식품 및 환경, 기타 포도당분해산물이 사람 복막중피세포 활성화에 미치는 영향

송재숙 ( Jae Sook Song ),이경림 ( Kyung Lim Lee ),하헌주 ( Hun Joo Ha ) 한국미생물생명공학회 2005 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Nε - ( Carboxymethyl ) Lysine - 우혈청 알부민이 흰쥐 사구체 혈관간세포의 활성화에 미치는 영향

임현진(Hyun Jin Lim),송재숙(Jae Sook Song),하헌주(Hun Joo Ha),이희발(Hi Bahl Lee) 대한신장학회 2002 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.21 No.1

배 경 : 체내의 당과 조직 단백의 비효소적 결합과 변형으로 생성되는 후기당화산물(advanced glycosylation end products : AGE)은 당뇨병성 신증의 독립적인 발생 인자이다. AGE는 세포막에 존재하는 AGE 특이 수용체와 결합하여 생물학적 효과를 나타내는데 현재로서는 receptors for AGE (RAGE)가 AGE의 신호를 전달하는데 가장 주된 역할을 하는 수용체로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 RAGE에 대한 생체내 ligand로 제시되고 있는 N-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML)이 세포외기질(extracellular matrix : ECM) 단백의 합성 및 분비와 관련된 혈관간세포의 활성에 미치는 영향을 검색하였다. 방 법 : 흰쥐 사구체에서 분리 배양한 혈관간세포를 6- 10회 계대 배양하여 실험에 이용하였으며 세포의 증식은 [^3H]- thymidine incorporation으로, fibronectin, 전환성장인자(transforming growth factor : TGF )- β1 및 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)- 1 단백 분비와 AGE 수용체 표현은 Western blot 분석이나 ELISA로 정량하였다. 결 과 : CML- bovine serum albumin (CML- BSA) 1,000 ㎍/mL은 48시간에 대조군이나 BSA 투여군과 비교하여 thymidine incorporation을 의미 있게 감소시켰으나 10과 100 ㎍/mL 농도에서는 세포증식에 영향을 주지 않았다. TGF - β1 10 ng/mL는 24시간과 48시간에 thymidine incorporation을 의미 있게 억제시켰다. CML- BSA 100과 1,000 ㎍/mL은 대조군과 비교하여 fibronectin 분비를 의미 있게 증가시켰고, BSA 1,000 ㎍/mL과 TGF - β1 10 ng/mL 역시 fibronectin 분비를 의미 있게 증가시켰다. CML- BSA는 1,000 ㎍/mL까지 투여 하더라도 혈관간세포의 PAI- 1과 TGF - β1 분비에 의미 있는 변화를 주지 않았다. 그러나 TGF - β1 10 ng/mL는 PAI- 1을 현저히 증가시켰다. 배양 혈관간세포는 RAGE와 함께 또 다른 AGE 수용체인 galectin-3을 표현하였고, CML- BSA 100 ㎍/mL은 galectin - 3 단백 표현을 유의하게 증가시켰다. 결 론 : CML- BSA가 혈관간세포의 증식을 억제하고 fibronectin 분비를 증가시켜 세포외 기질 확장과 사구체 경화를 초래할 수 있음을 시사하였다. 또 배양한 혈관간세포는 AGE 수용체인 RAGE와 galectin - 3을 표현하고 CML은 galectin - 3을 상향조절하며 이들 수용체가 AGE에 의한 혈관간세포 활성화에 관여할 수 있음을 시사하였다. N/A

Mycophenolic Acid가 올레산으로 유도한 흰쥐 혈관 평활근 세포의 증식에 미치는 영향

안형준(Hyung Joon Ahn),박제현(Jehyun Park),송재숙(Jae Sook Song),주만기(Man Ki Ju),김명수(Myoung Soo Kim),하헌주(Hunjoo Ha),송기호(Ki Ho Song),김유선(Yu Seun Kim) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.72 No.3

