포스트사회주의적 변화에서의 민간(民間)의 역동성과 선행성(先行性)

김재석 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2019 통일과 평화 Vol.11 No.2

This paper investigates the leading role of minjian in postsocialist transformations of China and North Korea and illuminates the historical and sociocultural conditions that have contributed to its initial formation and survival under the socialist government. By understanding key characteristics of minjian, we can understand the dynamic relationship between state apparatuses and minjian. According to the general explanation, China’s postsocialist changes began in the mid-1980s with the central party-state’s leadership symbolized by Deng Xiaoping. Similarly, North Korea’s postsocialist transformation is also believed to advance under the supreme leader Kim Jong-un’s leadership. I critically evaluate the effectiveness of the analytical framework that focuses on the central government’s political decision and leadership in explaining postsocialist transformations. Specifically, this study analyzes grassroots changes in minjian such as unofficial domestic and overseas trades and ordinary people’s growing participation in various non-socialist activities, which appeared before the official initiation of postsocialist policies. Following this research’s model of “minjian prior to the government,” not the party-state but minjian first formed non-socialist practices. Only after the practices had generated certain positive outcomes, the party-state recognized the minjian practices and started the official version of postsocialist reform. 본 논문은 중국과 북한의 포스트사회주의적 변화에서 민간이 담당하는 선행(先行)적 역할과 이 역할이 형성되고 지속되어 온 역사적·사회문화적 배경을 조명하고, 민간과 국가기구 사이의 역동적 관계를 이해하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 중국 정부와 당은 역사적으로 형성된 백성(民)과 관리(官)의 이분법적 구분을 답습하여, 민간을 사회주의 체제 외부(体制外)에 있는 모든 것과 연관시켰다. 연구자는 민간개념을 시민 혹은 시민사회에 대한서구 정치이론의 규범적 전제들로부터 상대적으로 자유로운 개념으로 간주한다. 기존의이론적 전제들로부터 자유로운 민간개념은 포스트사회주의적인 변화에서 개인 혹은 집단들이 행하는 실제 역할과 이들이 국가기구와 맺는 관계를 구체적으로 분석하는 데 유용하다. 일반적으로 중국의 포스트사회주의적 변화는 1980년대 중반 덩샤오핑으로 대표되는중앙정부의 지도력에 의해 추동되었다고 이해되며, 북한의 변화 역시 최고지도자인 김정은이 이끄는 강력한 중앙권력에 의해 지도되고 있는 것으로 나타난다. 중앙권력의 정치적 결단에 중점을 두어 포스트사회주의적 변화를 설명하는 접근법의 유효성을 비판적으로 검토하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 중국과 북한에서 공식적인 포스트사회주의적 변화가 나타나기 이전 시기에 민간의 영역에서 이와 유사한 변화의 움직임이 나타났는지를 분석한다. 연구자가 가정한 ‘선(先) 민간, 후(後) 정부’ 모형에 따르면, 중국과 북한의 변화는정부가 아닌 민간이 비공식 차원에서 비(非)사회주의적 관행을 만들어 내고, 이것이 일정한 성과를 거두자 정부가 해당 관행을 추인하는 방식으로 나타난 것으로 이해할 수 있다.

스포츠의 본질을 통한 미적 체험 연구

서경희(Kyung Hee Suh),구본숙(Bon Suk Koo) 한국체육철학회 2001 움직임의철학 : 한국체육철학회지 Vol.9 No.2

The aim of this study is to understand the essentials of sports and to clarify the aesthetical experience through the real character of sports and sports experiencing structure, in the viewpoint of spectators. Accordingly, the study reached the following conclusion. Firstly, as a part of aesthetical experience through sportive nature, sports are very naturally sportive, therefore, suitable for aesthetical experiences and the unreality, that sportiveness exist outside of daily life, becomes a genuine tie between sportiveness and aesthetics and the unreality of sports allows aesthetical experience of sports. Secondly, aesthetical experience through skills appears differently in all the games that rely on performance skills and the organizational level of athletes and in sports, the perfection of skills, unity of actions and intentions, dexterity and the image of accomplishment provides aesthetical experience for spectators. Thirdly, aesthetical experience through competitiveness, an essential condition in aesthetical experience through games, encourages and maintains dynamic tension, therefore it is appreciated aesthetically, Not only that, with the capabilities of the two opponents that are competing, aesthetical reaction is the highest when the abilities of the two opponents are equal. The situation of sports belongs to an aesthetical scene where aesthetical experiences occur. In these aesthetical scene, to arrange and study the various aesthetical categories which can be found in a special nature of sports, has a lot of significance not only in determining the location of the aesthetic domain of sports but also in experiencing the aesthetical characteristics of sports.

