의학교육에의 교육순환모델(Learning Cycle)의 적용과 쟁점

김보현,김상현,Kim, Bo-Hyun,Kim, Sang-Hyun 연세대학교 의과대학 2008 의학교육논단 Vol.10 No.2

Purpose: The 'learning cycle' proposed by Guilbert in 1981 has been accredited as an effective and useful model for curriculum design. Three components of learning cycle, learning objective, instructional method, and assessment are connected organically and form basic structure of curriculum. In this study, we intend to analyze how the learning cycle and its three components are applied to present medical curriculum and examine the points at issue of the learning cycle in medical education. Also, we try to identify the educational significance of the leaning cycle in medical education. Results: First, concerning the learning objective, it was identified that impractical and abstract expressions are major controversial points. Also, there is a need to make learning objectives covering entire medical curriculum. Second, because of various structural problems, it is hard to practice new and various instructional methods. Third, even though there is a growing need for medical curriculum to develop and utilize more various and detailed assessment and evaluation, it was revealed that only are standardized and traditional assessments mainly used. Conclusion: Synthetically, we have some suggestions as follows. First, it is necessary to specify and actualize the learning objectives. Also, instructional methods and assessments should be diversified. And finally, there is a need to build organic and delicate medical curriculum by applying the learning cycle to medical education more actively.

CO₂냉매용 제어밸브의 응답 특성

김보현,장지성,Kim, Bo Hyun,Jang, Ji Seong 유공압건설기계학회 2018 드라이브·컨트롤 Vol.15 No.4

Pilot operated control valve for $CO_2$ refrigerant is a valve that can perform various functions according to the user's intention by replacing pilot units, widely used for flow rate, pressure, and temperature control of refrigeration and air conditioning systems. In addition, $CO_2$ refrigerant, that requires high pressure and low critical temperature, can be installed and used in all positions of the refrigeration system, regardless of high or low pressure. In this paper, response characteristics are modeled and analyzed based on behavior of the main piston of the pilot-operated control valve. Although various factors influence operation of the main piston, this paper analyzes the effect of equilibrium pressure depending on valve installation position and application, and inlet and outlet orifice size of the load pressure feedback chamber to determine feedback characteristics of the main piston. As a result, it was possible to quantitatively analyze the effect of change in equilibrium and load pressure feedback chamber flow path size on the change in main piston dynamic and static characteristics.

신경 및 위장관 증세를 동반한 Erythropoietic Protoporphyria 환아 1예

김보현,박영년,정기섭,Kim, Bo Hyun,Park, Young Nyun,Chung, Ki Sup 대한소아소화기영양학회 2005 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.8 No.2

본 저자들은 심한 간 부전과 함께 복통, 구토, 의식 변화, 사지 마비, 배뇨 장애 및 호흡부전을 동반한 EPP 예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Erythropoietic protoporphyria is a genetic disorder due to a deficiency of ferrochelatase resulting in excessive accumulation and excretion of protoporphyrin. The predominant clinical feature is photosensitivity. Severe hepatic failure occurs in a small percentage of patients, and neurological symptoms are very rare. We report a case of erythropoietic protoporphyria associated with severe hepatic dysfunction and neurological symptoms. A 9-year-old girl presented with severe abdominal pain, nausea, weakness and pain of extremities, and urinary retention. Ultrasonogram and abdominal CT scanning revealed a diffuse infiltrated and enlarged liver. Liver biopsy showed deposition of dense dark brown pigment within the bile, hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. Plus, dense dark brown deposits gave a red birefringent under polarize light. Porphyrin studies demonstrated markedly elevated serum free erythrocyte protoporphyrin. This girl was diagnosed as erythropoietic protoporphyria with severe liver dysfunction and neurological symptoms.

