특발정상압수두증 환자의 보행 패턴과 대뇌피질의 구조적인 특징의 상관관계 분석

윤은경,강경훈,윤의철,Yun, EunKyeong,Kang, Kyunghun,Yoon, Uicheul 대한의용생체공학회 2021 의공학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is considered a potentially treatable neurological disorder by shunt surgery and characterized by a triad of symptoms including gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary dysfunction. Although disorders of white matter are generally viewed as the principal pathological features of INPH, analysis of cortical features are important since the destruction of neural tracts could be associated with cortical structural changing. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was any relationship between gait parameter and structural features of cerebral cortex in INPH patients. Gait parameters were measured as follows: step width, toe in/out angle, coefficient of variation (CV) value of stride length, CV value of stride time. After obtaining individual brain MRI of patients with INPH and hemispheric cortical surfaces were automatically extracted from each MR volume, which reconstructed the inner and outer cortical surface. Then, cortical thickness, surface area, and volume were calculated from the cortical surface. As a result, step width was positively correlated with bilateral postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus, and toe in/out was positively correlated with left posterior parietal cortex and left insula. Also, the CV value of stride length showed positive correlation in the right superior frontal sulcus, left insula, and the CV value of stride time showed positive correlation in the right superior frontal sulcus. Unique parameter of cerebral cortical changes, as measured using MRI, might underline impairments in distinct gait parameters in patients with INPH.

臨産徵候에 대한 韓醫學的 考察

윤은경(Yoon Eunkyung)(尹銀卿) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : 본고는 현대의 출산 경향이 정상 출산에 대한 부분적인 지식과 왜곡된 이해로부터 비롯된다는 문제의식 하에 신체에서 벌어지는 현상을 위주로 정상 출산의 모습을 제시하고자 했다. Method : 한의학 문헌에 나타난 임산 징후 내용을 통해 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 그 기전을 고찰하고, 태아의 변화는 十개월째 태아의 발달과정의 내용을 바탕으로 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 연관 지어 살펴보았다. Result : 임산 시에 나타나는 위와 같은 징후는 産母의 몸에서 일어나는 변화를 반영하며, 이러한 변화는 子宮을 중심으로 관련 경맥과 장부에서 일어난다. 한편 태아 측에서도 출산을 위한 준비를 하는데, 산모가 태아를 몸 밖으로 내보내기 전까지 스스로 움직일 준비와 모체와 분리하기에 충분한 神이 갖추어지는 것이다. Conclusion : 출산 과정은 胎兒의 배출로 귀결되는 불필요하며 최대한 단축해야 하는 기간이 아니라 원활한 출산을 위해 필수적인 변화가 産母와 胎兒에게서 일어나는 시간이다. Objectives : This paper discusses Normal Birth in the Korean Medical context with a focus on bodily phenomena, with an aim to shed new light on what happens to mothers and the fetuses at the time of birth. Methods : Based on contents in the medical classics, changes that happen to the mother’s body and their mechanisms were examined, followed by changes that happen in the fetus. The developments that happen to the fetus in the final month of pregnancy were studied in relation to aforementioned findings on the mother. Results : Signs of birth presented in the mother’s body are manifestations of bodily changes that happen in a network with certain channels/meridians and viscera/bowels surrounding the uterus. The fetus prepares for birth as well, moving downwards into the mother’s pelvis and his/her shen(神) getting prepared for separation from the mother’s body. Conclusions : The birth process is not a race towards a finish line that ends with the birth of the fetus. It is rather a time wherein necessary changes in both the mother and the fetus takes place for a smooth and healthy birth.

의사소통 전략으로서의 언어적, 비언어적 한·중 청자반응 유형 대조

윤은경 ( Yoon Eunkyung ),정염 ( Ding Yan ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91

