특발정상압수두증 환자의 보행 패턴과 대뇌피질의 구조적인 특징의 상관관계 분석

윤은경,강경훈,윤의철,Yun, EunKyeong,Kang, Kyunghun,Yoon, Uicheul 대한의용생체공학회 2021 의공학회지 Vol.42 No.6

Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (INPH) is considered a potentially treatable neurological disorder by shunt surgery and characterized by a triad of symptoms including gait disturbance, cognitive impairment and urinary dysfunction. Although disorders of white matter are generally viewed as the principal pathological features of INPH, analysis of cortical features are important since the destruction of neural tracts could be associated with cortical structural changing. The aim of the study was to determine whether there was any relationship between gait parameter and structural features of cerebral cortex in INPH patients. Gait parameters were measured as follows: step width, toe in/out angle, coefficient of variation (CV) value of stride length, CV value of stride time. After obtaining individual brain MRI of patients with INPH and hemispheric cortical surfaces were automatically extracted from each MR volume, which reconstructed the inner and outer cortical surface. Then, cortical thickness, surface area, and volume were calculated from the cortical surface. As a result, step width was positively correlated with bilateral postcentral gyrus and left precentral gyrus, and toe in/out was positively correlated with left posterior parietal cortex and left insula. Also, the CV value of stride length showed positive correlation in the right superior frontal sulcus, left insula, and the CV value of stride time showed positive correlation in the right superior frontal sulcus. Unique parameter of cerebral cortical changes, as measured using MRI, might underline impairments in distinct gait parameters in patients with INPH.

“해요체”의 발음 교육을 위한 청자의 친절도 반응 비교 -대구 지역 거주 한국인과 중국인을 중심으로-

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 이중언어학회 2012 이중언어학 Vol.50 No.-

The aim of this study was to extend the Yoon & Kim(2011)`s perception study to three new groups of subjects: Koreans who speak Standard Korean(KS), speakers who use a Daegu(KD) dialect, and Chinese learners of Korean residing in Daegu(CD). This paper examines whether listeners perceive a different level of politeness (on a 9-point scale) when the duration of the Korean sentence final auxiliary particle -yo is varied. The stimuli were manipulated by lengthening and shortening ``-yo`` by ±30%. A noteworthy feature of Yoon & Kim(2011) s study was that the participants perceived decreased politeness as the duration of -yo was shortened and increased politeness as it was lengthened. It, however, was found in this study that both Korean and Chinese listeners living in the Daegu area did not perceive a different level of politeness from the manipulated sentences. In addition, this study demonstrated that the perception of the duration of ``-yo`` by L2 learners were consistent with their dialectal region; in other words, the sensitivity to the durational change was relatively low for the Chinese speakers residing in Daegu compared to the Chinese speakers residing in Seoul. Finally, regardless of nationality, the responses to the degree of politeness varied depending on the gender of the listener and the type of sentence; (1) Female speakers perceived a higher degree of politeness than male

臨産徵候에 대한 韓醫學的 考察

윤은경(Yoon Eunkyung)(尹銀卿) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : 본고는 현대의 출산 경향이 정상 출산에 대한 부분적인 지식과 왜곡된 이해로부터 비롯된다는 문제의식 하에 신체에서 벌어지는 현상을 위주로 정상 출산의 모습을 제시하고자 했다. Method : 한의학 문헌에 나타난 임산 징후 내용을 통해 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 그 기전을 고찰하고, 태아의 변화는 十개월째 태아의 발달과정의 내용을 바탕으로 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 연관 지어 살펴보았다. Result : 임산 시에 나타나는 위와 같은 징후는 産母의 몸에서 일어나는 변화를 반영하며, 이러한 변화는 子宮을 중심으로 관련 경맥과 장부에서 일어난다. 한편 태아 측에서도 출산을 위한 준비를 하는데, 산모가 태아를 몸 밖으로 내보내기 전까지 스스로 움직일 준비와 모체와 분리하기에 충분한 神이 갖추어지는 것이다. Conclusion : 출산 과정은 胎兒의 배출로 귀결되는 불필요하며 최대한 단축해야 하는 기간이 아니라 원활한 출산을 위해 필수적인 변화가 産母와 胎兒에게서 일어나는 시간이다. Objectives : This paper discusses Normal Birth in the Korean Medical context with a focus on bodily phenomena, with an aim to shed new light on what happens to mothers and the fetuses at the time of birth. Methods : Based on contents in the medical classics, changes that happen to the mother’s body and their mechanisms were examined, followed by changes that happen in the fetus. The developments that happen to the fetus in the final month of pregnancy were studied in relation to aforementioned findings on the mother. Results : Signs of birth presented in the mother’s body are manifestations of bodily changes that happen in a network with certain channels/meridians and viscera/bowels surrounding the uterus. The fetus prepares for birth as well, moving downwards into the mother’s pelvis and his/her shen(神) getting prepared for separation from the mother’s body. Conclusions : The birth process is not a race towards a finish line that ends with the birth of the fetus. It is rather a time wherein necessary changes in both the mother and the fetus takes place for a smooth and healthy birth.

