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뿌리산업의 스마트 공장 구축을 위한 스마트 공장 패키지 S/W 구성 및 클라우드 기반 서비스 시스템
송기형(Ki Hyeong Song),정홍진(Hong Jin Jeong),이동윤(Dong Yoon Lee),김보현(Bo Hyun Kim) 한국생산제조학회 2020 한국생산제조학회지 Vol.29 No.4
The root industry is poorer than other industries in terms of manufacturing environment, including personnel, facility, budget, and information technology usage. For information systems in this industry, a packaged software is preferred for developing a customized software suitable for its manufacturing environment owing to the introduction time and software cost. This paper proposes a method for quick configuration of a package software, considering requirements of an SME in the root industry, and a service system for SMEs to enable package software access at any time and place. The key mechanism for configuring the package software involved classifying the software functions extracted by SMEs into three templates, according to the smartization level of SMEs. The cloud-based service system’s architecture was designed to configure the package software easily and manage its version, history, and users. Implementing the prototype service system revealed its usability and generated research issues that should be examined continuously.
Cutting Force Estimation Using Feed Motor Drive Current in Cutting Process Monitoring
송기형(Ki Hyeong Song),이동윤(Dong Yoon Lee),박경희(Kyung Hee Park),김재혁(Jae Hyeok Kim),최영재(Young Jae Choi) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2020 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.37 No.11
The cutting force signal has traditionally served as a reference in conducting the monitoring studies using a variety of sensors to identify the cutting phenomena. There have been continuing studies on how to monitor the cutting force indirectly. It is because it is easier to access when considering an application to the actual machining site. This paper discusses a method of indirectly monitoring the cutting force using the feed drive current to analyze the change in the trend of the cutting force over the lapse of machining time. This enables the analysis of the cutting force by separating it in the X and Y axes of the machining plane. To increase the discrimination of the signal related to the actual cutting phenomenon from the feed drive current signal, a bandpass filter was applied based on the tooth passing frequency. The relationship between the feed drive current and the cutting force analyzed from the machining signal of actual machining conditions was applied to convert the feed drive current into the cutting force. It has been verified through experiments that the cutting load can be estimated with markedly high accuracy as a physical quantity of force from the feed motor current.
송기형(Ki-Hyeong Song),이동윤(Dong-Yoon Lee),박경희(Kyung-Hee Park),이석우(Seok-Woo Lee),김현철(Hyun-Cheol Kim),제태진(Tae-Jin Je) 한국기계가공학회 2012 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.11 No.2
In order to cope with the requirements of smaller patterns, larger surfaces and lower costs in the fields of displays, optics and energy, greater attentions are now being paid to the development of micro-pattern machining technology. Compared with flat moulds, large drums with micro patterns (roll moulds) have the advantages of short delivery, ease of manufacturing larger surfaces, and continuous moulding. This paper introduced the machining process technology of the roll moulds for display industry. The environmental effects were discussed and the importance of temperature aintenance was experimentally emphasized. The real time monitoring system for micro machining was introduced. A commercial solution was used to simulate the micro grooving and a deformation model of micro machined pattern was finally introduced.
The State of the Art in Monitoring Technology of Machining Operations
송기형(Ki Hyeong Song),이동윤(Dong Yoon Lee) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2018 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.35 No.3
Monitoring technology of machining operations has a long history since unmanned machining was introduced. Lots of research papers were presented and some of them has been commercialized and applied to shop floor. Despite the long history, many researchers have presented new approaches continuously in this area. This paper presents current state of monitoring technology of machining operations. The objectives of monitoring are shortly summarized, and the monitoring methods and the unique sensor technologies are reviewed. The main objective of the monitoring technology remains same; tool condition monitoring (TCM). The general approaches also remain similar; signal processing and decision making. But, the innovative methods for every step of process monitoring are being provided to improve the performance. More powerful computing is lowering the wall of much more data from more sensors by fast calculation. This technology also introduces the novel decision making strategies such as Artificial Intelligent. New materials and new communication technologies are breaking the limitation of sensor positions. Virtual machining technology which estimates the machining physics is being integrated with monitoring technology.
단결정 다이아몬드공구 제작 기술을 통한 초정밀 미세패턴 가공 연구
정성택,송기형,최영재,백승엽,Jung, Sung-Taek,Song, Ki-Hyeong,Choi, Young-Jae,Baek, Seung-Yub 한국금형공학회 2020 한국금형공학회지 Vol.14 No.3
As the consumer market in the VR(virtual reality) and the head-up display industry grows, the demand for 5-axis machines and grooving machines using on a ultra-precision machining increasing. In this paper, ultra-precision diamond tools satisfying the cutting edge width of 500 nm were developed through the process research of a focused ion beam. The material used in the experiment was a single-crystal diamond tool (SCD), and the equipment for machining the SCD used a focused ion beam. In order to reduce the influence of the Gaussian beam emitted from the focused ion beam, the lift-off process technology used in the semiconductor process was used. 2.9 ㎛ of Pt was coated on the surface of the diamond tool. The sub-micron tool with a cutting edge of 492.19 nm was manufactured through focused ion beam machining technology. Toshiba ULG-100C(H3) equipment was used to process fine-pattern using the manufactured ultra-precision diamond tool. The ultra-precision machining experiment was conducted according to the machining direction, and fine burrs were generated in the pattern in the forward direction. However, no burr occurred during reverse machining. The width of the processed pattern was 480 nm and the price of the pitch was confirmed to be 1 ㎛ As a result of machining.
