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송병주 ( Byung Joo Song ),김지일 ( Ji Il Kim ),김한성 ( Han Seong Kim ),박성혜 ( Sung Hye Park ),장석효 ( Seok Hyo Chang ) 대한소화기학회 2003 대한소화기학회지 Vol.41 No.5
Background/Aims: The Fas-FasL system is the main pathway for the induction of apoptosis in normal and malignant tumor cells. The binding of FasL in the cytotoxic T lymphocytes or Anti-Fas antibody to Fas receptor in cell membrane induces apoptosis. Loss of Fas expression has been demonstrated in a variety of tumor cells. Recently, it is reported that gastric cancers express Fas ligand and downregulate Fas to escape from the host immune surveillance. Methods: We performed clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies for Fas, FasL, P53, E-cadherin, beta-catenin, and Ki-67 in the specimens obtained from 52 gastric cancer patients treated with curative resections from 2000 to 2002. Results: Loss of Fas and expression of FasL were observed in 15 (28.8%) and 19 (36.5%) patients respectively. The loss of Fas expression was dominantly demonstrated in poorly differentiated and diffuse type of gastric carcinoma. Loss of Fas expression had a significant correlation with nuclear expression of beta-catenin (p=0.027). Conclusions: Loss of Fas expression in gastric cancer is significantly influenced by histological grade, Lauren classification, and nuclear expression of beta-catenin. These findings indicate that loss of Fas expression correlates with aggressiveness of gastric cancer. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2003;41:335-342)
송병주(Song Byung-Joo),김창수(Kim Chang-Soo) 서울행정학회 2003 한국사회와 행정연구 Vol.13 No.4
Why does the marine environmental policy means fail to achieve policy goals? Basically we analysed the overuse problems of the marine environments, which were caused by the property of the commons. But the main purpose of this study is to answer that question and find the cause-and-effect structure of marine environmental policy problems characterizing the tragedy of the commons from the viewpoint of policy implementation theory and RCI(Rational Choice Institutionalism). For this purpose an analytical framework is built, which focuses on finding out the relationship between institution and policy actors related to maritime environmental pollution. We concluded that the axis of regulation in harmony with that of cooperation is most needed to solve the marine environmental policy problems. We also found that the efficient incentive system and reward system design is required to prevent opportunistic activities of policy actors including central governments, local governments, and policy target group. Practically the success or failure of the marine environmental pollution problem solving is depending on how the institution designer effectively plans an incentive structure and how he makes and implements the rule of the games. The Ministry of Environment of Korea would be more concerned about the drinking water pollution rather than the maritime pollution, so it would be desirable that the authority and responsibility of the maritime pollution problems should be handed over to the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. And we found out that the compliance of fishermen would be easily derived if the incentive mechanism helping them to effectively store and process the marine rubbish gathered from the sea and to get the corresponding rewards could be built. Lastly we expect that the press and environmental NGOs will be collaborators as well as watchmen for the more desirable marine environmental problem-solving structure.