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안재형,김남철,김재균,An, Jae-Hyeong,Kim, Nam-Cheol,Kim, Jae-Gyun 대한전자공학회 1983 전자공학회지 Vol.20 No.4
DCT/DPCM 복합 감축방식(hybrid coding)에서 주요 시스템 변수에 따른 성능 변화가 평균 자승오차와 주관검사(subjective test)를 기준으로 해서 연구되었다. 검토된 시스템 변수는 DCT 변환계수의 예측상수, 블록 양자기의 평준화 계수 및 비트배정등이다. 그리고 적응식 감축방식의 특성도 비교 검토되었다. 실험결과로는 영상의 공분체 모델을 근거로 하는 비트 기정 및 적응방식이 실시간 처리에 편리할 뿐만 아니라, 낮은 비트율에서는 매우 유리한 방법임이 확인되었다. The performance of an intra-frame DCT/DPCM hybrid coding is investigated with the criteria of normalized mean square error and subjective test for various system parameters. It includes the prediction coefficient in transform domain, normalization factor and bit-map in block quantizer, and adaptive coding. It is shown that the generalized covariance model of image is a convenient tool for bit-map and adaptive coding, and for a fast low bit-rate coding.
이재일 ( Lee Jae Il ),안재형 ( An Jae Hyeong ),이태원 ( Lee Tae Won ),임천규 ( Im Cheon Gyu ),김명재 ( Kim Myeong Jae ) 대한내과학회 1990 대한내과학회지 Vol.38 No.6
N/A The impaired synthesis of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ is a major factor in the development of renal osteodystrophy in chronic renal failure(CRF). This hormonal form of - vitamin D is produced by la-hydroxylation of 25-OHD₃ in the kidney. Serum 1,25-(OH)₂D levels are reduced in patients weth chronic renal failure. Administration of 1, α-OHD or 1,25-(OH)₂D should be considered in patients with CRF to prevent and/or treat renal osteodystrophy. We measured the level of serum 25-OHD₃ and 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in 37 patients with CRF to assess the effect of treatment modalities such as hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis(CAPD), conservative management and phosphate-binder use on the level of vitamin D metabolites. The results were as follows: 1) In normal subjects (n=23, in summer), the level of serum 25.OHD₃ was 15.6±1.31㎖ and that of serum 1, 25-(OH)₂D₃ was 29.4±3.15pg/㎖. 2) The level of serum 25-OHD₃ in CRF was not significantly different from that of normal controls(16.1±0.92ng/㎖ vs. 15.6±1.31ng/㎖, p<0.1), and the level of serum 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ was significantly decreased compared with that of the normal controls (5.6±0.54pg/㎖ vs. 29.4±3.15pg/㎖, p<0.005). 3) When patients with CRF were divided according to the mode of treatment, the level of serum 25-OHD₃ was significantly decreased in the CAPD(10.7±0.22ng/㎖) and hemodialysis group (12.2±1.53ng/㎖) compared with that of the conservative management group(19.0±0.92ng/㎖) (p<0.005), and the level of serum 1,25-(OH)_(2)D_(3) in the CAPD group(4.4±0.50pg/㎖) was lower than that of the conservative management(5.6±0.8pg/㎖) and hemodialysis group(5.8±.87pg/㎖) but was not statistically significant(p<0.1). 4) When patients with CRF were divided according to the use of phosphate binder, the level of serum 25-OHD₃ in the phosphate-binder user group was not significantly different from that of the no phosphate-binder user group, and the level of serm 1,25-OH₂D₃ in the former was significantly elevated compared with that of the latter in hemodialyzed patients(7.6±1.1pg/㎖ vs 4.0±0.82pg/㎖ vs. 4.0±2.0pg/㎖, (p<0.05). In conclusion, the low level of serum 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ in patients with CRF, especially in patients treated by CAPD, suggests that 1, α-OHD₃ or 1,25-(OH)₂D₃ supplementation may be necessary to maintain the hormonal balance in the management of renal osteodystrophy and more dosages in patients treated by CAPD.
곽내정,안재형,Kwak Nae Joung,Ahn Jae Hyeong 대한전자공학회 2005 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.42 No.3
선으로 구성된 회로도나 설계도 같은 특수 목적 영상을 처리할 경우 에지가 강조된 영상을 필요로 한다. 또한 프린터, 팩시밀리, LCD TV 등과 같은 이진 출력 장치에 연속 계조 영상을 표현하기 위한 디지털 해프토닝 방법 중 오차 확산 방법으로 이진 영상을 생성할 경우 에지가 흐려진다. 본 논문은 회로도나 설계도 등의 영상 뿐 아니라 이진 출력 장치 등에 사용되는 이진 영상의 에지를 강조하는 방법을 제안한다. 인간의 눈은 한 화소의 명암값이 아니라 국부 평균을 인식한다는 것을 이용하여 제안 방법은 원화소의 명암값과 $3{\times}3$ 블록의 평균 명암값과의 차이 값에 공간적 위치 값에 따른 가중치를 결합하여 국부 공간 변화량(LAM: local activity measure)을 사용한다. 제안된 시스템은 또한 LAM에 평균 명암도를 곱하여 얻어진 에지 강조 정보량(IEE: information of edge enhancement)을 사용한다. IEE를 양자화기 입력에 더하여 이진 영상의 에지를 강조한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션은 제안 방법이 기존의 방법에 비해 영상의 에지가 강조되어 시각적으로 선명한 영상을 생성한다. 또한 거리에 따른 에지 상관도와 로컬 평균 일치도를 이용하여 제안 방법과 기존 방법의 특성을 분석한다. Edge enhanced image is needed for processing images for special purpose such as a circuit diagram or a design composed of lines. Error diffusion halftoning, among digital halftoning methods to represent a continuous grayscale image for the binary output device such as printers, facsimiles, LCD televisions and etc. also makes edges of objects blurred. This paper proposes the method to enhance the edge of a binary image for the binary output device as well as a circuit diagram or a design. Based on that the human eyes perceive the local average luminance rather than the pixel's luminance itself, the proposed system uses a local activitymeasure (LAM), which is the difference between a pixel luminance and the average of its $3{\times}3$ neighborhood pixels' luminances weighted according to the spatial positioning. The system also usesinformation of edge enhancement(IEE), which is computed from the LAM multiplied by the average luminance. The IEE is added to the quantizer's input pixel and feeds into the halftoning quantizer. The quantizer produces the halftone image having the enhanced edge. The simulation results show that the proposed method produces more fine halftoning images than conventional methods due to the enhanced edges. Also the performance of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional method by measuring the edge correlation and the local average accordance over a range of viewing distances.
김종호,안재형,Kim Jon-Ho,An Jae-Hyeong 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005 한국마린엔지니어링학회지 Vol.29 No.8
The estimation of fatigue life at the design stage of the compressed air tank on board is very important in order to arrive at feasible and reliable solutions considering the total lifetime of the tank. In this paper the compressed air tank on board was selected as a model and the change of inside pressure of the tank during normal navigation period was measured and the cycle of fluctuation stress was presumed statistically based on this. Also the effect of stress concentration with the FEM analysis on the longitudinal weld and the mean stress effect on the fatigue strength of compressed air tank were discussed.