공간계획 활용을 위한 도시 열환경 취약성 평가 연구 - 서울시를 사례로 -

엄정희,Eum, Jeong-Hee 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.4

본 연구에서는 열환경 취약성 평가에 관한 국 내외 선행연구 고찰을 바탕으로 열환경 취약성 평가에 적합하면서 도시 및 환경계획 등 공간계획 분야에서 활용할 수 있는 취약성 평가지표를 선정하고, 이를 활용하여 사례지역인 서울시의 열환경 상태를 진단하였다. 이를 위해 폭염, 도시 열섬, 도시 미기후 등 국내 외 열환경 취약성 평가에 활용된 지표들을 고찰하여 도시 열환경 취약성 평가를 위한 15개 지표를 선정하였는데, 기후노출 분야의 건물체적, 민감도 분야의 열환경 취약 건축물, 적응능력 분야의 녹지면적 등 도시구조적 공간적 지표를 포함하였다. 선정된 지표 중 사례지역인 서울지역에 대해 활용가능한 12개 지표의 공간정보를 구축하고, 퍼지이론을 활용한 GIS 공간분석을 통해 서울의 열환경 취약성을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 강남 지역이 강북 지역보다 열환경에 더 취약한 것으로 파악되었는데, 강남 지역에서는 서초구, 강남구, 동작구, 영등포구, 강서구 일대의 열환경 취약성이 상대적으로 높게 나타났으며, 강북 지역에서는 동대문구, 강북구, 광진구, 중랑구 일대가 다른 구에 비해서 취약성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 산림지역 및 서울시 외곽지역에 위치한 관악구, 도봉구, 은평구, 노원구 등은 관악산, 북한산 등 산림의 영향으로 인해 '기후노출'과 '민감도' 분야의 취약성이 낮았다. 하지만, 자료수집의 한계로 활용하지 않았던 '적응능력' 분야의 에어컨 보유 현황 지표가 분석에 반영된다면, 서초구, 강남구 등 취약성이 높게 평가된 지역의 결과에 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 기존의 국내 열환경 취약성 평가에서 활용하지 않았던 도시구조적 공간적 지표를 활용함으로써 도시 및 환경계획 분야에서 열취약성을 개선하기 위한 정책 마련에 기여하고, 열환경 위험성을 저감하기 위한 공간계획 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단한다. This study aims to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using indicators frequently used in previous studies as well as effective indicators for spatial planning like urban and environmental planning. For this purpose, fifteen indicators that influence urban thermal environments such as heat waves, urban heat island effects, and urban micro-climates were identified based on literature reviews. Indicators for presenting urban structure and spatial properties were included; for example, building volume as 'exposure to climate', buildings completed before 1980 as 'sensitivity', and green space areas as 'adaptive capacity'. Among them, twelve indicators were applied to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using a GIS spatial analysis combined with fuzzy logic. The results show that the Gangnam area is identified as more vulnerable to a heat environment as compared to the Gangbuk area. In the Gangnam area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Gangseo-gu were relatively high in vulnerability, while Dongdaemun-gu, Gangbuk-gu, Gwangjin-gu, Jungrang-gu were relatively high in the Gangbuk area. Gwanak-gu, Dobong-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, and Nowon-gu, which include forested areas, have low vulnerability in the sectors of 'exposure to climate' and 'sensitivity' due to the impact of Gwanaksan and Bukhansan. However, some areas with high vulnerability like Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu may have lower vulnerability if the indicator 'status of air conditioning' from the sector of 'adaptive capacity' is used. This study could support the establishment of a practicable thermal environment policy and spatial planning to reduce heat-related risks in the field of urban and environmental planning.

찬공기 특성을 고려한 낙동정맥 관리방안 연구 - 부산, 울산, 포항 인근을 대상으로 -

엄정희,손정민,Eum, Jeong-Hee,Son, Jeong-Min 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.5