본 연구는 한·중 청자반응 표현에 대한 윤은경·정염(2021) 연구를 확장하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼는다. 언어적 및 비언어적 청자반응 유형의 차이를 한국어와 중국어 청자를 대상으로 살펴보았다. 청자반응 표현의 빈도는 사회적 지위와 인간관계의 친밀도에 따라 측정되었다(교수 대 지인). 이 연구를 위해 총 45명의 참가자가 모집되어 세 집단 중 하나에 배정되었다. 그 결과 한한(한국어 청자) 집단과 중중(중국어 청자) 집단은 지인보다 교수와 대화할 때 청자반응 표현을 더 많이 사용한 반면 한중(한국어 화자 + 중국어 청자) 집단에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 한한 집단은 언어 표현보다 거의 2배에 가까운 비언어적 또는 복합적(언어적 + 비언어적) 청자반응 표현을 사용했으나, 중중 집단은 언어적 표현을 선호했다. 반면, 한한 집단과 중중 집단은 공통적으로 지인과 대화할 때보다는 교수와 대화할 때 비언어적 표현을 더 많이 사용했다. 최근까지 한국어 교육에 대한 연구에서 언어적 또는 비언어적 청자반응 표현은 관심을 받지 못했다. 그러나 청자반응의 실패는 의사소통에 큰 지장을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 보다 면밀한 연구가 필요하다는 점을 확인했다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study expands Yoon and Ding’s (2021 to appear) investigation of listeners’ responses as conversational strategies. Verbal and non-verbal backchannels were cross-linguistically investigated among native Korean and Chinese speakers. The frequency of the backchannels was measured according to their social status and the intimacy level of relationships(professors vs. friends). A total of 45 participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups. The results revealed that the GK (Korean-only) and GC (Chinese-only) groups used more backchannels when conversing with professors than friends, whereas no significant difference was observed within the KC (Korean+Chinese) group. In particular, the GK group used non-verbal or combined (verbal + non-verbal) backchannel expressions almost twice as much as verbal expressions, while the GC group preferred verbal expressions. Both the GK and GC groups used non-verbal backchannels more than verbal ones when talking to professors than when talking to friends. Until recently, verbal or non-verbal backchannels have been neglected in research on Korean language education; however, research on backchannels is necessary in that its failure can significantly impede communication.

勞瘵에 대한 고찰 : 결핵과의 비교를 중심으로

尹銀卿(Yoon Eunkyung),金鍾鉉(Kim Jong-hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2021 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : The Korean Medical concept Nochae(勞瘵) has been identified as tuberculosis, which is defined as an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium Tuberculosis. However, this identification requires re-examination. Methods : The historical context of tuberculosis was examined, followed by examination of Nochae(勞瘵) as explained in the classical medical texts. The findings were compared. Results : Before tuberculosis was defined by Myobacterium Tuberculosis, there were various discussions on the disease, which overlapped greatly with Nochae(勞瘵). On the other hand, there were notable distinctions as well, which suggest key characteristics of Nochae(勞瘵). Conclusions : Tuberculosis pre-bacteria was understood as a consumptive and infectious disease manifested in symptoms in the Lungs. Nochae(勞瘵) was not defined by its lesion but rather within the contexts of deficiency-fatigue and being caused by parasites called Chung(蟲). Moreover, emotional fatigue was understood as the main cause of Nochae(勞瘵).

한의학적(韓醫學的) 관점(觀點)에서 본 『태교신기(胎敎新記)』의 태교론(胎敎論)

윤은경 ( Yoon Eun-kyung ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2018 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : The objective of this research is to look deeper into the thoughts of Sajudang in her book on fetal education, Taegyoshin-gi(TGSG), published in the early 19th century Joseon, which focused on her understanding of human development and bodily relationship the mother has with her child with comparison to Korean Medical texts. Methods : The characteristics of TGSG were laid out with comparison to previous texts on fetal education of both China and Korea. After this, they were closely cross-examined with Korean Medical thoughts on human creation, mother-child relationship, and mind-body relationship. Results : Sajudang’s thoughts on fetal education as written in TGSG, show a deep understanding of human development and the father and mother’s roles in it, expanding the responsibility of fetal education from just the mother to both father and mother. There is also awareness of the importance of the Heart that is at the center of the fetal education process, and of the mother-child relationship through blood. Conclusions : Fetal education as discussed in TGSG expands from previous discourses on the topic, distinguishing itself with thorough understanding of how fetal education works, when it begins, and what the roles of the parents and the community are. This attributes to Sajudang’s knowledge that came from both books and her actual experiences.