의사소통 전략으로서의 언어적, 비언어적 한·중 청자반응 유형 대조

윤은경 ( Yoon Eunkyung ),정염 ( Ding Yan ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91

본 연구는 한·중 청자반응 표현에 대한 윤은경·정염(2021) 연구를 확장하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼는다. 언어적 및 비언어적 청자반응 유형의 차이를 한국어와 중국어 청자를 대상으로 살펴보았다. 청자반응 표현의 빈도는 사회적 지위와 인간관계의 친밀도에 따라 측정되었다(교수 대 지인). 이 연구를 위해 총 45명의 참가자가 모집되어 세 집단 중 하나에 배정되었다. 그 결과 한한(한국어 청자) 집단과 중중(중국어 청자) 집단은 지인보다 교수와 대화할 때 청자반응 표현을 더 많이 사용한 반면 한중(한국어 화자 + 중국어 청자) 집단에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 한한 집단은 언어 표현보다 거의 2배에 가까운 비언어적 또는 복합적(언어적 + 비언어적) 청자반응 표현을 사용했으나, 중중 집단은 언어적 표현을 선호했다. 반면, 한한 집단과 중중 집단은 공통적으로 지인과 대화할 때보다는 교수와 대화할 때 비언어적 표현을 더 많이 사용했다. 최근까지 한국어 교육에 대한 연구에서 언어적 또는 비언어적 청자반응 표현은 관심을 받지 못했다. 그러나 청자반응의 실패는 의사소통에 큰 지장을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 보다 면밀한 연구가 필요하다는 점을 확인했다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study expands Yoon and Ding’s (2021 to appear) investigation of listeners’ responses as conversational strategies. Verbal and non-verbal backchannels were cross-linguistically investigated among native Korean and Chinese speakers. The frequency of the backchannels was measured according to their social status and the intimacy level of relationships(professors vs. friends). A total of 45 participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups. The results revealed that the GK (Korean-only) and GC (Chinese-only) groups used more backchannels when conversing with professors than friends, whereas no significant difference was observed within the KC (Korean+Chinese) group. In particular, the GK group used non-verbal or combined (verbal + non-verbal) backchannel expressions almost twice as much as verbal expressions, while the GC group preferred verbal expressions. Both the GK and GC groups used non-verbal backchannels more than verbal ones when talking to professors than when talking to friends. Until recently, verbal or non-verbal backchannels have been neglected in research on Korean language education; however, research on backchannels is necessary in that its failure can significantly impede communication.

한국어 남성 교원의 여성스러운 말투에 대한 사회언어학적 청자 변인 연구

윤은경 ( Eunkyung Yoon ),곽선우 ( Sunwoo Kwak ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2017 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.75

The purpose of this paper is to investigate listeners` perception on femininity produced by male Korean teachers. This paper examined a detailed analysis of how 80 listeners with the different occupations(including teaching experiences), dialects, and genders judge the speech samples of the femininity using a five-point Likert scale. First, it was found that the listener group of Korean language teachers tend to be less sensitive than non-teachers to femininity in the speech of men teachers. Second, listeners of the Gyeongsang dialect were more sensitive to femininity in male speech than listeners of the Seoul dialect or Jeolla dialect(the lowest scores). Third, the majority of male listeners gave higher scores for femininity to female speakers than to male speakers while all female listeners were sensitive to femininity in male speech. The findings in the present study suggest that listeners` backgrounds do affect the evaluation of a paralinguistic cue, such as femininity in question, in the speech utterances of Korean male language teachers.

