organizational structure of the trade unions, which ultimately led to changes in how they were organized. To put it simply, the trade unions, which were originally organized under professions, were reorganized into regional organizations. This form of organization that used regional sections was a new form of governance under the CCP’s rule. It can be seen that these changes were a result of the CCP caving in to the many factors of the socio political conditions and making changes to their plan of organizing the urban residents using trade unions. By not completely giving up on the organizational structure of trade unions and incorporating regional aspects, it went along side by side with the establishment of jiedaojuminweiyuanhui (街道居民委員會) and jiedaobanshichu(街道辦事處).

南京國民政府의 首都建設과 近代的 都市計劃

尹炯振(Yoon Hyongjin) 서울大學校 人文大學 東亞文化硏究所 2010 東亞文化 Vol.48 No.-

응급실에서의 감염관리 표준지침의 반영에 관한 연구

윤형진(Yoon, Hyung Jin),오준걸(Oh, Joon-Gul) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.11

응급실은 병원으로 입원하는 주요 경로로서, 감염환자의 1차적 내원의 가능성이 높은 곳이다. 국내에서 질병관리본부 가 2009년에 제정한 “응급실에서의 감염관리 표준지침”이 응급실 감염환자 관리 방안과 표준시설기준을 규정하고 있으나 각 병원 응급실의 감염환자 시설은 병원마다 차이가 있고 지침에 따른 일관된 감염환자 관리시설을 갖추었다고 보기 어렵다. 본 연구는 응급실에서의 감염관리 표준지침의 실효성을 알아보기 위해 법적 강제성을 갖는 “응급의료에 관한 법률”과 비교 하여, 첫째 지침이 법률 시설기준에 반영된 여부를 분석하였고, 둘째 2009년 전후에 신축 또는 개축한 응급실들을 분석대상 으로 하여 각 시설기준 항목들의 반영여부를 파악하였다. 그 결과 지침과 법률 시설기준의 상호연관성은 없었다. 분석대상 응급실들의 시설은 법적기준을 모두 충족한 반면 지침의 감염관리시설은 선별적으로 적용되어 있었고, 설치 항목들이 건축 년도에 관계없이 분석대상 응급실에 대부분 적용되어 “응급실에서의 감염관리 표준지침”의 제정과는 무관한 것으로 나타났 다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 응급실의 감염관리시설의 법적기준 체계 보완에 참고자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) has been provided not only manual of managing infectious patient but also functional requirement of space in emergency department(ED) by distributing “Guideline for infection control in emergency department(GICED)”in 2009. To understand how much the guideline enforces its functional requirement on ED planning practice, it is compared to Emergency Medical Service Act(EMSA) a basic standard for ED planning. As a result, it is clear that those have different focal point in functional program and don’t share infection control issue. By reviewing target hospitals’ EDs opened around 2009, all ED have satisfied with the EMSA requirement but guideline. Those are selectively adapted infection control related spaces CDC guideline suggested regardless of open year so that target EDs are not to be influenced by the guideline. This research can support as a reference research when the EMSA are going to be reinforced by infection contol issue.

북경(北京)의 운송업을 통해 본 ‘사회주의(社會主義) 개조(改造)’