Purpose: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibits various mesenchymal cell proliferation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the anti-pro-liferative effect of MPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of MPA on oleic acid (OA)-induced VSMC proliferation and also the role of ROS in these processes. Methods: Primary cultured rat VSMCs from Sprague-Dawley were stimulated with OA 100μM. MPA 0.1∼10μM and N-acetylcystein (NAC) 5 mM were administered 1 hour before adding the OA. Cell proliferation was measured by Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) assay, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression by Western blot analysis, and dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-sensitive cellular ROS by flow cytometry. Results: OA at 100μM significantly increased MTT level by 1.6-fold as well as PCNA expression at 48 hours in rat VSMCs. OA also induced DCF-sensitive cellular ROS by 1.6-fold at 5 minutes and the increment of cellular ROS remained for up to 1 hour. MPA at above 1μM inhibited OA- induced VSMC proliferation and cellular ROS in a dosedependent manner. NAC 5 mM also inhibited OA-induced rat VSMC activation. Conclusion: These results suggest that MPA inhibits OA-induced VSMC proliferation partially through the inhibition of cellular ROS.

스크랩 불순물이 Zr 합금의 미세조직 및 기계적 특성에 미치는 영향

정구범 ( Gu Beom Jeong ),김인원 ( In Won Kim ),송재숙 ( Jae Sook Song ),신평우 ( Pyung Woo Shin ),홍순익 ( Sun Ig Hong ) 한국주조공학회 2016 한국주조공학회지 Vol.36 No.3

In this study, the effect of scrap ratio on the mechanical properties of Zr alloys was studied. Oxygen content in the ingot cake increased rapidly with increasing fraction of scrap, which can be attributed to the surface oxide of scrap including small pieces of turning, chips, etc. Iron content did not increase much with the increasing addition of scrap, suggesting scrap materials was well reserved in the iron-free container. As-cast structure of Zr alloy with the scrap: sponge ratio displayed plate/or needle α phase and no appreciable change of the cast structure was observed with change of scrap fraction. The strength increases with increasing fraction of scrap, which can be attributed to the increase of oxygen content. The ductility decreased slightly with increase of scrap fraction. Dislocation-oxygen interaction is known to increase the strength at the expense of ductility. Ingot cake with intentionally added Fe2O3 exhibited the drastic decrease of the formability, even exhibited the brittle fracture behavior during rolling. The oxidation resistance, however, increased with the increase of scrap fraction because of high oxygen content, which may prevent more penetration and diffusion of oxygen into matrix.

논문 : 복합재료 ; 10vol.%의 Al2O3p가 보강된 Al-Mg-Si 합금 기지 복합재료의 마모특성

김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),맹덕영 ( Duck Young Maeng ),이종현 ( Jong Hyeon Lee ),송재숙 ( Jae Sook Song ),홍순익 ( Sun Ig Hong ),원창환 ( Chang Whan Won ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 1998 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.36 No.6

Wear properties of 6061 Al-Al2O3 particulate composites were investigated and correlated with the microstructure. The peak-aged composite was more wear-resistant than the underaged composite and the plane perpendicular to the extrusion direction was more wear-resistant than that parallel to the extrusion direction. The difference of the wear resistance between two different orientations was observed to be greater than that between underaged and peak-aged matrix microstructure, suggesting that preferential orientation of particulates has a greater effect on the wear resistance than the change of the matrix microstructure. The difference of wear properties between two different orientations can be explained by the effect of preferentially orientated reinforcing particles on the shear modulus and shear deformation. The mechanically mixed layer with fine Al2O3 fragments was observed at the sliding speed of 1.14 m/s. When the sliding speed was increased to 362 m/s. the presence of the subsurface layer with fine particles was much less pronounced and the specific weal increased drastically.

