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신선희(Sunhee Shin),고선희(Sunhee Ko) 단국대학교 특수교육연구소 2020 특수교육논총 Vol.36 No.3
연구목적: 인간은 태어나면서부터 주변 환경과의 상호작용을 통해 다양한 경험을 축적하게 되고 이를 바탕으로 언어를 발달시켜 간다. 그러나 어린 나이에 사회보호시설에서 생활하는 아동들의 경우 일반가정 아동들에 비해 상대적으로 환경적인 제약 속에서 생활하게 되고, 이는 이들의 언어발달에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사회보호시설 아동의 추론 능력이 일반가정 아동과 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 시설에서 생활하는 정상발달 아동 15명, 시설에서 생활하는 단순언어장애 아동 15명, 일반가정에서 생활하는 아동 15명, 총 45명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들에게 상황 그림으로 구성된 예측추론 과제를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였고, 세 집단 간 수행을 비교하고자 일원분산분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 세 집단 간수행에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났고, 시설 일반 아동들은 일반가정 아동들에 비해 유의미하게 저조한 수행을 보인 반면 시설 단순언어장애 아동들보다는 유의미하게 높은 수행을 보였다. 결론: 사회보호시설에서 생활하는 아동들 중 언어 능력에서 두드러진 손상이 없는 아동들도 상황을 이해하고 추론하는 데 어려움을 보였는데 이 같은 결과를 사회보호시설의 환경적인 특성과 연결지어 설명하였고, 이에 대한 대안에 대해 논의하였다. Objectives: Humans accumulate various experiences by interaction with the surrounding environment, which is the basis of language development. However, children in institutional care may experience environmental deprivation from a young age compared to children raised at home, which may affect their language development. Therefore, we explored whether there were differences in the predictive inference between children in institutional care and children reared at home. Method: 15 children in institutional care, 15 children with Specific Language Impairment(SLI), and 15 children reared at home participated. They were asked to complete a predictive inference task consisting of situational pictures. A one-way variance was conducted to compare the three groups’ performances. Results: There were significant differences in the groups’ performances. Children in institutional care showed a significantly poorer performance than those reared at home, but they showed significantly higher performance than those with SLI. Conclusion: Even children in institutional care without significant problems in their language skills, had difficulty using inference to solve problems. These results were explained in connection to the environmental characteristics of institutional care, and alternative policies were discussed.
신선희(Sunhee Shin),장자영(Ja Young Jang),백인정(In-Jeoung Baek),연정민(Jung-Min Yon),남상윤(Sang-Yoon Nam),윤영원(Young Won Yun),조대현(Dae-Hyun Cho),김순선(Soon-Sun Kim),이규식(Gyu-Seek Rhee),곽승준(Seung-Jun Kwack),김윤배(Yun-Bae 한국독성학회 2005 Toxicological Research Vol.21 No.4
The developmental toxicity of water extract of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) was evaluated in rats. Licorice extract (500, 1,000 or 2,000 ㎎/㎏) was dissolved in drinking water and orally administered to male rats from 9 weeks before mating to the day of copulation, and to females from 2 weeks before mating to gestational day 19. On gestational day 20, the animals were sacrificed for Cesarian section, and maternal and fetal abnormalities were examined. Licorice extract neither induce clinical signs, nor affect the body weight gain, feed and water intake, estrous cycle, copulation and fertility rates, blood 17β-estradiol level and organ weights of dams. Also, the implantation and development including body weights, absorption and death of embryos and fetuses were not influenced by in utero exposure to licorice. In addition, there were no increases in external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities of fetuses. Taken together, it is suggested that no observed adverse effect level of licorice extract is higher than 2,000 ㎎/㎏, and that long-term in utero exposure to licorice might not cause developmental toxicities of embryos and fetuses.