윤형진 ( Yoon Hyong Jin ) 한국중국학회 2018 중국학보 Vol.84 No.-

본 연구는 ‘社會主義 改造’ 과정을 소재로 1950년대 중화인민공화국 사회의 변화를 탐색하려는 시도이다. 反把頭 운동은 도시문제의 해결이라는 측면도 존재하지만, 산업구조의 측면에서 보면 사영부문에 대한 공격이었으며 비공업 분야에서 당-국가의 개입을 가능하게 만든 중요한 변화였다. 搬運公司의 설립은 反把頭 운동을 통해 공백이 된 운송업 경영·관리의 영역을 당-국가가 장악하기 위한 시도였다. 또한 완전한 국영화는 아니었지만, 운영과 관리의 국영화를 실현했으며 여전히 남아 있는 사영 부분을 축소하고 통제하기 위한 시도이기도 했다. 運輸公司로의 합병은 운송업 전체에 대한 통일적 관리를 추구한 것으로서, ‘三統’의 확장이었다. 그러나 마차업의 발전은 국영화된 부문만으로는 감당하기 어려웠던 운송 수요, 그리고 기술적 발전을 배경으로 축소된 사영 부문이 다시 성장하는 상황을 가져왔다. 사회주의 개조, 특히 비공업 분야의 사회주의 개조는 사회주의 개조에 관한 기존의 설명보다 더 장기적인 과정이었다. ‘과도기의 총노선’ 이후 신민주주의에서 사회주의로 전환했다는 정치사 중심의 서술로는 사회주의 개조 과정을 제대로 파악하기 어렵다. 운송업에서는 전혀 국영화의 기반이 없던 1950년부터 시작되었으나, 1956년 이후에도 여전히 사영 경제의 요소를 완전히 억누르지 못했다. 운송업이 가진 유동성과 분산성은 개조 과정을 어렵게 했으며, 기술적 변화는 개조 과정을 좀더 복잡하게 만들었다. 운송업의 사회주의 개조 과정에서 비동력 운송수단은, 국영 부문의 안정적 운영을 위해 동원된 측면이 있다. 개조의 필요성으로 노동자에 대한 배려도 내세웠지만, 실제로는 가격 통제. 안정적 운송력의 확보 등을 고려한 측면이 강했다. 운송업 종사자의 이익보다는 운송업무의 완성이 더 중시되었던 것이다. This study is an attempt to explore the changes of the society of the People's Republic of China in the 1950s, using the ‘Socialist Transformation’ process. The anti-batou movement was a solution to the urban problem, but in terms of industrial structure it was an attack on the private sector and it was an important change that enabled party-state intervention in the non-industrial sector. The establishment of Banyungongsi was an attempt by the party-state to take over the management of the freight industry, which became empty through anti-batou movement. It was not a complete nationalization, but it was a nationalization of operations and management and an attempt to reduce and control the remaining private sector. The merger with bayungongsi was an extension of ‘santong’, pursuing unified management of the entire transportation industry. However, the development of the carriage industry has brought back the growth of the contracted private sector in the background of transportation demand and technical development, which were difficult to cope with only the nationalized sector. The socialist transformation, especially the non-industrialization, was a longer process than the existing explanation of socialist transformation. It is difficult to grasp the process of socialist transformation by the narrative centered on political history. In the transportation industry, it started from 1950, when there was no foundation for nationalization. However, after 1956, it still did not completely suppress the elements of the private economy. The liquidity and decentralization of the transportation industry made it difficult to retrofit, and technological changes made the retrofitting process more complicated. In the process of socialist reconstruction of the transportation industry, non-motorized means have been mobilized for the stable operation of the state sector. The need for renovation has also given consideration to workers, but in reality, they have taken into account price control and securing of stable transportation capabilities. The completion of the transportation work was more important than the benefit of the transport workers.

중화인민공화국 초기 도시 공공 공간 관리 - 北京의 公園을 중심으로 -

윤형진(Yoon, Hyong Jin) 중국근현대사학회 2020 중국근현대사연구 Vol.88 No.-

From the early days of the People"s Republic of China, the party-state has dominated the management of public spaces. The private organizations that participated in the operation of the park or the organizations that engaged in public activities within the park disappeared, and the governmental park management organization replaced them. It can also be seen through the theme of managing public spaces that party-state has an inclination to minimize autonomous areas. The question is how the party-state’s exclusive management of public spaces has worked. Was there an improvement in the park"s openness and accessibility? Although it is difficult to say that the park"s openness has been reduced, it can be fully confirmed that its focus on financial considerations and production has been an important constraint on enhancing the park"s openness. There was no financial capacity for the party-state to provide public support in public space, and the public space issue was not a priority for the party-state. In the operation of public spaces, financial independence was emphasized beyond publicness. The slogan “self-sufficiency” appeared until the 1980s, calling it a temporary policy, but as a result, it was maintained for a long time. From the characteristics of park management, it would be hard to affirm that the monopolistic control of the party-state public space had a positive effect on the enhancement of publicness.

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윤형진(Yoon, Hyung Jin) 대한건축학회 2017 建築 Vol.61 No.6