본 연구는 낙동정맥의 녹색에어컨 기능을 활용 확대하기 위해 낙동정맥의 찬공기 생성과 흐름에 대한 특징을 분석하고, 낙동정맥의 중요한 찬공기 생성지역 보호 및 인근 도시로의 찬공기 활용 극대화를 위한 관리방안을 제안하였다. 이를 위해, 낙동정맥 인근에 위치한 부산 구덕산 일대, 울산 고헌산 일대, 포항 운주산 일대를 대상지로 선정하여 정맥의 지형적 특징 및 토지이용에 따른 찬공기 흐름의 특징을 분석하였고, 이를 바탕으로 녹색 에어컨 기능 관리체계 구축을 위한 전략을 제시하였다. 부산 구덕산 일대는 정맥 경계에 인접한 지역에서의 고밀도 개발로 인해 생성된 찬공기가 충분히 발달하지 못하며, 시가지로 확산되지 못하고 있다. 향후 정맥 접경지역에 대한 개발 압력이 매우 커질 것으로 예상되므로, 정맥의 녹색서비스 기능 강화를 위해 높은 보전정책이 요구된다. 울산 고헌산 일대는 넓은 계곡에 위치한 농공단지와 산업단지에는 충분히 발달된 찬공기가 원활하게 유입되고 있어 현재의 찬공기 유입을 유지할 수 있는 관리방안이 필요하며, 넓고 평평한 지형으로 인해 향후 개발이 확대될 가능성이 있기 때문에 보전이 반드시 필요하다. 마지막으로 포항 운주산 일대는 복잡한 산악 및 계곡지형으로써 생성된 찬공기가 좁은 계곡을 통해 이동하면서 계곡 하단부로 갈수록 점차 발달하고 있으므로, 찬공기 생성지역 가까이에 위치한 계곡 지형을 활용해야 한다. 특히, 영천호 주변은 찬공기층이 가장 높으면서도 흐름이 가장 낮으므로 찬공기로 인한 피해를 예방하는 계획이 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과는 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 낙동정맥의 체계적인 관리계획을 수립하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있으며, 향후 녹색에어컨 기능산지의 양적 확대 및 보전을 위한 정맥관리 강화 등 산지의 녹색에어컨 기능을 확대하는 정책 마련에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. This study aims to analyze the properties of cold air production and its flow of Nakdong-Jeongmaek(mountain ranges), and to suggest management strategies for Nakdong-Jeongmaek in order to enhance the green air conditioning functions of Jeongmaek. For this purpose, three study sites including Gudeoksan Mountain and the vicinity in Busan, Goheonsan Mountain and the vicinity in Ulsan, and Unjusan Mountain and the vicinity in Pohang were selected. The results found that cold air flow and its height of the three study sites were analyzed based on topographic properties and land use. Management strategies for preserving and enhancing their temperature reduction functions were suggested. The cold air produced in the vicinity of Gudeoksan was not fully developed and spread because of the high-density development at the border of Jeongmaek. Since high pressures of development are expected at the border, high conservation policies are required. In the vicinity of Goheonsan, where the agricultural complex and industrial park are located, cold air flows well throughout the entire study site thanks to fully developed cold air in the wide, flat valley. Hence, plans to maintain the current cold air flow are required, and conservation plans to mitigate future developments are also needed in the flat valley. The cold air in Unjusan and the vicinity with its complex and narrow mountain valleys gradually develops into valley bottoms. In order to take advantage of the terrain, the valley near the cold air production areas are preserved. In particular, special plans are required to prevent damage to the cold air layer near Youngcheonho Lake, where the highest height of cold air was recorded due to the closed and lower terrain feature. This study could support the establishment of systematic management plans of Nakdong-Jeongmaek to preserve and enhance its green air conditioning functions.

유역의 찬공기 특성을 고려한 도시 바람길 활용 전략 - 경기도 의정부 및 과천 일대를 사례로 -

엄정희 ( Jeong-hee Eum ) 한국지리정보학회 2019 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This study aims to analyze cold air characteristics in the watershed areas and to suggest strategies for utilizing them in urban ventilation corridor plans. For this purpose, the Jungnangcheon watershed and Uijeongbu-si in the northern part of Gyeonggi province, and Anyangcheon watershed as well as Yangjaecheon·Tancheon watershed and Gwacheon-si in the southern part were selected as study areas. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. Uijeongbu City is located on the main stream of the Jungnangcheon watershed, and the local cold air from the southern outskirts is an important part of Uijeongbu-si's overall ventilation corridor planning. In addition, the cold air generated in the vicinity of Mt. Sapae flows into the central business district near the city hall and plays a major role in regulating the thermal environment of the city. But, the cold air flows in the eastern part of Uijeongbu-si was not smoothly. The cold air flow generated in the east of Gwanak Mountain and in the west of Cheonggye Mountain was the most active in the northern part of Gwacheon-si. This flow is also a major ventilation corridor in Anyangcheon watershed as well as Yangjaecheon·Tancheon watershed. But, the southern part where the cold air flow is not smooth is planed to be developed as 'Gwacheon Knowledge Information Town Public Housing District', so rapid development is expected in the future. Hence, it is suggested that an additional ventilation corridor plan should be established based on the detailed local wind flow analysis.