A Development of Data Interface Middleware for Building Smart Factory
정홍진(Hong Jin Jeong),송기형(Ki Hyeong Song),김보현(Bo Hyun Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2021 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.38 No.12
SMEs encounter many difficulties in integrating and operating various information systems introduced to build smart factories. The source of this difficulty comes from integrated management of data interface between information systems. This research proposes a data interface middleware that can operate and manage various data interfaces between information systems in an integrated manner. First, this study identifies the types of information systems and operational information needed to build smart factories and analyzes the ways of data interface and requirements suitable for the manufacturing environment of SMEs. Structure and detailed functions of the data interface middleware are designed based on the analysis results. The proposed data interface middleware consists of the function layer, engine layer, and DB layer. The function layer is a set of functions for operating the middleware, and the engine layer comprises core engines for executing the functions. The DB layer manages all information that gathers when the data interface is executed. We applied the proposed middleware to connect data between the existing ERP and newly introduced smart factory package software in SMEs. Application results show that the associated data types are consistent in the two systems, and accuracy of the data parsing process is reliable.
Tool Wear Monitoring System based on Real-Time Cutting Coefficient Identification
최영재(Young Jae Choi),송기형(Ki Hyeong Song),김재혁(Jae Hyeok Kim),강구선(and Gu Seon Kang) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2022 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.39 No.12
Among the monitoring technologies in the metal-cutting process, tool wear is the most critical monitoring factor in real machining sites. Extensive studies have been conducted to monitor equipment breakdown in real-time. For example, tool wear prediction studies using cutting force signals and deducting force coefficient values from the cutting process. However, due to many limitations, those wearable monitoring technologies have not been directly adopted in the field. This paper proposes a novel tool wear predictor using the cutting force coefficient with various cutting tools, and its validity evaluates through cutting tests. Tool wear prediction from the cutting force coefficient should conduct in real-time for adoption in real machining sites. Therefore, a real-time calculation algorithm of the cutting force coefficient and a tool wear estimation method proposes, and they compare with actual tool wear in cutting experiments for validation. Validation cutting tests are conducted with carbon steel and titanium, the most commonly used materials in real cutting sites. In future work, validation will be conducted with different materials and cutting tools, considering the application in real machining sites.
최영재(Young Jae Choi),송기형(Ki Hyeong Song),이석우(Seok Woo Lee),최헌종(Hon Zong Choi) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2014 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.31 No.3
Micro patterns are used to maximize the performance and efficiency of the product in many industries such as energy, display, printing, biology, etc. Nowadays, the fabrication technology for micro patterns has been developed in various ways such as photolithography, laser machining, electrical discharge machining and mechanical machining. Recently, mechanical machining the size of smaller than 1 micrometer could be tried, because the technology related to the machining was developed brilliantly. This paper shows the experiments using cutting processes in order to fabricate the micro pattern. Micro patterns of the size of several micrometers were machined by the diamond tools of two different shape, the deformation and generation of burr were investigated.
CNC 기계의 원격 에너지 모니터링을 위한 온라인 시스템 구조
남성호(Sung-Ho Nam),송기형(Ki-Hyeong Song),백재용(Jae-Yong Baek),이동윤(Dong-Yoon Lee),류광열(Kwang-Yeol Ryu) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2013 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.30 No.5
Enhancing energy efficiency of machine tools causes substantial impacts on the manufacturing industries, to cope with the competitive introduction of the total energy management strategies. Real-time energy monitoring is essential to identify energy consumption patterns of the machine tools and correlate them with the energy management strategy. Integrated analysis of machine tool’s operation status and the corresponding energy usage is most important to accurately evaluate the energy efficiency under the various machining process environments. This paper proposes a system architecture to realize the online energy monitoring system and the embedded energy monitoring approach interconnected with the CNC kernel. The shop-floor operation management system is presented to integrate the proposed online energy monitoring approach.
초음파 진동을 하는 다이아몬드 연삭공구의 알루미나 세라믹 연삭 가공에 관한 연구
최영재(Young-Jae Choi),송기형(Ki-Hyeong Song),박경희(Kyung-Hee Park),홍윤혁(Yun-Hyuck Hong),김경태(Kyeong-Tae Kim),이석우(Seok-Woo Lee),최헌종(Hon-Zong Choi) 한국기계가공학회 2012 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.11 No.1
In this study, ultrasonic vibration tool designed and made by using FEM analysis. And machining test was carried out in various machining conditions using ultrasonic vibration capable CNC machine. For work material, alumina ceramic (Al₂O₃) was used while for tool material diamond electroplated grinding wheel was used. To evaluate ultrasonic vibration effect, grinding test was performed with and without ultrasonic vibration in same machining condition. In ultrasonic mode, ultrasonic vibration of 20㎑ was generated by HSK 63 ultrasonic actuator. The two grinding speeds, 1.67㎧ and 3.35㎧, were applied. On the other hand, grinding forces were measured by KISTLER dynamometer.