서정주 초기시의 낭만성과 "도"의 상상력 -『화사집』을 중심으로

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 현대문학이론학회 2011 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.45

본 논문은 미당 서정주의 시가 열린 텍스트라는 입장에서, 그의 초기시에서 감지되는 ``도``의 상상력을 탐색하고, 한국시문학사에서 전통서정시의 흐름을 이끌었던 서정주 초기시의 문학적 의미를 구명하려는 시론(試論)이다. 특히 『화사집』의 시편들을 중심으로 그의 생애를 관통한 ``영원지향성``을 ``도가철학``의 근저에 자리한 ``도``, 즉 태극의 작용으로부터 도출된 ``전일성 지향``의 원리로서 구명하고자 한다. 낭만적 ``동경``의 형식은 동일화의 원리로서 종합하여 절대적 통일을 지향하는 것이며, 낭만적 상상력은 적극적으로 시공간의 질서를 재창조하여 시적 자아에게 낭만적 동일자로서 절대적 시공간을 초월케 한다. 미당의 영원의식은 ``전체로서의 시간``을 인식하고 살아가는 것으로, 그가 추구한 영원이란 동일성의 원리라는 심미적 통합원리를 초월하여 육신과 ``영통``까지를 포괄하는 우주적인 것이라 생각된다. 태극론은 만물의 생성 변화와 천하의 움직임이 궁극적으로 태극의 작용이며, 만물이 생성 변화의 이(理)를 각각 지녀 태극의 전일성을 향해 움직인다는 변과 통의 논리이다. 도에 함의된 ``변화``의 순환생성 과정이 순간의 형식이자 영원의 형식이다. 이 순간에 미당은 시에서 간구했던 ``생의 구경``의 의미와 상통하는 것이다. 영통(靈通)에는 인간의 신성성 회복이라는 존재론적이고 영적인 의미가 개재되어 있다. 이런 맥락에서 미당의 초기 시가 그의 일생의 시적 화두였던 ``영원주의``의 배아를 함의하고 있다면, 낭만주의적 동일성의 원리보다는 자아와 세계의 본질적 내통이라는 ``도``의 상상력을 통해 ``영원``에 도달하려는 것이라 설명할 수 있다. 이 점이 미당의 ``영원주의``에 기여하는 『화사집』의 미학적 의미이자 미당 시에 드러난 ``도``의 상상력의 근대적 혹은 반근대적 작동방식이라 할 수 있을 것이다. Arguing that Midang, Jeongju Seo`s poems are open texts that make a variety of approaches possible, this study examines how Seo`s early poems search for imagination of "Do" and succeed to the Korean lyric tradition through new perspectives, and what their meanings are. In particular, focusing on "candid words" that kept being threatened in the Japanese colonial era and how to express them in Seo`s poems, this study deals with Hoasajim which contains his early poems to study one of the Taoist philosophical concepts on eternity: "do" which is a completeness coming from principle of "Tai Ji". Romanticism is part of basic human features and its essences are sentimentalism and longing. Through this longing, Seo expresses the opposite concepts such as subjectivity/objectivity, finite/infinite, nature/human through identification of their absolute unification. As for romantic imagination, he re-creates the order of time and space that a poetic self transcends identifying himself with a romantic self. Seo`s interest in "eternity" comes from his life experiences. Seo`s consciousness on eternity is considered as "time as the entirety". He understand time through a circular reasoning. Meanwhile, it also transcends an aesthetic integrative principle which is one of the identity principles, and embraces universality including physical body and psychomancy. The cardinal point of Tai Ji is that every creation, change, and movement is ultimately actions of Tai Ji, and everything coming from Tai Ji has a principle of change and creation to move toward the completeness of Tai Ji. "Do" embraces the meaning of change, which is in the constant process of circular creation as a moment as well as eternity. To Seo, this moment is the eternity as an ontological aspect and in the same context as "seeing of life" in his poems. Psychomancy that acquires eternity beyond time and space through essential communication of an self and the world is to restore human`s sacred, spiritual features. In this vein, Seo`s early poems embrace "eternity" which is his life long poetic question. He wants to express the eternity that can be reached by imagination of "do" that can be acquired through the essential communication of a self and the world rather than romantic identification of the absolute subject and the aesthetic sense of the world. This aspect is a characteristic with that Hoasajim expresses "eternity" through aesthetics and a modern or anti-modern function of imagination of "do".