도시계획에서의 기후요소 평가기법에 관한 고찰

엄정희 ( Jeong Hee Eum ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2012 환경정책연구 Vol.11 No.1

본 논문은 도시계획에 관한 국내 및 해외 선진국의 기후요소 평가기법을 고찰하여, 국내 기후요소 평가기법의 문제점과 개선방안 제시를 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해, 국내 제도로는 도시기본계획에 대한 사전환경성검토와 도시관리 계획에 대한 환경성 검토를, 국외 제도로는 독일의 도시계획 및 지역계획에 대한 전략환경평가를 고찰하였다. 이를 바탕으로 국내 및 국외제도에서의 기후요소 평가기법을 비교·분석하였으며, 도시계획에 대한 도시기후요소 평가기법을 국내에서 활성화하기 위한 시사점을 평가요소, 평가방법 및 평가를 위한 기반자료 측면에서 제시하였다. The aim of this paper is to review the environmental assessment of urban climatic factors relating to urban planning in Korea and Germany, and suggest efficient ways to consider climatic factors in the environmental assessment process for urban planning in Korea. For these purposes, current assessment systems concerning urban master plan and urban management plan in Korea were reviewed to know how urban climatic factors are assessed. Furthermore, two German cases of Strategic Environmental Assessment were investigated to know how urban climatic factors are assessed and considered in the urban and regional planning of Germany. Based on the results, efficient ways to consider climatic factors in the environmental assessment for urban planning were suggested from three aspects of factors, methods and available data for climate assessment.

바람통로를 활용한 도시녹지계획에 관한 연구

엄정희(Eum Jeong-Hee),우정헌(Woo Jung-Hun),양병이(Yang Byoung-E) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2001 國土計劃 Vol.36 No.1

Air pollution due to urbanization has been one of the most serious problems in many cities in Korea and urban climate can play an important role in preventing urban air pollution. Therefore, this study is to develop urban open space planning for using the ventilation path. As a case-study site, Yong-In city was selected. This study involves the generation of 3-dimensional wind field using the DWM(Diagnostic Wind Model) and the selection of ventilation paths from the generated wind field. And then it includes the selection of standards which can be applied in urban open space planning. The developed methodology was applied for winter. The results are as follows; air pollution impact by that way would be large in winter. Based on the results, open space planning was categorized with 4 categories; a) open space which supplies fresh wind, b) open space which should be conserved as ventilation paths, c) open space which should be modified to improve ventilation paths, and d) developable areas which should be restricted not to interfere ventilation paths. So, it was proposed that the region around the Kyung-bu Expressway has to be modified to improve ventilation path and the open space and farm land around it have to be conserved to maintain ventilation path.

도시공원 유치거리를 고려한 녹지취약지역 분석 -대구광역시 남구를 대상으로-

엄정희 ( Jeong Hee Eum ),이윤구 ( Yun Gu Lee ) 한국지리정보학회 2016 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.19 No.2

This study aims to analyze the spatial accessibilities to urban greens considering the catchment areas of urban parks to improve those areas with lower spatial accessibility in the neighborhood units. Nam-gu in Daegu was selected as the study area. In the results of the analysis of 16 existing parks, Daemyung6-dong and Daemyung5-dong had high ratios of green service area to administrative district, with values of 94.4% and 92.3%, respectively. Low ratios of green service area(vulnerable area of green service) were recorded in Icheondong(1.6%) and Daemyung10-dong(24.1%). However, the ratio of Icheondong may increase by 88.6%, when the 12 unexecuted urban parks are established. The ratio of Daemyung10-dong can also increase up to 40.1% by establishing green spaces in public institutions such as government offices and schools. This study suggests possibilities to improve the spatial accessibilities to urban parks and indicates the policies required for enhancing the even distribution of green spaces.