포도당분해산물이 사람 복막중피세포 활성화에 미치는 영향

송재숙,이경림,하헌주 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2008 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.17

상용 복막투석액에 함유된 고농도의 포도당과 포도당 분해산물(glucose degradation products: GDP)이 복막의 비후, 복막 투과성의 증가 및 한외여과 부전과 같은 복막의 구조적, 기능적 변화를 초래하리라 추정되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 GDP 성분이 사람 복막중피세포 활성화에 미치는 영향을 검색하였고 또 이때 ROS와 PKC가 관여하는지를 검색하였다. 혈청이 배제된 M199 배양액으로 성장을 동일화시킨 사람 복막중피세포를 GDP인 methylglyoxal(MGO), acetaldehyde, 그리고 3,4-dioxyglucosone-3-ene(3,4-DGE)으로 48시간 동안 자극하였고, 복막의 투과성에 대한 지표로서 혈과내피성장인자(vascular endothelial growth factor: VEGF)를, 섬유화의 지표로서 fibronectin과 heat shock protein 47(hsp47)의 단백을 정량하였다. 활성산소족(reactive oxygen species: ROS)과 protein kinase C(PKC)의 관여여부는 각각 항산화제 N-acetylcystein(NAC)과 PKC 억제제 calphostin C의 억제 효과로 검색하였다. MGO는 대조군과 비교하여 VEGF분비를 1.9배, fibronectin 분비를 1.5배 그리고 hsp47 표현을 1.3배로 유의하게 증가시켰다(p<0.05). MGO에 의한 VEGF 상향 조절은 calphostin C와 NAC에 의하여 유의하게 억제되었다. 사람 복막중피세포에서 VEGF 분비는 acetaldehyde에 의하여 증가하였으나 3,4-DGE에 의하여 억제되었고, fibronectin 분비와 hsp47 표현은 acetaldehyde나 3,4-DGE에 의하여 영향을 받지 않았다. 이상을 종합할 때, ROS 생산과 PKC 활성화가 상용투석액내 함유된 MGO에 의한 점진적인 복막의 투과성 증가, 세포외기질 축적 그리고 복막 섬유화를 유발하는 주된 신호체계로서 이를 선택적으로 억제함으로써 복막의 기능을 유지할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Both high glucose and glucose degradation products (GDP) have been implicated in alterations of peritoneal membrane structure and function during long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The present study examined the role of GDP including methylglyoxal (MGO), acetaldehyde, and 3,4-dideox-yglucosone (3,4-DGE) in HPMC activation with respect to membrane hyperpermeability or fibrosis. The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in GDP-induced HPMC activation were also examined. Using M199 culture medium as control, growth arrested and synchronized HPMC were continuously stimulated by MGO, acetaldehyde, and 3,4-DGE for 48 hours. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was quantified as a marker of peritoneal membrane hyperpermeability and fibronectin and heat shock protein 47 (hsp47) as markers of fibrosis. Involvement of ROS and PKC was examined by the inhibitory effect of N-acetylcystein (NAC) or calphostin C, respectively. MGO significantly increased VEGF (1.9-fold), fibronectin (1.5-fold), and hsp47 (1.3-fold) secretion compared with control M199. NAC and calphostin C effectively inhibited MGO-induced VEGF upregulation. Acetaldehyde stimulated and 3,4-DGE inhibited VEGF secretion. Fibronectin secretion and hsp47 expression in HPMC were not affected by acetaldehyde or 3,4-DGE. In conclusion, MGO upregulated VEGF and fibronectin secretion and hsp47 expression in HPMC, and PKC as well as ROS mediate MGO-induced VEGF secretion by HPMC. This implies that PKC activation and ROS generation by GDP may constitute important signals for activation of HPMC leading to progressive membrane hyperpermeability and accumulation of extracellular matrix and eventual peritoneal fibrosis.