반월상연골 파열에 대한 관절경적 inside to out 봉합술의 결과

김보현,황인성,윤태봉,변재용,Kim, Bo-Hyun,Hwang, In-Sung,Yun, Tae-Bong,Byun, Jae-Yong 대한관절경학회 2004 대한관절경학회지 Vol.8 No.1

목적: 반월상 연골 파열에 대한 비흡수성 봉합사를 이용한 관절경적 inside to out봉합술후 임상적 치유와 환자의 만족도를 결과에 영향을 주는 인자에 따라 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1999년 8월부터 2002년 6월까지 반월상 연골 파열에 대한 관절경적 Inside to out 봉합술을 비흡수성 봉합사를 이용하여 시행 후 12개월이상 추시가 가능하였던 95명 110례를 대상으로 하였다. 결과는 임상적 치유와 주관적 만족도로 평가 하였으며 이들 결과에 대한 나이, 수상 후 수술까지의 기간, 파열의 부위, 파열 길이, 파열의 종류, 관절 연골의 손상 정도, 동반된 전방 십자인대 수술이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 결과: 임상적 치유는 84례(76%)이었으며, 환자의 주관적 만족도는 98례(89%)이었다. 전방십자인대 파열을 동반한 경우에, 파열 길이가 2cm이하인 경우가 2cm이상인 경우보다. 관절 연골의 퇴행성 정도가 심하지 않은 경우가 심한 경우보다 임상적 치유율과 환자의 만족도가 유의하게 높았다. 내측 반월상 연골 파열의 경우에, 수상후 수술까지의 기간이 짧을수록, 파열의 종류가 종 파열인 경우 임상적 치유율이 높았다. 복잡 또는 퇴행성 파열의 경우 낮은 임상적 치유율에 비해 환자의 만족도는 높았다. 결론: 비흡수성 봉합사를 이용한 관절경적 반월상 연골 Inside to out 봉합술은 다양한 봉합이 가능하고 사용이 쉬운 술식이다. 반월상 연골의 봉합 여부 결정에 있어 환자의 연령은 절대적인 고려 대상이 아니며, 퇴행성 또는 복잡파열, 관절연골의 손상이 동반된 파열의 경우 환자선택과 수술에 신중을 기해야 할 것으로 사료 된다.증을 줄일수 있으며, PASTA 병변을 포함해서 후상방 파열과 동반되지 않은 견갑하건의 부분 파열은 매우 적합한 관절경하복원술의 적응증이 될 수 있다고 사료된다. Purpose: This study examined clinical cure and patients' satisfaction degrees by factors influencing surgical operation results, after arthroscopic inside to out repair as a nonabsorbable suture material, in case of meniscal rupture. Materials and Methods: Materials were 110 cases of 95 patients who could make paces for over 12 months from August 1999 to June 2002. Results were evaluated by clinical cure and subjective satisfaction degrees. This study, concerning those results, analyzed age, term from taking pictures to taking surgical operation, rupture section, rupture length, rupture types, lesion of articular-cartilage, and effects of anterior cruciate ligament operation accompanied. Results: 84 cases(76%) were clinically cured, 98 cases(89%) were subjectively satisfied. In case of accompanying anterior cruciate ligament rupture, and in case that rupture length was below 2 cm, rates of clinical cure and patients subjective satisfaction were significantly high. In case of complex or degenerative rupture, patients satisfaction rates were higher when comparing with clinical cure rates. Conclusion: Various sutures are possible as well as available in case of arthroscopic meniscal inside to out repair using nonabsorbable suture material. It can be concluded that patients age is not absolte consideration in determining the suture of meniscus. In cases of complex rupture, degenerative rupture, ruptures companied by joint-cartilage injuries, considerate consideratin need be paid to choose patients and operations.