가로수 식재 시나리오에 따른 기온 및 미세먼지 저감 효과 분석

엄정희 ( Jeong-hee Eum ),민진규 ( Jin-kyu Min ),박주현 ( Ju-hyun Park ),손정민 ( Jeong-min Son ),서홍덕 ( Hong-duck Sou ),오정학 ( Jeong-hak Oh ) 한국지리정보학회 2023 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.26 No.2

This study aims to establish a scenario based on the spacing and arrangement of the roadside trees to reduce heat waves and fine dust in cities that occurred during the urbanization process and to quantitatively analyze the degree of reduction. The ENVI-met 5.0.2v model, a micro-climate simulation program, was used to analyze the degree of improvement in the thermal environment and fine dust according to the roadside tree scenario. As a result of temperature analysis according to street tree spacing, the narrower the distance between roadside trees, the lower the temperature during the day as the number of planted trees increased, and a similar pattern was shown regardless of the distance between roadside trees in the morning and evening. In the case of fine dust emitted from the road, the concentration of fine dust increased slightly due to the increase in roadside trees, but the concentration of sidewalks where people walk increased slightly or there was no difference because of blocking fine dust on trees. The temperature according to the arrangement of street trees tended to decrease as the number of planted trees increased as the arrangement increased. However, not only the amount of trees but also the crown projected area was judged to have a significant impact on the temperature reduction because the temperature reduction was greater in the scenario of planting the same amount of trees and widening the interval of arrangement. In terms of the arrangement, the fine dust concentration showed a difference from the results according to the interval, suggesting that the fine dust concentration may change depending on the relationship between the main wind direction and the tree planting direction. By quantitatively analyzing the degree of thermal environment and fine dust improvement caused by roadside trees, this study is expected to promote policies and projects to improve the roadside environment efficiently, such as a basic plan for roadside trees and a project for wind corridor forests.

공간환경계획 수립을 위한 환경정보의 체계화와 개선방안

엄정희 ( Jeong Hee Eum ),최희선 ( Hee Sun Choi ),이길상 ( Gil Sang Lee ) 한국환경정책평가연구원 2010 환경정책연구 Vol.9 No.2

환경정책기본법에 근거하여 수립되는 환경보전계획은 친환경적인 공간구축을 위한 활용 가능성과 잠재성에도 불구하고 선언적이면서 형식적인 계획으로 사실상 인지되고 있다. 이러한 인식의 중요한 요인 중의 하나는 공간개발과 직접적인 관련성이 있는 공간계획(도시기본계획 등)이나 도시개발계획과의 연계성을 확보하지 못한 것에 기인하며, 이는 공간환경계획이라는 계획 간의 연계수단의 필요성으로 종결된다. 이에 환경보전계획의 활용성과 계획 간의 연계성 확보를 위한 공간환경계획의 수립을 위해 선행되어야 할 공간환경정보의 체계화를 제안하고자 하며, 이를 위해 기존의 환경정보를 파악하고 공간환경계획과의 연계방안에 대해서 살펴보고자 하였다. 이와 관련해서 국가차원 및 지자체 차원에서 구축하고 있는 공간정보시스템을 살펴보고, 환경매체별로 활용 가능한 공간정보를 분류하였다. 또한 9개의 환경매체별로 공간환경계획에 포함될 수 있는 공간정보 및 계획 항목을 도출하여, 기존의 공간정보시스템, 공간환경 현황정보, 공간환경 관리계획으로 이어지는 연계체계를 구축하였다. 나아가, 공간환경계획 활성화를 위해 공간환경정보 구축에 관한 개선사항을 제안하였다. 체계적인 공간정보 구축은 공간환경계획 수립을 용이하게 함으로써 환경보전계획을 강화하고 위상을 높임은 물론, 관련 공간계획과의 연계성 강화에도 기여할 것이다. Environmental conservation plan, notwithstanding their feasibility and potential utility in construction of environment-friendly spaces, has long been perceived in practice as “declarative” and a “formality.” Such perceptions are largely the result of the failure to provide spatial planning that is directly relevant to development of the space in question, and to sufficiently interconnect with urban development plan. This demonstrates the need for ways to link disparate plans, i.e. to enact “spatial environment plan.” In response to these issues, this study proposes the systematization of spatial environment data as a necessary prerequisite to the establishment of spatial environment plan, which would provide both linkages with other plans, and ensure the applicability of environmental conservation plan. To this end, this study analyzed existing environmental data, and then proposed systems for links with spatial environment plan. In respect of this, the study examined spatial data systems, and then classified applicable spatial according to each environmental medium. The study also produced spatial information and planning items that can be included in spatial environment plans for each of the nine environmental media, and then constructed a system that could link the existing spatial information system, current spatial environment data, and spatial environment management plan. Furthermore, the study proposed matters for improvement in the construction of spatial environmental data to ensure the activation of spatial environment plan. The construction of a systematic spatial database, by facilitating the smooth establishment of spatial environment plan, can enhance and upgrade environmental conservation plan, while contributing to enhanced linkages with related spatial plans.

