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尹龍二 동국대학교 박물관 2003 佛敎美術 Vol.17 No.-
The celadons excavated at Seonwonsa temple site is divided into two types. The one is celadons that was made in the middle 13th century, in other words, these works made after the foundation of Seonwonsa temple. The other is bowl and dish made in 1380's. The celadons related with foundation of Seonwonsa temple is similar to those excavated at King Heejong's tomb, Seoklung (1237) , such as bowl, flower-shaped dish, cloud and crane design on the lid, and so on. In additoin celadon rectangular dish, circular dish, and flower-shaped dish excavated at King Myeongjong's tomb, Jilung(1255) are close to those of Seonwonsa temple site. Of all the celadons excavated at Seonwonsa temple site the former celadon and inlaid celadon are to show that time of Foundation. Also celadons such as bowl, flower-shaped dish, rectangular incense burner, and chair excavated at Yongjang castle (1271) located in Jindo island and Beophwasa temple site are similar to those of Seonwonsa temple site. Especially rectangular incense burner, chair, celadon tile have something to do with Palace, those celadons are to show that Seonwonsa temple was the temple supported by Palace. In the Seonwonsa temple site celadon with inlaid character Imsin(壬申, 1332) was excavated. Celadon bowl with inlaid lotus and phoenix is supposed to be producted at the same period. Coming to late 14th century, celadon bowl with inlaid lotus and aprabesque begin to be shown like celadon with inlaid character Jeong lung (1365). When celadons with inlaid excavated at Mooan Doripo that is supposed to be procucted in the 1370's compare with celadons excavated at Seonwonsa temple site, celadons of this temple site are supposed to be procucted in the 1380's. Of all celadons excavated at Seonwonsa temple site celadon and celadon with inlaid of middle 13th century are supposed to be made in Buan Yucheonri. The vessel type is dish, bowl, pot, celadon plate, and so on. Celadon with inlaid character Imsin(壬申, 1332) is supposed to be made in Gangjin Sadangri. But celadons of the 1380's are supposed to be made in Gyeonggi and Hwanghae province.
윤용이 이화여자대학교 도예연구소 2009 제8회 김옥길 기념 강좌 : 문화가 살아있는 상차림 그릇展 -오늘의 식기 Vol. No.
The history of ceramic tableware is closely connected with people's daily life as it is sensitive to changes that take place in lifestyle. Consequently the influences that occur in different time periods can be depicted by examining the changes in design, quality, and shape that are apparent in ceramic tableware. Since 8000 BCE, 'Deot' pattern ceramics (vessels with incised rope-like patterns on the surface) were made. These are unglazed earthenware, known in the Korean language as Gil-gu-rut. The same type of earthenware is found with combed patterns. By 3000 BCE, there were Gil-gu-rut types without any surface patterns. This was a period when the peninsula was beginning to develop into an agricultural land simultaneously as establishing Gojoseon, a society with a unity of church and state. In the Bronze Age, painted ceramics and red burnished wares were the main types of ceramics, and in the early Iron Age, the cultural influence of the period allowed black Gil-gu-rut to continue its production. Around the prehistoric and the start of the Ancient Three Kingdoms period, first century AD, Gil-gu-rut was made using the Ta-nal method (a paddling method where clay is coiled together and pressed outwards for forming) and they were fired n kilns. With this background, Goguryeo, Gaya, Baekje, and Silla produced a variety of ceramic wares that transcended practical needs to fulfill ritualistic and religious purposes. The cultural amalgamation of the Unified Silla Dynasty integrated the many variations in form produce Gil-gu-rut with stamped patterns along with simple daily utilitarian wares such as bowls, vases, dishes and others, which had no surface design. Often they were produced in large quantities. Therefore Goryeo celadon and Gil-gu-rut developed from such a ceramic tradition. The making of celadon, high-rired ceramic ware, began in Korea at the end of the 10th century AD and its influences came from diplomatic exchanges with China's Five Dynasties. The skills were soon mastered by Korean potters. Gaekyoung as the central power with the royal family, embossed peony patterns symbolized high-class people, and soon skills flourished to produce incised arabesque peony patterns. Plastic celadon clay created vessels and vases of the highest qualities with beautiful jade, kingfisher blue and green colors. The development later extended to establish an inherent Korean technique, the inlay surface decoration method. Throughout the 15th century, celadon surface decoration methods developed to create the inlay and stamped buncheong wares, consequently, influencing Joseon porcelain, to produce new forms and styles. With the establishment of the bunwon (nationally designated potteries, usually for the royal family) in 1467, significant changes took place with porcelain. The quality improved and the quantity of production as daily utilitarian objects increased considerably. For instance white porcelain was used to make stationary-related objects during the Hideyoshi invasion and the Kapsin Rebellion that occurred towards the end of the Joseon Dynasty. At the end of the Joseon Dynasty, the bunwon became capitalized and the porcelain tradition was literally severed due to continued political conflictions and interventions. This is the basis to the research work that has been extensively conducted at the Ewha Womans University Ceramics Research Institute. The objective is to retrieve tradition to discover contemporary aesthetics appropriate for today's requirements.