중증장애인의 활동보조서비스 제공기관별 만족도 비교 연구

송재숙,정종화 한국장애인재활협회 2009 재활복지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 중증장애인에게 제공되고 있는 우리나라의 활동보조서비스(PAS)에 대하여 서비스 제공기관별(장애인자립생활센터, 장애인복지관, 지역자활센터) 서비스만족도의 차이를 측정하였으며, 그 배경요인에 대하여 고찰하였다. 연구결과를 중심으로 요약하면 다음과 같이 정리할 수 있겠다. 첫째, 서비스제공기관에 따른 만족도의 측정에서는, 서비스내용만족도나 활동보조인 만족도에서 집단 간 차이에 대해 유의미한 결과를 보였고, 나머지에 대해서는 기각되었다. 집단 간 차이에 대한 서비스 만족도의 경우, 지역자활센터, 장애인복지관, 자립생활센터 순으로 만족도가 높게 나타났다. 이에 대한 배경요인의 분석결과, 자립생활이념의 이해정도와 매우 밀접한 관련이 있음을 확인하였으며, 이용자의 IL이념의 이해정도가 높은 집단인 자립생활센터가 PAS 만족도와 서비스내용 만족도에서 낮은 결과를 보였다. 이는 PAS 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인 중 자립생활이념에 대한 이해정도가 영향요인으로서의 유의미성이 검증되었다. 둘째, 활동보조인 특성에 따른 만족도 요인분석에서 연령이 높을수록(40대 이상), 직업적으로는 전업 활동보조인일수록 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 활동보조인에 대한 만족도나 제공기관에 대한 만족도는 활동보조인의 경력이 많을수록 낮게 분석되었다. 이는 경력자의 경우 활동보조인의 의사결정력이 커지면서 업무의 능숙함으로 인해 이용자의 욕구를 파악하려 하지 않는 등의 태도로 나타나면서 상호관계의 불균형이 일부 반영되어 전체적으로 서비스만족도에 영향을 끼친 것으로 해석된다. 셋째, PAS 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인은 활동보조인과의 관계, 코디네이팅, 필요한 시간에 활동보조인의 이용 여부, 이용자의 IL이념에 대한 이해정도, 활동보조시간의 준수로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 활동보조서비스 제도개선책으로, 활동보조인에 대한 IL교육의 강화, 장애인특성에 따른 활동보조의 대처기술 개발이 필수적으로 이루어져야 하며, PAS 기관에 대한 모니터링 및 평가 등을 주기적으로 수행하여 서비스 만족도를 높이고 질적 서비스 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다. The paradigm of the welfare for disabled people is shifting from the approach of institute accommodation through deinstitutionalization and rehabilitation to the idea of independent living. As the paradigm shift, the key service for the heavily disabled people can live independent living in local community is PAS(Personal Assistance Service). The final goal of the welfare for the disabled people is independent living and social integration. Although many institutes(Center for independent living, Welfare centers for people with disabilities, and Regional self-sufficiency promotion center) provide PAS, the systematic research on the comparison of service satisfaction between these institutions and the factors influence on the service satisfaction was rarely executed. The research results are as follows: 1. PAS satisfaction according to the institutes providing PAS : We classified the institutes into 3 such as Center for independent living, Welfare centers for people with disabilities, and Regional self-sufficiency promotion center. We analyzed the results under the hypothesis of PAS satisfaction of PAS consumer will differ according to institute idea, operating type, and operating system. Meaningful results in satisfaction at service contents and personal assistant were derived between groups. 2. PAS satisfaction according to the characteristics of personal assistant : Satisfaction according to the characteristics of personal attendant is analyzed as high when personal assistant is old and personal assistant is a full time personal assistant or a house wife. Although the satisfaction at service contents is analyzed as high when personal attendant has long career as a personal attendant, the satisfaction at personal attendant and the institutes is analyzed as low. 3. Satisfaction according to the understanding of independent living: PAS consumer's satisfaction at the service contents, personal attendant, and the institutes is high when personal attendant understands the spirit of independent living well. Whereas the satisfaction at personal attendant and the institutes is low when PAS consumer understands the idea of independent living well. So, PAS satisfaction is degraded. 4. The factors affecting PAS satisfaction: The factors affecting PAS satisfaction are the relationship between PAS consumer and personal attendant, coordinating, and using personal attendant when PAS consumer needs personal attendant. The most powerful factors are the relationship between PAS consumer and personal attendant, and coordinating.