바람길 활용을 위한 정맥의 찬공기 관리 방안 - 낙남정맥을 사례로 -

엄정희 ( Jeong-hee Eum ) 한국지리정보학회 2019 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.22 No.1

As urban heat environment problems occur due to climate change, urban thermal environmental problems such as heat waves and tropical nights are becoming more serious in cities. In South Korea, forest areas favorable for generating cold air account for about 63 percent of the land area. Furthermore, the Jeongmaek, the axis of the main mountain ranges of Korea, is located close to the cities. Hence, the management of cold air is an effective way to improve the thermal environment of Korean cities. We selected the Nak-nam Jeongmaek located in the southern part of Korean Peninsular as well as two cities (Jinju-si and Sancheong-gun) located at the Jeongmaek to analyze its cold air characteristics and suggest management strategies of cold air. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. As a result, the cold air flow generated in the Jeongmaek became clear and the height of cold air layer increased with time. Based on the results, we proposed management plans to maintain and expand the cold air flow. For example, forest areas with active cold air generation were designated as‘cold air conservation areas’, and areas requiring management for good cold air flow were as‘cold air management areas’. This study is expected to be useful for establishing systematic urban ventilation plan to improve thermal environment in Korea cities.

공간계획에서 기후를 고려하기 위한 독일의 법적 체계 검토 및 그 시사점 -도시의 바람순환을 중심으로-

엄정희 ( Jeong Hee Eum ) 한국환경법학회 2010 環境法 硏究 Vol.32 No.2

기후변화가 진행됨에 따라 건축, 교통, 환경, 도시계획 등 다양한 분야에서 그 대응책이 논의되고 있다. 이에 국가적인 정책 수단 및 방안으로써 기후변화 대응을 위한 법적·제도적 기반을 강화하는 한편, 도시계획 수립시 기후변화에 대비하는 도시공간구조를 구상하도록 제안하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 이미 건설기본계획 등 공간계획에서 도시기후를 고려한 도시공간을 계획하고 이를 실행하고 있는 독일의 법적 체계를 검토하고, 한국에서 기후변화에 대응하기 위한 도시공간구조를 계획하고 실행하기 위한 시사점을 제안하였다. 독일의 경우 공간계획에서 도시기후를 고려하는 것에 대하여 연방자연보호법뿐만 아니라 연방건설법전에서도 그 법적 근거를 제시하고 있다. 또한, 도시기후 보호와 관리에 관한 계획목표와 조치를 마련하는 공간환경계획을 도시계획 등 공간계획과 연계하기 위한 제도적 근거를 마련하고 있으며, 이를 법에서 명시하고 있다. 이러한 검토로부터 도출된 시사점은 다음과 같다. 환경정책기본법이나 자연환경보전법에서 기후항목과 이에 대한 계획목표 및 조치를 구체적으로 명시하여야 한다. 또한, 환경보전계획을 공간계획과 연계하기 위한 법적·제도적 근거가 마련되어야 할 것이다. 마지막으로, 도시기본계획이나 도시관리계획 등 공간계획에서 기후와 관련된 계획목표와 세부적인 계획조치를 법적인 근거와 함께 구체적으로 제시해야 하며, 이를 위해 기후적 현황에 대한 공간정보 및 관리정보가 구축되어야 한다. As climate change proceeds, discussion is underway on policies to address it in architectural, environmental, transportation, and urban planning. To this end, new architectures and urban space that address climate change are being proposed as part of national policy, while bolstering the legal and institutional basis for action on climate change. Accordingly, this study reviews Germany`s legal institutions that already implement urban climate as a part of spatial plans, such as urban landuse master plan. It also discusses implications for planning and implementing new urban spaces in Korea that consider climate change. In Germany, regulations that consider the urban climate in spatial planning are part of both the Federal Natural Protection Law (“Bundesnaturschutzgesetz”), as well as the Federal Building Code (“Bundesbaugesetz”). An institutional basis is also being prepared that links environmental planning with spatial plans (including urban plans), that prepares planning goals and measures with respect to protection and management of the local climate, and these are presented in the law. This study then deduced the following implications: First, climate related items and related planning goals and measures must be presented in detail in the underlying law for the Framework Act on Environmental Policy, or the Natural Environment Conservation Act. Furthermore, a legal and systematic basis that links environmental protection plans with spatial planning must be prepared. Finally, climate related planning goals and detailed planning measures must be presented in the spatial plans, including (urban master plans or urban management plans etc.), in detail along with the aforementioned legal basis.