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광주 지역에서 2018년 1월 측정한 초미세먼지의 오염 특성
유근혜,박승식,정선아,조미라,장유운,임용재,김영성,Yu, Geun-Hye,Park, Seung-Shik,Jung, Sun A,Jo, Mi Ra,Jang, Yu Woon,Lim, Yong Jae,Ghim, Young Sung 한국입자에어로졸학회 2019 Particle and Aerosol Research Vol.15 No.3
In this study, hourly measurements of $PM_{2.5}$ and its major chemical constituents such as organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), and ionic species were made between January 15 and February 10, 2018 at the air pollution intensive monitering station in Gwangju. In addition, 24-hr integrated $PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected at the same site and analyzed for OC, EC, water-soluble OC (WSOC), humic-like substance (HULIS), and ionic species. Over the whole study period, the organic aerosols (=$1.6{\times}OC$) and $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations contributed 26.6% and 21.0% to $PM_{2.5}$, respectively. OC and EC concentrations were mainly attributed to traffic emissions with some contribution from biomass burning emissions. Moreover, strong correlations of OC with WSOC, HULIS, and $NO_3{^-}$ suggest that some of the organic aerosols were likely formed through atmospheric oxidation processes of hydrocarbon compounds from traffic emissions. For the period between January 18 and 22 when $PM_{2.5}$ pollution episode occurred, concentrations of three secondary ionic species ($=SO{_4}^{2-}+NO_3{^-}+NH_4{^+}$) and organic matter contributed on average 50.8 and 20.1% of $PM_{2.5}$, respectively, with the highest contribution from $NO_3{^-}$. Synoptic charts, air mass backward trajectories, and local meteorological conditions supported that high $PM_{2.5}$ pollution was resulted from long-range transport of haze particles lingering over northeastern China, accumulation of local emissions, and local production of secondary aerosols. During the $PM_{2.5}$ pollution episode, enhanced $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was more due to the long-range transport of aerosol particles from China rather than local secondary production from $SO_2$. Increasing rate in $NO_3{^-}$ was substantially greater than $NO_2$ and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ increasing rates, suggesting that the increased concentration of $NO_3{^-}$ during the pollution episode was attributed to enhanced formation of local $NO_3{^-}$ through heterogenous reactions of $NO_2$, rather than impact by long-range transportation from China.
기술자료 : 초미세먼지의 지각원소 지시자로서 희토류 원소의 사용 가능성 조사
유근혜 ( Geun Hye Yu ),손세창 ( Se Chang Son ),조성용 ( Sung Yong Cho ),박승식 ( Seung Shik Park ) 한국환경분석학회 2015 환경분석과 독성보건 Vol.18 No.1
In this study 24-hr integrated PM2.5 samples were collected between November 5, 2013 and June 30, 2014, at an urban site in Gwangju, Korea, and analyzed for elemental constituents using energy disperse X-ray fluorescence to evaluate possibility of utilizing rare earth elements (REEs) of European (Eu) and Terbium (Tb) as soil dust markers. Over the study period, concentration of Al, i.e., a representative element of soil dusts, was strongly correlated with those of Si (r=0.98), Ca (r=0.97), Ti (r=0.97), Fe (r=0.96), Eu (r=0.76), and Tb (r= 0.90), suggesting their influence from the soil dusts. Over the study period, four dust-storm episodes (Jan. 1, May 26, May 28, and May 29, 2014) occurred, during which crustal material concentration was 9.6, 18.7, 19.7, and 12.3 μg/m3, respectively, which accounts for 23.0, 49.4, 22.6, and 26.7% of the measured PM2.5 concentration. The Eu and Tb concentrations were on average 24.2 and 12.5 ng/m3, respectively, reaching maximum values (89.7 and 73.1 ng/m3) on May 28 when Asian dust storm was observed at the site. Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that crustal material concentration estimated based on Eu and Tb is strongly correlated with that estimated based on concentrations of the typical crustal elements; [Crustal material]estimated = (194.2±15.7)Tb(μg/m3) + (26.1±10.9)Eu(μg/m3) + (-0.53±0.19), r=0.91, p<0.001]. Also results from principal component analysis demonstrate that the elements Eu and Tb were strongly associated with natural elements (Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe), suggesting that crustal dusts could be one of major sources of the Eu and Tb. Finally, results from this study suggest that the Eu and Tb could also be good candidates of soil dust tracers.