제조업체별 Zircaloy-4 원전연료 피복관의 수소화합물 생성과 기계적 특성

김재원,홍순익,최용,송재숙,김상동 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1997 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.35 No.12

Hydride formation behavior and its effect on the mechanical properties of Zircaloy-4 nuclear cladding tubing produced by various manufacturers were studied. The hydride was formed by high temperature cathodic hydrogen charging method(HCM). TEM works revealed that the grain size of the commercial Zircaloy-4 cladding tubes was 2-7㎛ in which Zr(Fe, Cr)₂ was uniformly precipitated. δ(ZrH) spectra was mainly observed in the alloy after HCM, and, ZrH₂ and ZrO_(0.35) phases were hardly observed by X-ray analysis. The hydride was found to significantly influence the mechanical properties such as ductility, ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, the crack initiation and propagation behavior. The strain rate sensitivity and the activation volume of the cladding tubes containing the hydrides were observed to be not much different from those without hydrides, suggesting the deformation mechanism before crack initiation is not greatly influenced by the presence of hydrides. The rate controlling mechanism of the deformation was well explained by the dislocation trough model in which the segregation of alloying elements on dislocation determines the activation length.

가공공정으로 제조된 Cu-Cr 계 미세복합재료의 기계적 전기적 특성

홍순익,송재숙 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2001 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.39 No.7

The strength and electrical conductivity of Cu-7Cr-0.9Ag-0.3Fe and Cu-7Cr-0.9Co-0.4Fe microcomposite plates obtained by cold rolling combined with intermediate heat treatments have been investigated. During cold working the primary and secondary dendrite arms were aligned along the rolling direction and elongated into filaments and also coarse Cr particles were found to be distributed uniformly in the matrix after thermo-mechanical deformation processing. The ultimate tensile strength and the conductivity of the Cu-Cr based microcomposites containing Ag were higher than those of Cu-Cr microcomposites containing Co. The strength of Cu-Cr composites was dependent on the spacing of the fine Cr filaments and volume fraction of the coarse Cr particles in accordance with a rule of mixture. The fracture surfaces of all the specimens showed ductile-type fracture.

가공공정으로 제조된 Cu-Ag 합금의 미세구조 및 기계적 특성

홍순익,송재숙,임문수 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 2000 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.38 No.1

The microstructural and mechanical stability of Cu-6 wt.%Ag alloys obtained by cold rolling combined with intermediate heat treatments have been investigated and compared with those of Cu-24wt.%Ag. The stress-strain responses and fracture behavior of Cu-6 wt.%Ag alloys were examined and correlated with the microstructual change caused by thermo-mechanical treatments. The linear white markings are thought to be deformation bands stabilized by silver atoms, not silver filaments as eutectic Cu-Ag alloy. The highly deformed microstructure stabilized by silver filament is unstable at temperatures above 300℃ because of the increase of the diffusivity of silver atoms. The strength of Cu-6 wt.%Ag alloys were found to be decreased remarkably if they were heat-treated above 300℃ for 1hr. The fracture surfaces of Cu-6 wt.%Ag alloys showed topical ductile type fracture. The electrical conductivity did not change appreciably up to the aging temperature of 200℃ and increased rapidly at temperatures above 300℃. The increase of the conductivity and the decrease of the strength can be associated with the coarsening and spheroidization of highly deformed linear band structure. The strengthening mechanism and microstructural stability were discussed based on the microstructural analyses.