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일제강점기 계급주의 유희 동시 연구 - 주향두를 중심으로 -
원종찬 한국아동청소년문학학회 2020 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.26
The early 1930s was the golden age for children’s literature reflecting the class system. Children’s novels of that time completed the ‘bridge to realism’ by pursuing typical and factual depiction of the tragic reality despite the limitation in creation. However, children’s poems expressed the feeling of anger based on the class system and many pieces of literature ‘ignored childhood sentiments’ by singing about bloody curses and hatred. For that reason, there are many negative reviews about the children’s poetry reflecting the class system. Some of those poems do imply aesthetic possibilities and they are categorized into entertaining children’s poems. The current study examined the chronology of children’s poetry on the ‘class system + entertainment.’ Entertainment is closely related to childhood sentiments. Although there were not many, those poems satisfied both the social needs of the time and children’s sentiments. In particular, Joo HyangDoo’s entertaining children’s poetry reflecting the class system is considered the best. His pieces are innovative and creative. The children had to be ‘working members’ of the society during the Japanese Colonial Rule. The class system where those ‘little workers and farmers’ confronted the ‘factory owners and landlords’ is consistently realistic. Nevertheless, the tendency to deny children’s sentiments cannot be considered positive. On the other hand, the entertaining tendency easily curved to other directions because of the weakness of modern infrastructure. An example is the tendency of children’s sentiments that is succeeded by the chronology of ‘Jjakjjaggung.’ A long time ago, Lee Oh Deok criticized the ‘spirit of entertainment’ as a concept conflicting with ‘the spirit of poetry,’ but this was a reflection of past distortions. With this fact recognized properly, it is not right to label the entertainment as being negative. Although minimal the restoration of the chronology of positive entertainment is expanding in the field of children’s literature today and considered important in regards to the aesthetics of children’s literature. 1930년대 초반은 계급주의 아동문학의 전성기였다. 이 시기의 서사 갈래는 이분법적도식의 한계에도 불구하고 비참한 현실에 대한 전형적․ 사실적 묘사의 진전으로 ‘리얼리즘의 교두보’를 구축했다는 평가가 가능하다. 그러나 서정 갈래는 도식성에 입각해서 분노의 감정을 토해내는 것들이 줄을 이었으며, 살벌한 저주와 증오의 노래를 부추기는‘동심 실종’의 폐단이 만연했다. 이 때문에 계급주의 동시에 대한 평가는 대단히 부정적이다. 물론 계급주의 동시 가운데에도 미학적으로 가능성을 시사하는 것들이 존재한다. 그것들은 대개 유희 동시의 범주에 속한다. 본고는 이 점에 착안해서 ‘계급주의+유희’ 동시의 계보를 살폈다. 유희성은 동심과 밀접한 관계에 있다. 비록 소수일지라도 계급주의 유희 동시는 시대성과 아동성을 모두 충족하는 성과를 냈다. 특히 어린이에서 활약한 주향두의 계급주의 유희 동시는 백미로 평가된다. 그의 작품은 발상도 재미있거니와창의적 표현이 돋보인다. 일제강점기의 유소년은 ‘일하는 아이들’로 살아야 했다. 이 ‘작은 노동자․농민’이 공장주․지주와 대립 관계를 이루는 계급주의 경향은 일정하게 현실성을 띤다. 그렇다고 해서 동심을 상실한 도식적 경향을 긍정할 수는 없는 노릇이다. 한편, 유희적 경향은 근대적 기반이 취약했던 탓에 엉뚱한 방향으로 굴절되기 일쑤였다. 이른바 ‘짝짜꿍’으로 통하는 동심주의 경향이 그런 사례라고 할 수 있다. 오래 전에 아동문학가 이오덕은 ‘유희정신’을 ‘시정신’과 대척적인 자리에 놓고 힘주어 비판했는데, 이는 왜곡된 과거 상황의 반영으로 봐야 한다. 이런 사실을 제대로 인식한다면 유희성에 부정의 꼬리표를 붙이는 것은 답이 아니다. 비록 미약할지라도 긍정적인 유희성의 계보를 복원하는 일은 오늘날 확장세에 있는 유년문학은 물론이고, 아동청소년문학 전반의 미학과 관련해서도 중요한 과제라고 할 수 있다.
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발굴 작품; 북한 인민공화국 체제에서 나온 강소천 동화
원종찬 한국아동청소년문학학회 2012 아동청소년문학연구 Vol. No.
강소천의 「정희와 그림자」는 1947년 7월 평양 어린이신문사에서 발행한 『아동문학』 창간호에 수록된 동화다. 『아동문학』은 조선작가동맹 기관지로서 지금까지도 이어지고 있는 북한의 대표적인 아동잡지다. 강소천동화가 실려 있는 그 첫 호를 최근에 새로 입수했다.
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한국전쟁과 아동문학․1 -이원수의 전쟁 트라우마와 「꼬마 옥이」-
원종찬 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2022 한국학연구 Vol.- No.66
The Korean War greatly changed the geography of children’s literary history as Korea was divided into two. Kang So-cheon, who fled to the south during the war, led a new trend, but on the other side, Lee Won-soo worked on creating a whole different trend. The two writers revealed decisive differences in works that remembered the Korean War. Therefore, studies that make comparative reviews of the two writers from a literature history perspective are highly needed, but in reality, there are insufficiencies in keynote studies on the stories of the writers and bibliographies of the works. Particularly in the case of Lee Won-soo, even the bibliographical issues of his major works are unclear. Therefore, this study is a preliminary study for follow-up research and it focuses on basic investigations to scrutinize the text issues Lee Won-soo’s representative work from the 1950s 「Kkoma Oki」. In result, it was found that 「Kkoma Oki」 was not a ‘long series’ but a ‘collection of series’ completed by gathering stories published on various papers over many years, and it was also revealed that they were tied in like a spider web with the numerous long and short stories of the writer. 「Kkoma Oki」 was a symbolic and representative work for the writer who had severe war trauma. A type of discontinuity appears in the process of publishing this series, and it was found that it was deeply related to the double oppression of the ‘anti-communist’ mood of the time and the ‘sense of guilt’ within the author.
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원종찬 한국문학교육학회 2001 문학교육학 Vol.8 No.-
Korean juvenile literature is characterized by its combination with the children's movement. It is a phenomenon that has been unparalleled in other countries. Most of the first generation of Korean juvenile literature can be said to have been the leaders of the children's movement, the second generation has grown up mostly with the children's movement. Korean juvenile literature was developed as a part of the national movement. This is why the trend of emphasizing enlightenment and reality occurred. It resulted in an imbalance that leaned towards creating a realistic fiction rather than creating a fairy tale or a fantasy. There has been a need for reflective discussion but there has never been enough. The research on Korean juvenile literature is low in quality compared to other general literature. The proof is the fact that the representative masterpieces of Korean juvenile literature are hardly outstanding. The activities of Lee Won-Soo and Lee Oh-Duk in criticism and Lee Jae-Chol in research have been getting attention. Whether it is due to criticism or research, the efforts have born fruit steadily in the literature aimed at the movement based on conscience and sense of mission. It is thinkable that the situation of the research aspect would be improved if the subject of juvenile literature could be established in the curriculum of the universities that train teachers for kindergarten and elementary school.
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