한국어 남․여교사의 음성적 특징이 외국인 남성 학습자의 발화에 미치는 영향

윤은경(Yoon, Eun Kyung),곽선우(Kwak, Sun Woo) 동악어문학회 2016 동악어문학 Vol.66 No.-

본고의 주된 연구 목적은 외국인 남성 한국어 학습자의 발화에 나타나는 "여성성"이 한국어 남․여교사 발화와 관련이 있을 것으로 보고, 지각 실험을 바탕으로 산출 결과를 분석하는 것이다. 아울러 외국인 남성 학습자 발화의 남․여교사 발화에 따른 영향 관계를 살피고자 한다. 성별에 따른 교사 발화, 일반인 발화, 외국인 남성 학습자의 발화(총 21명)가 어느 정도로 여성성이 지각되는지를 20명의 청자들에게 likert scale로 평가하게 하였고, 이러한 여성성에 대한 지각적 판단을 기반으로 음높이, 음길이, 발화 속도, 핵억양의 패턴 등의 운율적 특징을 살펴보았다. 지각실험 결과 여성 교사의 경우 여성성 정도에 있어 일반 여성보다도 높은 점수를 받았으며, 남성 교사는 일반 남성보다 높은 점수를 받았을 뿐만 아니라 일반 여성과도 유사한 점수를 받은 경우도 발견되었다. 외국인 남성학습자의 경우에도 대체로 여성성의 정도가 강한 것으로 나타났다. 요컨대, 서법에 따라 차이는 있지만, 대체로 한국어 남성 교사발화는 일반인과 비교했을 때 음역대(pitch range)가 2배 가까이 넓었고, 말속도, 조음속도도 상당히 느린 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 경계 성조에서 상당히 긴 어말장음화가 관찰되었다. 마지막으로 핵억양 패턴은 일반 여성과 유사하게 나타나 여성스러운 발화에 노출되어 그와 유사한 음성적 특징을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 더 나은 방향으로 교사 교육에 반영하고, 교사가 자신의 발화를 인식할 기회를 제공했다는 데 학문적 의의가 있다. This paper aims to analyze the phonetic characteristics of male Korean language teachers when they use feminine speech patterns. 20 listeners participated in the perception test to make assessments of the speech of male and female Korean language teachers, some subjects of the general public and male Korean language learners (a total of 21 people). In the perceptual test, female teachers received higher scores for feminine speech patterns than the other women, while male teachers received higher scores for feminine speech patterns than the other men. The scores of the male teachers were similar to those of the other women. Most male Korean language learners also showed strong feminine speech patterns. Based on the perceptual test of feminine speech patterns, prosodic characteristics such as speech pitch, length and speed and its core intonation patterns were also examined. The results differ across the sentence types. In general, the speech of the male Korean language teachers had a pitch range twice as large as that of the general public, while their speech speed and articulation rates were shown to be significantly slower. Furthermore, a significantly lengthened final utterance was observed in their boundary tones. Lastly, with core intonation patterns similar to those of the other women, they appeared to have phonetic characteristics corresponding to those of women, to the feminine speech. The findings of this study have implications for academic studies to shed a positive light on teacher education and provide opportunities for teachers to recognize their own speech patterns.

한국어 양태 표현 연구 - 종결어미 ‘-(으)ㄹ래, -(으)ㄹ게’를 대상으로 -

윤은경 ( Yoon Eun Kyung ) 한국언어문화교육학회 2006 언어와 문화 Vol.2 No.2

This paper examined the grammatical category of modality in Korean. It is not an easy work for adult foreign learners of Korean to learn every single modal endings in their utterance. Even it is not clear-cut for Korean teachers to teach how to use Korean modal endings. Native speakers of Korean do not have to learn it since they can intuitively acquire the notion of the modality. In light of this, the main purpose of this study is to analyse the modality in Korean. The modality is defined as a grammatical form of the quality or state in question. These include the assertion or denial of any degree or manner of affect, belief, certainty, desire, obligation, possibility, or probability on the part of the utterer. The notion of the modality was classified as epistemic modality and deontic modality. The epistemic modality was effectively described through the literature review for teaching Korean as a Foreign Language. The deontic modality, however, was not sufficiently accounted for. Therefore, what is also discussed is the distinction of ‘-eulrae’ and ‘-eulge’ to better understand for the deontic modality. The empirical study was performed through the corpus of KAIST. From the data, a total of 602 tokens was acquired: 301 tokens for ‘-eulrae’ and ‘-eulge’, respectively. The most important findings of this study were that ‘-eulrae’ has the functional meaning of [suggestions](50.5%), [threat](19%), and [desire](13%), Otherwise, the results revealed that ‘-eulge’ has the meaning of [promise] (80%) and [one’s will for here and now](20%). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

한국어 남성 교원의 여성스러운 말투에 대한 사회언어학적 청자 변인 연구

윤은경 ( Eunkyung Yoon ),곽선우 ( Sunwoo Kwak ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2017 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.75

The purpose of this paper is to investigate listeners` perception on femininity produced by male Korean teachers. This paper examined a detailed analysis of how 80 listeners with the different occupations(including teaching experiences), dialects, and genders judge the speech samples of the femininity using a five-point Likert scale. First, it was found that the listener group of Korean language teachers tend to be less sensitive than non-teachers to femininity in the speech of men teachers. Second, listeners of the Gyeongsang dialect were more sensitive to femininity in male speech than listeners of the Seoul dialect or Jeolla dialect(the lowest scores). Third, the majority of male listeners gave higher scores for femininity to female speakers than to male speakers while all female listeners were sensitive to femininity in male speech. The findings in the present study suggest that listeners` backgrounds do affect the evaluation of a paralinguistic cue, such as femininity in question, in the speech utterances of Korean male language teachers.