랫드에서 사염화탄소로 유발된 간손상에 대한 간조직 추출물 항독성 분획의 개선효과
김종선(Jongsun Kim),장자영(Ja Young Jang),신선희(Sunhee Shin),박동선(Dongsun Park),김은주(Eun Ju Kim),조정희(Jung-Hee Cho),황석연(Seock-Yeon Hwang),권철(Chull Kwon),권지현(Ji Hyun Kwon),황규계(Kyu-Kye Kwang),김윤배(Yun-Bae Kim) 한국실험동물학회 2004 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.20 No.3
The detoxification effect of Liver Extract Antitoxic Fractions (LEAFs) on liver injury and dysfunction induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) was investigated. Female rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl₄ at a dose of 1 ㎖/㎏ (20% in corn oil, 5 ㎖/㎏). LEAF-B or LEAF-P, originated from bovine and porcine, respectively, was treated subcutaneously at doses of 100, 300 or 500 ㎎/㎏ (10 ㎖/㎏) 4 hr and 30 min prior to as well as 4 hr and 20 hr after CCl₄ challenge. The rats were anesthesized with intraperitoneal injection of urethane (16.5% in saline, 6 ㎖/㎏) 4 hr following final LEAF treatment (24 hr after CCl₄ injection), and administered with bromosulphalein (BSP) solution (1% in saline, 2 ㎖/㎏). The initial biliary excretion time of BSP was recorded, and the blood concentration of BSP was quantified 21 and 46 min after intravenous administration. Also, blood biochemical parameters related to hepatic and renal injuries in accordance with histopathological findings were analyzed. The biliary excretion time of BSP was greatly delayed by CCl₄ injection, which was significantly attenuated by 300-500 ㎎/㎏ of LEAF-B and 100 or 500 ㎎/㎏ of LEAF-P. Also, CCl₄-induced delay in BSP clearance was markedly recovered by 300-500 ㎎/㎏ of LEAF-B or 500 ㎎/㎏ of LEAF-P. In addition, CCl₄-induced changes in blood biochemical markers related to hepatic and renal injuries were remarkably reversed by LEAF-B or LEAF-P in a dose-dependent manner. Such effects of LEAFs on liver dysfunction were in parallel with the histopathological findings of the liver. That is, CCl₄ caused centrilobular congestion, hepatocytic degeneration, lipid droplets and immflamatory cell infiltration, resulting in disintegration of hepatic cords. Interestingly, such lesions were attenuated by LEAFs treatment, reducing mean lesion scores from 2.30 in rats administered with CCl₄ alone to 1.75 and 1.65 in animals treated with 500 ㎎/㎏ of LEAF-B and LEAF-P, respectively. Taken together, it is suggested that LEAFs might have protective effects against hepatic and renal cytotoxicity and dysfunction including impairments of hepatic biosynthesis, biliary excretion, metabolism and filtration induced by CCl₄, and that the effecacy of LEAF-P is comparable to that of LEAF-B which is avaliable in clinics.
사염화탄소로 유발된 간손상에 대한 구기자 추출물의 예방효과
조정희(Jung-Hee Cho),신지순(Ji Soon Sin),김은주(Eun Jun Kim),신선희(Sunhee Shin),장자영(Ja Young Jang),신경섭(Kyeong Seob Shin),김윤배(Yun-Bae Kim),강종구(Jong-Koo Kang),황석연(Seock-Yeon Hwang) 한국실험동물학회 2004 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.20 No.2
The protective effects of the extract of Lycii fructus against hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) were studied in rats. The rats were orally treated with CCl₄ (50% in com oil) at initial dose of 1 ㎖/㎏ followed by 0.5 ㎖/㎏ four times during 2-week period. The extract of L. fructus (50, 100 or 200 ㎖/㎏) or its vehicle was administered everyday from 1 week before the start of CCl₄ injection for five weeks. Exposure to CCl₄ reduced red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin, whereas it markedly enhanced white blood cells (WBC). In addition, CCl₄ induced hepatocelluar degeneration and necrosis, leading to a great increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. In biochemical analyses, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and physphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) in hepatic tissues were remarkably increased by CCl₄ treatment, resulting in the induction of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Noteworthy, such changes in RBC, WBC and hemoglobin were recovered by treatment with the extract of L. fructrus to the control levels. In addition, not only increases in serum AST, ALT and ALP, but also induction of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in hepatic tissues caused by CCl₄ were significantly attenuated by the L. fructrus extract in a dose-dependent manner. Such hepato-protective effects of L. fructrus extract were confirmed by histopathological examinations, wherein only mild hepatocytic vacuolations were observed in the liver of rats treated with a high dose (200 ㎎/㎏) of L. fructrus extract, in contrast to severe hepatocytic degenerations in rats administered with CCl₄ alone. Taken together, it is suggested that the extract of Lycii fructus could be a promising candidate for the protection of liver injury, based on the preventive effects against morphological cellular injuries, lipid peroxidation and serum biochemical parameters.
