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        한국 서사민요와 영미 발라드에 나타난 남매 갈등과 치유 : <쌍가락지 노래>와 < The Cruel Brother(잔인한 오빠) >를 중심으로

        서영숙 ( Suh Young-sook ) 한국문학치료학회 2014 문학치료연구 Vol.31 No.-

        이 글에서는 한국 서사민요와 영미 발라드에 나타난 남매 갈등의 양상과 치유 방식을 <쌍가락지 노래>와 < The Cruel Brother(잔인한 오빠) >를 중심으로 고찰하였다. 두 유형의 노래는 여동생의 사랑과 혼인을 둘러싸고 오빠의 간섭이 이루어지며, 이로 인해 여동생이 죽는다는 공통점을 지니고 있다. 그러나 <쌍가락지 노래>에서는 오빠가 부정을 의심하자 여동생이 결백을 주장하며 자살을 결심하거나 감행하고, < The Cruel Brother(잔인한 오빠) >에서는 오빠가 자신의 승낙을 받지 않고 혼인하는 동생을 죽인다는 점에서 차이가 있다. 또한 두 유형 모두 여동생이 죽으면서 유언을 남기는데 <쌍가락지 노래> 속 유언이 주로 자신의 결백을 주장하고 공감과 배려를 간접적으로 호소하고 있다면, < The Cruel Brother(잔인한 오빠) > 속 유언은 가족들에게 남기는 물건을 통해 가족들의 공감을 얻어내고 오빠에 대한 복수를 직접적으로 요구한다. <쌍가락지 노래>와 < The Cruel Brother(잔인한 오빠) > 모두 여성의 자유로운 사랑과 혼인이 금지되었던 사회적 현실 속에서 창작, 전승되었다. 두 유형에서 모두 오빠는 여성을 억압하는 사회적 대변자의 역할을 한다. 여성들은 자신들의 사랑과 혼인에 대한 억압된 욕망을 오빠의 간섭과 그로 인한 죽음으로 나타낸다. <쌍가락지 노래>에서 여동생이 자살하는 것은 사회적 이념을 내면화함으로써 나타난 것이라면, < The Cruel Brother(잔인한 오빠) >에서 오빠가 여동생을 죽이는 것은 좌절된 욕망의 원인을 오빠에게 투사하고 외면화함으로써 나타난 것이다. 그러나 이들 노래의 여성 향유층은 유언을 통해 현실에서 표현할 수 없었던 자유의지를 표출함으로써 가슴속 응어리를 풀어낼 수 있었다. 여성들은 노래를 통해 자신들 내면의 목소리를 풀어놓음으로써 현실에서의 고통을 치유한다. 그네들이 현실적 억압 속에서 슬프면서도 웃을 수 있었던 것은, 바로 이들 노래를 부를 수 있었기 때문일 것이다. This paper investigated the brother-and-sister conflict and healing methods in the Korean Folk Narrative Songs and the Anglo-American Ballads focusing on the Ssang-Garagji Song(Twin Rings) and The Cruel Brother. I found that these two types have similarities and differences. The Results are as follows; There are similarities in the Ssang-Garagji Song(Twin Rings) and The Cruel Brother. At first, brother interferes on his sister`s love and marriage. As the result of that, his sister is dead. However, the sister suicides in the Ssang-Garagji Song(Twin Rings), the sister in The Cruel Brother are murdered by her brother. I think the sister of death in the Ssang-Garagji Song(Twin Rings) is the result of internalization of social ideology, in the other side, the death of sister in The Cruel Brother is the result of projection of the oppressed desire into brother. It`s a common point that sisters of two types give testaments when they are dying. But they are different, the testament of the Ssang-Garagji Song(Twin Rings) that plead her innocence is indirect, the testament of The Cruel Brother that ask her revenge is direct. Women who sing these songs could heal their conflict in the social suppression. These results show that women in the lower class have been oppressed by the social super ego. However, these songs are closed with the internal voice of women that express the realization of the ideal ego. Therefore women in the lower class could overcome the oppression and heal the suffering through singing these songs.