플라즈마 산화방법을 이용한 질소가 첨가된 실리콘 산화막의 제조와 산화막 내의 질소가 박막트랜지스터의 특성에 미치는 영향

김보현,이승렬,안경민,강승모,양용호,안병태,Kim, Bo-Hyun,Lee, Seung-Ryul,Ahn, Kyung-Min,Kang, Seung-Mo,Yang, Yong-Ho,Ahn, Byung-Tae 한국재료학회 2009 한국재료학회지 Vol.19 No.1

Silicon dioxide as gate dielectrics was grown at $400^{\circ}C$ on a polycrystalline Si substrate by inductively coupled plasma oxidation using a mixture of $O_2$ and $N_2O$ to improve the performance of polycrystalline Si thin film transistors. In conventional high-temperature $N_2O$ annealing, nitrogen can be supplied to the $Si/SiO_2$ interface because a NO molecule can diffuse through the oxide. However, it was found that nitrogen cannot be supplied to the Si/$SiO_2$ interface by plasma oxidation as the $N_2O$ molecule is broken in the plasma and because a dense Si-N bond is formed at the $SiO_2$ surface, preventing further diffusion of nitrogen into the oxide. Nitrogen was added to the $Si/SiO_2$ interface by the plasma oxidation of mixtures of $O_2/N_2O$ gas, leading to an enhancement of the field effect mobility of polycrystalline Si TFTs due to the reduction in the number of trap densities at the interface and at the Si grain boundaries due to nitrogen passivation.

간암 진료가이드라인의 현재와 전망

김보현,박중원,Bo Hyun Kim,Joong-Won Park 대한소화기암연구학회 2016 Journal of digestive cancer reports Vol.4 No.1

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rather unique. Most of HCC patients have underlying chronic liver diseases with or without cirrhosis and the prognosis of HCC depends on the liver function, as well as the tumor extent. Non-invasive diagnosis of HCC can be made with certain risk factors and specific imaging findings (e.g. hypervascularity). Patients with HCC can receive surgical resection, radiotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy as other solid malignancies. HCC has more treatment options such as liver transplantation, transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA). A variety of practice guidelines for HCC has been published by many academic societies. Different healthcare systems and availability of resources also affect the practice guidelines; therefore, practice guidelines have similarities and dissimilarities. Herein, we review the current status of practice guidelines for HCC and future perspectives for the improvement of guidelines are also discussed.

버스 BIT 사례조사 및 이용상의 문제점 조사

김보현(Bo hyun Kim),김가영(Ga Young Kim),김가현(Ga Hyun Kim),이영훈(Young Hoon Lee),김현정(Hyeon jeong Kim) 한국디자인학회 2022 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2022 No.5

디지털만화의 감성자극요인에 대한 유형 연구

김보현(Bo Hyun Kim),홍난지(Nan Ji Hong) 한국디지털콘텐츠학회 2014 한국디지털콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.15 No.2