음높이의 복제에 따른 한국어 파열음의 지각 양상 비교

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2015 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.66

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of pitch in the perception of non-native & native Korean speakers on stop consonants of Korean words in word-initial positions. For example, a pitch of the first syllable of a Korean word starting with a lenis consonant was replaced with that of a meaningless word starting with an aspirated consonant using Praat script. Native Korean Group (KG) and Chinese Group (CG) and Japanese Group (JG) (45 people total, with 15 in each speaker group) were instructed to listen to the stimuli and were then examined regarding how they perceived them. When non-manipulated lenis consonants were produced in low tones, 99% of KG, 62% of CG, and 67% of JG perceived them as lenis consonants. When interpreted the other way around, the rates of perceiving lenis consonants as aspirated consonants were 1%, 38%, and 33% for KG, CG, and JG, respectively. When lenis consonants were produced in high tones by manipulating their pitch to the level of aspirated consonants, the rates of their perception as aspirated consonants were 69%, 67%, and 57% for the KG, CG, and JG groups, respectively. This study has significance in terms of identifying the following points: (1) when the KG perceived lenis consonants, on the assumption that all other conditions were identical, this group used pitch as a fairly important clue and (2) to some extent, pitch also influenced the CG and JG to perceive lenis consonants as aspirated consonants.

논문(論文) : 난임(難姙)의 원인(原因)과 배경(背景)에 대한 고찰(考察) -한의학(韓醫學) 문헌(文獻)을 중심으로

윤은경 ( Eun Kyung Yoon ),정창현 ( Chang Hyun Jeong ),장우창 ( Woo Chang Jang ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2015 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives : Though a socially constructed disease, the burden of infertility has been cast upon the individual in recent times, leading to aggressive medical technologies to achieve pregnancy without consideration of the complex relationships between individual and society that is involved in this life phenomenon. This study aims to restore the many aspects of infertility, first through its meaning in the medical classics. Methods : Texts were chosen from before and after the Song period, when the study and practice on women’s health took a launch into becoming a specialized field. Huangdineijing, Jinguiyaolue, and Zhubingyuanhoulun listed basic theories considering the physiology and pathology of woman, while Jiaozhufurenlangfang, Donguibogam, and Fuqingzhuyixue dealt with specialized contents regarding women. Results : The findings were categorized into three major aspects of infertility; natural, medical and non-medical. The three aspects of infertility would not be easy to distinguish in real life, as they are inter-connected through the body as a site of embodiment. Conclusions : The discussion of the many aspects of infertility outside of the immediate medical definition implies the complexity of infertility as a life phenomenon, bringing attention to the importance of the experience in the life context.

한의학적(韓醫學的) 관점(觀點)에서 본 『태교신기(胎敎新記)』의 태교론(胎敎論)

윤은경 ( Yoon Eun-kyung ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2018 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives : The objective of this research is to look deeper into the thoughts of Sajudang in her book on fetal education, Taegyoshin-gi(TGSG), published in the early 19th century Joseon, which focused on her understanding of human development and bodily relationship the mother has with her child with comparison to Korean Medical texts. Methods : The characteristics of TGSG were laid out with comparison to previous texts on fetal education of both China and Korea. After this, they were closely cross-examined with Korean Medical thoughts on human creation, mother-child relationship, and mind-body relationship. Results : Sajudang’s thoughts on fetal education as written in TGSG, show a deep understanding of human development and the father and mother’s roles in it, expanding the responsibility of fetal education from just the mother to both father and mother. There is also awareness of the importance of the Heart that is at the center of the fetal education process, and of the mother-child relationship through blood. Conclusions : Fetal education as discussed in TGSG expands from previous discourses on the topic, distinguishing itself with thorough understanding of how fetal education works, when it begins, and what the roles of the parents and the community are. This attributes to Sajudang’s knowledge that came from both books and her actual experiences.

胎兒의 發達過程에서 찾아본 惡阻의 原因에 대한 考察

尹銀卿(Yoon Eun kyung),金鍾鉉(Kim Jong hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2019 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.32 No.2

Objectives : Morning Sickness, or Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy(NVP) is a frequently experienced phenomenon among pregnant women whose cause is still unknown. While the key trait of this symptom is its temporality, it is hardly considered in existing studies on the cause of NVP based on Korean Medical(KM) literature. We hope to remedy this. Methods : We looked for contents on fetal development in Korean Medical literature from the Siku Quanshu as well as other key literature of KM and examined the results together with contents on NVP to find any correlation. Results : We found that the beginning stages, namely the third month marked a significant change in the course of fetal development where the fetus’s own Shen(神) is first developed by work of the mother’s Heart(心). In other words, the third month is when the mother’s and child’s Shen first encounter. Conclusions : We hypothesized that NVP whose symptoms are closely linked to the functions of the Heart, is likely to be related to this event, which was supported by the common involvement of the Heart which was involved in both fetal development and NVP during the third month of pregnancy.