      • KCI등재

        현전 민요에 나타난 고려 속요의 전통

        서영숙(Suh Young sook) 어문연구학회 2017 어문연구 Vol.92 No.-

        이 글에서는 현전하는 민요 속에 나타나는 고려 속요의 전통을 찾아보기 위하여, 고려 속요와유사한표현방식이나배경서사를 지니고 있는민요를찾아비교 고찰하였다. 특히 고려속요<사모곡>, <청지주>는현전민요중<계모노래>, <거미노래>와유사한표현방식으로 이루어져 있으며, 고려 속요 <예성강>, <월정화>는 현전 민요 중 <내기장기 노래>, <진주낭군가>와 유사한 배경서사를 지니고 있는 것으로 판단하여, 고찰의 대상으로 삼았다. <사모곡>과 <계모 노래>는 사물관계에서 인물관계를 유추하여 아버지와 어머니의 사랑 또는 계모와 친모에 대한 자신의 감정을 나타내며, <청지주>와 <거미 노래>는 거미와 나비에게 감정을 이입하여 나비(임)에 대한 부정적 감정을 드러내는, 유사한 표현방식을 사용하고있음을살폈다. 한편 <예성강>과<내기장기노래>는아내를걸고 내기한 남편이 아내를 상인에게 뺏기는 이야기를, <월정화>와 <진주낭군가>는 진주 기생에 빠진 남편으로 인해 자살한 아내의 이야기를, 각기 공통적으로 다루고 있어 배경서사의 연관성을 추정해 볼 수있었다. 이 글은 고려 속요 중 <사모곡>, <청지주>, <예성강>, <월정화>가 당대의 민요와 밀접한 관련성을 지니며 수용, 변개되거나 재창작되는 양상을 현전 민요를 통해 구체적으로 확인하는 작업을 시도했다는 점에서 의의가 있으나, 앞으로 고려 속요와 현전 민요와의 관계에 대한 보다 정밀한 연구가 과제로 남아 있다. In this paper, I investigated present traditional folk songs that have expression methods and background narrative similar to Goryeo Folk Song. I explored how Goryeo folk songs had accepted folk traditions comparing with present traditional folk songs focused on Samogok(Song of Daughter missing her mother) and Stepmother Song, Cheongjiju(Asking a Spider) and Spider/Burtterfly Song, Yeseonggang(Yeseong River) andNaegijanggi Nirae(Betting Chess Game Song), Weoljeongwha(Jinju Gisaeng) and Jinjunanggunga(Song of Jinju Husband). First, I examined the similar expression in Goryeo and present folk songs; Samogok(Song of Daughter missing her mother) and Stepmother Song expresses feeling about mother and father inferring from a sickle and a hoe, that is inferring human relationships from material relationships. Cheongjiju(Asking a Spider) and Spider/Butterfly Song reveals negative feelings for cheating husband emphasizing to butterfly, that is emphasizing human feeling to nature. Second, I could find similar background narrative between Goryeo and present folk songs; Yeseonggang(Yeseong River) and Naegijanggi Norae(Betting Chess Game Song) share a husband s story who lost his wife through betting chess game. Weoljeongwha(Jinju Gisaeng) and Jinjunanggunga(Song of Jinju Husband) have a common narrative that a wife kills herself because of her husband falled in Jinju Gisaeng. This paper is worthy of value in exploring the tradition of Goryeo folk songs transmitted in present traditional folk songs. However, the relationship between Goryeo folk songs and present traditional folk songs should be studied as a task for future research in succession.