<용비어천가>의 서사 구성에 관한 해석의미론적 연구

김보현 ( Bo Hyun Kim ) 한국기호학회 2014 기호학연구 Vol.38 No.-

<용비어천가>는 조선을 건국한 건국 영웅에 관한 시가 텍스트이다. <용비어천가>의 시적 구성과 서사적 특성은 <용비어천가>를 해석의미론에서 논하는 네가지 의미부의 작용을 모두 활성화하도록 만든다. 특히 <용비어천가>의 시적 빈칸을 서사적으로 활용하도록 만드는 변증부의 의미 작용을 살펴봄으로써, <용비어천가>의 특별한 서사성을 확인할 수 있다. 텍스트 표면에서 서사를 구성하는 주요 의미 요소는 행위소와 행위이다. 그런데 <용비어천가>의 행위소는 생략되거나 보통명사로 나타난다. 또한 행위는 서사적인 인과성 없이 나열되면서, /이동/-/정착/, 친화적·대결적 관계를 반복적으로 형성한다. 이처럼 생략되거나 보통명사로 명명되는 행위소들과 유사한 행위의 반복은 행위소들을 행위자로 특징짓지 못하고, 기능적이고 전형적인 인물형의 기능적이고 전형적인 행정, 즉 연기자의 행정으로 변형시킨다. 뿐만 아니라, 생략되거나 집합적인 성격을 지닌 행위소들과 공통적이고 반복적인 행위들은 서로를 특정화하지 못함으로써, 해석적 과정에서 선택 혹은 배제될 수 있는 가능성을 가진다. 따라서 <용비어천가>는 행위 주체 6인과 그 행위를 개별적으로 선택함으로써, 특정 행위자에 해당하는 개별 서사로 해석되거나, 그러한 개별성을 무표화하여, 전형적인 연기자가 수행하는 통합적인 행위로 인식함으로써 구조적이고 추상적인 서사로 해석될 수 있는 가능성을 가진다. Yongbieocheonga is a poetry about heroes who found the Joseon Dynasty. The poetic construction and narrative characteristics of Yongbieocheonga activate four significative categories in Interpretative Sementics. As especially the poetic blanks of Yongbieocheonga are used to operate narrative elements in Dialecects, the specific nature of narrative can be ascertained. In Surface of text, the actants and actions are important elements to consturct narratives. But in Yongbieocheonga, most actantes are omitted or represented as common nouns. And the actions repeatedly form /move/-/stay/, irenic or polemic relation, enumerated without narrative causality. Thus, the actants can not be characterized to a actor, but transformed into the functional and typical act-process of functional and typical character, because the actants are omitted or named as common nouns and the similar actions are repeated. In addition, these give the included or excluded options to each other through interpretative processes, as the omitted or collective actants, and the common repetitive actions are enable to identify each other. Therefore, Yongbieocheonga can be interpreted in individual narrative, one selects one of six actors and perceives it in individual act-processes. Or it can be interpreted in structural and abstract narrative, the other removes these separative characteristics in the act-processes, the actants and actions perceived to integrative actions of typical agonist.

팔라듐-그래핀 나노촉매의 합성과 구조분석 및 응용 연구

김보현 ( Bo Hyun Kim ),박준범 ( Joon B Park ) 전북대학교 과학교육연구소 2013 과학과 과학교육 논문지 Vol.38 No.2

팔리디움(pd) 나노입자가 그래핀(graphene, G)지지체에 담지된pd-그래핀 (pd/G) 복합체를 탄소-탄소결합반응에 활용하기 위한 촉매로 활용하기 위해 개발하였다. 세부적으로 흑연(graphite) 가루를 박리한 뒤 산화시켜 그래핀 산화물(graphene oxide, GO)로 변형하고, pd 전구체를 담지 시켜 pd2+/GO 합성하였다. 이 후, pd2+/GO를 수소 기체와 산소 기체 분위기에서 열을 가해 소성시키어 pd/G촉매를 합성하였다. 그리고 TEM, EDX, XRD를 이용하여 pd/G와 pd/GO 촉매 합성 과정의 중간체와 최종 생성물의 구조를 분석하였다. 탄소 결합 반응에서 pd/G촉매는 재사용할수록 pd 나노 입자가 소결되어 효율이 감소되는 반면, pd/GO촉매는 재사용해도 pd 나노 입자가 소결되지 않고 6차반 웅까지 효율이 유지되는 것을 관측할 수 있었다. 이는 pd의 산화상태보다 입자크기가 유기반응에서 결정적이 요인이고, 지지체인 GO가 촉매 효율에 중요한 요인중 하나라는 사실을 반영하는 결과이다. Graphene has been modified with palladium nanoparticles (NPs) to develop high performance catalysts for C-C coupling reactions. Especially, graphite oxide (GO) sheets were exfoliated and oxidized from graphite powder and impregnated with metal precursors to prepare pd2+/GO, pd2+/GO were heated to be reduced in H2 environment and oxidized in O2 environment to obtain Pd NPs on graphene (Pd/G) and PdO NPs on graphene oxide (pdO/GO), respectively. Pd-graphene nanocomposites were investigated using TEM, EDX, and XRD. In C-C coupling reaction, the Pd NPs of Pd/G were pretty much aggregated and the catalytic activities continue to decrease in recycling whereas PdO NPs of PdO/GO were not aggregated and the catalytic activities were retained up to sixth recycling. We found that the particle sizes are a more critical factor than Pd oxidation state in organic reaction and the GO is one of the very important factors in catalytic applications.