랫드에서 cyclophosphamide로 유발된 기형에 대한 홍삼추출물의 효과
이예은(Yea Eun Lee),변상국(Sang Kuk Byun),신선희(Sunhee Shin),장자영(Ja Young Jang),최병일(Byong-il Choi),박동선(Dongsun Park),전정희(Jeong Hee Jeon),임숙희(Sook Hee Lim),황석연(Seock-Yeon Hwang),김윤배(Yun-Bae Kim) 한국실험동물학회 2005 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.21 No.3
Effects of repeated treatment with red ginseng extract on the teratogenicity of cyclophosphamide were investigated in rats. Pregnant rats were orally treated with red ginseng extract (100 or 500 ㎎/㎏) for 7 days, from days 6 to 12 of gestation, and intraperitoneally challenged with cyclophosphamide (12 ㎎/㎏) 1 hr after the final treatment. On day 20 of gestation, the maternal and fetal abnormalities were examined. Cyclophosphamide, administered on day 12 of gestation, reduced fetal and placental weights to 70 - 80% and 50% of control, respectively, and induced 80% of malformations in live fetuses. The malformations include cranial defect and exencephaly (80.0%), micrognathia and tongue extrusion (20.9%), edema and hematoma (29.1%), ventricular dilatation (16.7%), vertebral defects (78.6%), costal defects (44.6%), and delayed skeletal ossification (80.4%). Interestingly, red ginseng extract further decreased the fetal weights and remarkably aggravated fetal defects in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in 96.7% of cranial defect and exencephaly, 64.8% of micrognathia and tongue extrusion, 49.5% of limb defects, 90.7% of vertebral defects, 88.4% of costal defects, and 83.7% of delayed skeletal ossification in rats administered with 500 ㎎/㎏ of red ginseng extract followed by cyclophosphamide. These results demonstrate that a long-term pretreatment with red ginseng extract substantially enhance body weight loss and malformations of fetuses induced by intrauterine exposure to cyclophosphamide.
Zucker rats에서 고지방식이에 의해 유도된 비만에 대한 활기단 SJ-201의 개선효과
조정희(Jung-Hee Cho),이남진(Nam Jin Lee),홍성희(Seong-Hee Hong),김동규(Dong Kyu Kim),신선희(Sunhee Shin),박정휘(Jung-Hui Park),강종구(Jong-Koo Kang),김윤배(Yun-Bae Kim),황석연(Seock-Yeon Hwang) 한국실험동물학회 2005 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.21 No.2
This study was performed to investigate the anti-obesity effect of Hwalgidan SJ-201 in high-fat diet-fed Zucker Fa/- rats. Obesity was induced by feeding on high-fat diet containing 3% corn oil and 1% cholesterol for 8 weeks, in which Hwalgidan SJ-201 (3%) was added to the diet for the treatment group. The rats fed on the high-fat diet showed increased gain of body weights, leading to enhanced feed efficiency ratio. In addition, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, total proteins and creatinine were increased, in comparison with decrease in high-density lipoproteins (HDL), in male rats. In females, cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase and creatinine were enhanced, in contrast to lowered level of HDL. Moreover, high-fat diet induced hepatic lipid peroxidation, resulting in increased relative liver weights. Such changes in body weights as well as parameters indicating obesity and hepatic injury were attenuated by feeding on Hwalgidan SJ-201, although there were some fluctuation of biomarkers and gender differences in the response to the diet and Hwalgidan SJ-201. Taken together, it is suggested that Hwalgidan SJ-201 has potential for improving high-fat diet-induced obesity and ensuing hepatic burden by regulating lipid profiles and radical reactions.
황석연(Seock-Yeon Hwang),권운(Woon Kwon),채희열(Hee-Youl Chai),조영민(Young-Min Cho),류재면(Jae Myun Ryu),김동규(Dong Kyu Kim),신지순(Ji Soon Sin),김태명(Tae Kyung Kim),조정희(Jung-Hee Cho),신선희(Sunhee Shin),박정휘(Jung-Hui Park) 한국실험동물학회 2004 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.20 No.3
Four-week repeated-dose toxicity of Kamiguibitang was investigated in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with Kamiguibitang at doses of 200, 800, 1,600 or 3,200 ㎎/㎏/day or its vehicle for 28 days. There were no significant differences in the body weight gain between vehicle control and Kamiguibitang-treated groups. Significant changes in daily feed intake and water consumption were not observed throughout the experimental period. There were trends of increase in platelets and white blood cells, in parallel with increases in serum globulin level and spleen weight, suggestive of inflammatory response and/or immune enhancement. Serum parameters of hepatic and renal injuries, such as aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglyceride, creatinine, phosphorus, calcium, sodium and potassium, also increased at low doses (200-800 ㎎/㎏) of Kamiguibitang, although the levels were suppressed at high doses (1,600-3,200 ㎎/㎏). However, no gross and histopathological lesions were seen at all doses. Based on the results, no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Kamiguibitang was found to be lower than 200 ㎎/㎏, which is comparable with clinical dose (100 ㎎/㎏) in human. In spite of the relatively-low NOAEL, it is suggested that repeated treatment with Kamiguibitang may not exert considerable adverse effects, as inferred from that major hematological and blood biochemical changes were results of pharmacological effectiveness on immunomodulation, and that no histopathological lesions were exerted up to 32 folds of clinical dose (3,200 ㎎/㎏),