      • KCI등재

        유치원의 전통문화교육 실태와 활성화 방안 연구

        서영숙(Suh Young-Sook),고민경(Koh Min-Kyung) 한국유아교육·보육복지학회 2004 유아교육·보육복지연구 Vol.8 No.2

          This study was conducted to examine the general status of recognition and knowledge on traditional cultural education of kindergarten teachers who excercise traditional cultural education through educational activities in kindergarten and to examine how traditional cultural education is being conducted. And, this study was conducted to examine and promote desirable traditional cultural education by examining the problems of traditional cultural education in kindergarten and by doing so, this study is aimed at presenting basic data for children traditional cultural education and its application.<BR>  For the purpose, this study was conducted on 200 teachers in public independent kindergartens, public annex kindergartens and private kindergartens in the city of Seoul using questionnaires and frequency, percentage, x2 examination, one-way ANOVA analysis and correlation analysis were conducted as data analyses according to research problems.<BR>  The summary of results from this study is as follows.<BR>  First, though kindergarten teachers answered that they recognize the necessity of traditional cultural education and have much interest in that, but their knowledge on traditional cultural education was not sufficient. The knowledge level of kindergarten teachers on traditional cultural education was proportioned to their career, and they showed the highest knowledge level in traditional play education but the lowest in traditional dances.<BR>  Second, most teachers in kindergartens were conducting traditional cultural education and there were meaningful difference according to career, academic attainments, institution types and children’s age. Teachers of 3 ~ 6 year career showed higher result than teachers of less than 3 year career, teachers who finished graduate school showed higher than teachers who finished junior college, teachers in public independent kindergartens showed higher than teachers in private kindergartens and teachers who are in charge of 5 year old children showed higher result than teachers who are in charge of 3 year old children. When it comes to the frequency of traditional cultural education, it was shown that traditional life culture, traditional art culture and traditional play culture were conducted once or twice a semester each, and they were mostly conducted at the time of the development of life-related themes and specific themes. The satisfaction level of teachers on the execution of traditional cultural education was not so high.<BR>  Third, when the relation between teachers’ recognition and the realities on traditional cultural education is examined, kindergarten teachers answered that traditional cultural education is necessary on the necessity of traditional cultural education but the majority answered that they rarely execute traditional cultural education on its frequency.<BR>  Also, static correlation was found between the necessity, interest level and knowledge level of kindergarten teachers on traditional cultural education and the execution frequency of traditional cultural education.<BR>  Fourth, this study showed that the development of traditional cultural education programs according to the development stages of children and the opportunity strengthening of training and education for teachers on traditional cultural education are required as a promotion plan of traditional cultural education.<BR>  This study is significant in that it analyzed overall and general status of traditional cultural education in kindergartens by dividing it into 3 sub-categories such as traditional life culture, traditional art culture and traditional play culture in children education, and this study is also significant in that it presented data required for unified development plan of traditional cultural education in kindergartens.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        보육시설장의 교육요구에 기초한 현직교육 내용 연구

        서영숙(Suh Young-Sook),김영명(Kim Young-Myung) 한국열린유아교육학회 2007 열린유아교육연구 Vol.12 No.3

        본 연구에서는 보육시설장 15명을 대상으로 반구조적 면담을 수행하여 시설장의 교육 요구에 기초한 현직교육의 내용을 제안하였다. 반구조적 면담과 이에 대한 분석을 통하여 시설장의 교육 요구를 시설장이 보육시설을 운영하면서 경험하는 다양한 상황과 맥락 속에서 파악하고자 하였으며, 이를 기초로 시설장의 직무 수행을 효과적으로 지원할 수 있는 현직교육의 내용을 제안하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시설장이 직무수행 과정에서 인식하고 있는 현직교육에 대한 요구와 이에 기초한 시설장 현직교육의 내용을 운영관리 과정과 운영관리 영역으로 나누어 제시하였다. 둘째, 운영관리 과정은 계획과 의사결정, 조정, 평가의 세부 영역으로 나누어 현직교육의 내용을 제안하였다. 셋째, 운영관리 영역은 종사자 관리, 보육과정 관리, 부모 및 지역사회와의 협력, 재정 및 사무 관리로 나누어 현직교육의 내용을 제안하였다. 넷째, 운영관리의 과정과 운영관리의 영역에 대한 현직교육을 통해 시설장의 보육전문성과 경영ㆍ관리 능력, 리더십을 강화시킬 수 있도록 교육 내용을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study was to propose content for in-service education, based on the educational demands of child-care center directors by looking into the difficulties child-care center directors face and their educational demands. For this study, a semi-structured interview was conducted of 15 child-care center directors with more than 6 years of experience. Based on the interview, proposals of in-service education content which can effectively support the work of child-care center directors were made. The main outcome of this study is as follows. First, proposals of in-service education content were made in the management process and the management function, by systematically combining the management process and the management function of the work of child-care center directors. Second, proposals of in-service education content were made by categorizing the management process into a planning, decision-making, coordinating and evaluating. Third, proposals of in-service education content on the management function were made in the categories of employee management child-care curriculum management, cooperation between a child-care center, parents and the local community, and finance and office work management. Therefore, this research aims to propose and discuss content of in-service education that can strengthen the child-care expertise, business management capacity, and leadership of child-care center directors by providing them with education on the management process and management function.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        글로벌 환율조작의 전이효과와 외국계 은행의 배당에 관한 연구