대학생이 지각하는 어머니의 심리적 통제와 진로 정체감과의 관계에서 기본 심리적 욕구의 매개효과

윤은경(Yoon, Eun-Kyoung),박승민(Park, Seung-Min) 한국웰니스학회 2018 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.13 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 대학생들이 지각하는 어머니의 심리적 통제와 진로 정체감과의 관계에서 기본 심리적 욕구 및 그 하위요인들이 매개효과를 갖는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 온라인과 오프라인 설문을 통해 수집된 254명의 자료를 분석하였으며, 기술통계 분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석이 시행되었다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 심리적 통제는 진로 정체감 및 자기결정성의 하위 요인인 자율성, 유능감, 관계성 모두와 유의미한 부적 상관을 나타내었다. 둘째, 다중회귀분석을 통해 기본 심리적 욕구와 하위 요인들이 갖는 매개효과를 분석한 결과, 자율성과 유능감이 진로 정체감에 대해 통계적으로 유의미한 매개효과를 갖는것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 진로상담 및 지도에 대한 시사점이 논의되었다. The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effects of maternal psychological control and career identity of college students on basic psychological need, as well as, on sub-factors of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The set of 254 data were collected through online and offline surveys, and descriptive analysis, correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results of the study are as follows. First, maternal psychological control had a statistically significant negative correlation on career identity and sub-factors of basic psychological need, including autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Second, among sub-factors of basic psychological need, autonomy and competence have mediating effects on career identity significantly. Based on this results, Implication for career counseling and guidance was discussed.

한국어 모음의지각 훈련

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2013 외국어교육연구 Vol.27 No.2

이 논문의 연구 목적은 한국어 모음의 지각적 훈련이 산출에 미치는 영향에 대해서 살펴보는 것이다. 영어권 한국어 학습자들을 8명을 대상으로 지각 훈련을 통해 한국어 단모음 /i, e, ε, a, Λ, o, u, i,/을 가르쳤다. 2주 간 3번의 과정 동안피험자들을 두 집단으로 나누어 한 집단에게는 청각구두식 방법을 사용하여, 교사의 발화를 직접 듣고 따라하게 하는 방식의 발음 교육을 시켰고, 다른 한 팀에게는 L1과 L2의 음성적 유사성에 대해 토론을 하는 과정과 두 언어 사이의 음성적 차이점에 주목하도록 ABX test 과정을 반복함으로써 지각 훈련을 하였다. 그결과 사후 실험의 듣기와 말하기에서 실험팀과 통제팀 사이에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었으나, 지각 훈련을 한 실험팀는 지각에서 19%, 산출에서 9%의 향상률을 보였으며, 통제팀은 지각에서 9%, 산출에서 13%의 향상률을 보였다. 다시 말해, 지각 훈련을 받은 팀은 특별한 말하기 연습이 수반되지 않았음에도 불구하고 산출 능력이 미약하나마 상승되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 발음 교육시 본격적인 발음 연습을 하기 전에 충분한 지각적 훈련을 하는 것도 필요하다는것을 암시한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of perceptual training of Korean vowels on speech production. Eight Korean language learners (all native English speakers) were taught Korean monophthongs /i, e, □, a, □, o, u, □/. The subjects were divided into two groups. During three sessions for two weeks, one group received pronunciation education by listening to and following the native speakers` utterances using audiolingual methods, and the other group received perceptual training by discussing phonetic similarities between language 1 (L1) and language 2 (L2), and paying attention to phonetic differences between the two languages, and repeating the ABX test process. No significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group in the post-test of perception and production, but the experimental group, which received perceptual training, showed improvement in perception by 19% and production by 9%, while the control group exhibited improvement in perception by 9% and production by 13%. In other words, production capabilities of the group that received perceptual training were slightly enhanced from the result of the pre-test, although it was not accompanied by special speaking practice. This suggests that in pronunciation education, sufficient perceptual training is necessary before pronunciation exercises are conducted.