        서영숙 ( Young Sook Suh ) 한국질서경제학회 2015 질서경제저널 Vol.18 No.3

        본고는 미국을 포함하여 전 세계 외환시장에서 시장참여자들이 기준 환율로 활용하는 런던 WM/R 오후 4시 종가환율(Fixing)을 사용해 글로벌 환율조작의 영향이 우리나라에도 전이되었는지 여부를 실증분석하였다. 분석에는 외국계 은행이 보유하는 통화관련 난외파생항목 및 이익준비금 등을 원 달러 환율과 상호 연계하여 검증을 시도하였다. 분석결과 원화는 통계적으로 유의하게 종가 조작된 USD/EUR의 영향을 받아 가치가 상승한다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 런던 종가조작의 영향이 우리 외환시장에도 전이되었음을 의미한다. 이렇게 전이효과가 확인된 원 달러 환율은 통계적으로 유의하게 외국계 은행이 보유하는 난외파생항목의 규모를 증가시킨다. 레버리지 효과가 있는 파생상품들로 구성된 난외파생항목은 역시 통계적으로 유의하게 양의 영향을 주어 이익준비금을 증가시키는 효과가 있음을 입증하였다. 이익준비금은 재무상태표의 자본항목에 보고되는 계정과목이다. 이익준비금의 증가가 난외파생거래의 증가에 기인한다는 사실은 외국계 은행의 배당금이 난외파생거래에서 창출된 수익금에서 유래되었을 가능성을 시사한다. 이익준비금은 상법 제458조과 은행법 제40조가 정하는 법정준비금이다. 외국계 은행의 이익준비금이 원화의 가치상승에 기인하여 규모가 증가되는 파생거래의 영향으로 늘어난다면, 외국계 은행의 배당은 외환시장에서 교차환율로 거래되는 원 달러 환율의 하락과 무관하지 않으며, 따라서 런던종가조작은 원화의 가치를 높이는 요인으로 작용하여 배당으로 연결되었음을 나타내는 결과이다. The purpose of this paper is to examine the spillover effect of global big banks’ FX fixing manipulation to the Korean currency by using the London 4pm fix. Various foreign banks’ B/A accounts were analyzed with actual variables such as off-balance positions and earned surplus reserves by taking into account USD/EUR FX rates (London) as well as KRW/USD FX rates (Seoul) from the Reuters system. The result demonstrated the Korean currency appreciated as a result of USD/EUR manipulation at the 1% significance level. Such result explains that the WM/R Fix manipulation influencies the Korean foreign-exchange market. The decrease in KRW/USD rates, the evidence of the spillover effect, increased off-balance positions of foreign banks which are statistically significant. In turn, the off-balance accounts consisting of FX derivatives with leverage effects raised the earned surplus reserves at the 1% significance level. The earned surplus reserve is an item reported on the capital side of the B/S. Based on the fact that an increase in off-balance FX derivatives raises the level of earned surplus reserves, it can be inferred that dividends of foreign banks may have been generated from the off-balance transaction profits. The earned surplus reserve is a statutory reserve regulated by the Korean Commercial Law (Article 458) and the Banking Law (Article 40). If foreign banks’ earned surplus reserves rise due to an in crease in derivatives transactions upon the appreciation of the Korean currency, it is clear that foreign banks’ dividends are not irrelevant to a drop in the KRW/USD rate being traded as a cross currency in the foreign-exchange market. Therefore, the London 4pm fix acts as a factor in increasing the value of Korean Won which leads to creation foreign banks’ dividends. In terms of global currency manipulation, the supervisory authorities in the US and UK disclosed a series of reports regarding FX dealers’ closing price manipulation in global giant banks. These reports revealed closing prices in the economic context: Closing prices are indicators to make value assessments on currency derivatives inclusive of future, forwards, swaps, and options. Currencies are usually traded in OTC markets. In the global foreign exchange markets where transactions take place 24 hours, not only the country in which the currency was maneuvered but also countries that adopt the manpulated currency as the benchmark rate are likely to be affected by such manipulation. According to Yoo and Choi (2009), interconnection between financial markets is increasing in the wake of several financial crisis and the spillover effect of fluctuation in overseas markets to the local financial market will continue to last longer and change the way of affecting the local market. The USD/EUR exchange rate in the London markets is reflected into the KRW/USD rate as it acts a medium for dealers when connecting the financial markets. The implies that the global currency manipulation is not just simply affecting the country where the currency has been manipulated but also a number of currencies based on the US dollar around the world.

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