‘Whatever’의 표현적 기능

서경희(Kyung-Hee Suh) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2008 영미연구 Vol.18 No.-

This study aims to present a corpus-based investigation of whatever, focusing on its expressive functions in spoken English. An examination of tokens from the Michigan Corpus and US TV Talk reveals thatwhatever as a non-modifier marks the speaker's epistemic and affective stance. As a stance marker, whatever is used when the speaker expresses his/her lack of commitment to precise definition of meaning or to any particular option/set of options. As such, whatever is used as a conversation filler, filling in a necessary interactional space when the speaker encounters trouble in producing the next item due. Whatever also marks a lack of certainty by the speaker. The speaker also uses whatever to avoid explicitly labelling what s/he has in mind, presumably because this may be impolite or inappropriate to the situation. In these cases, whatever appears as a tag attached to the referent(s), i.e., as a set-marking tag carrying a textual function. Stand-alonewhatever, which is more common in everyday conversation, carries an interactional/interpersonal function; whatever as part of a responsive turn usually suggests the speaker’s reluctance to engage or argue, expressing the speaker’s impatience or scepticism; it often serves to suspend argumentation when resolution or agreement seems unlikely, carrying the negative tone by the speaker. Whatever, in such a context, allows the interaction to move on and move into less turbulent waters, which often in turn leads to a topic shift.

인도네시아인과 한국인사이의 칭찬반응에 대한 대조연구

서경희 ( Kyung Hee Suh ) 한국외국어대학교 동남아연구소 2010 東南亞硏究 Vol.19 No.2

한국인 EFL 학습자의 구술 담화에 나타난 담화표지 so의 편재성

서경희(Kyung-Hee Suh) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2009 영미연구 Vol.20 No.-

This paper attempts to account for the seemingly overuse of so in Korean EFL learners' spoken English from a discourse-pragmatic perspective. The data used includes group discussions among the college students. The functions of the discourse marker so are divided into those working at the textual level and those working at the interactional level. The total of 34 tokens were identified and their functions were categorized into the following:(i)expressing result/consequence, (ii) summarizing/rewording/elaborating (iii)marking discourse boundary or signalling the initiation/shift/closing of the topic and (iv)prefacing speech acts such as request or question or announcing who has the turn. The first three functions work at the textual domain, signalling relationship between clauses while the last function works at the interactional/interpersonal domain, marking the speaker's attitude and emotions. It is noted that the textual and interpersonal domains are not mutually exclusive. As such, so as a resumptive marker also functions as topic-switcher, boundary marker, action-prompter and turn-transitional marker. The ubiquitousness of so seems to be accounted for in terms of the learners' strategy; the token so possibly serves as a self-presentational strategy. The nonnative speaker presents an image to the recipient as one who claims that his utterances are coherently connected to each other. Since the nonnative speaker with limited command of English may feel the greater pressure to appear coherent and to successfully manage the interactional floor, the token so may provide one sort of means by which to do so.

만성 폐색성 폐질환자의 호흡성 장애와 삶의 만족간의 관계 연구

서경희 ( Suh Kyung Hee ) 국군의무사령부 1990 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.21 No.1

미디어 담화의 비판적 담화분석: 동남아 이주민 기사를 중심으로

서경희(Suh, Kyung-Hee),김규현(Kim, Kyu-hyun) 담화·인지언어학회 2019 담화와 인지 Vol.26 No.3

The ways in which Southeast Asian immigrants in Korea are represented in Korean media suggest an array of trait-ascribing categorization practices whose import is shaped by specific ideologies. From the perspectives of critical discourse analysis (CDA) and membership categorization analysis (MCA), the distinctively constructed descriptions of Southeast Asian immigrants observed in Korean newspapers (2009-2017) are analyzed in terms of how the ‘us/them’ distinction is discursively invoked in the ‘ideological square’ through the use of the twin strategies of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. A subtle form of ‘neo-orientalism’ is noted to underlie these practices, which are explicated in terms of a range of practices of invoking culturally-loaded specific categories. The findings indicate that ethnic Koreans are consistently represented in the media as the ‘(paternalistic) benefactor’ vis-à-vis the immigrants, who are positioned as the ‘(potentially undeserving) beneficiary’. These features point to some of the ways in which emerging multiculturalism in Korean society is being incipiently (and fragmentarily) addressed in Korean media discourse, reflexively manifesting its character as an ‘intra-national’ discourse in which the ‘other’s’ voice is solicited, heard and addressed on ‘our’ own terms, whether xenosceptically or altruistically formulated.

한국어 지시사 "그"의 상호작용적 의미연구

서경희 ( Kyung Hee Suh ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2002 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.29

본 연구에서는 한국어 지시사 ``그``의 기본의미로 ``공간 지시``를 가정하는 것은 설득력이 없음을 밝히고 ``그``의 용법을 다른 지시사와 대비하는 기존의 시각에서 벗어나 담화/대화상에서의 ``그``의 상호작용적 의미를 밝히고 그러한 의미가 어떻게 ``그``가 쓰이는 다양한 맥락을 설명할 수 있는지를 논하였다. 즉 공간 지시사(spatial deixis)로서의 ``그`` 뿐만 아니라 조응사(anaphora)로서의 ``그``, 화자가 적절한 단어를 찾을 때나 말의 공백을 메울 때 쓰는 말이음어(filler)로서의 ``그``, 강화사(intensifier)로서의 ``그``, 그리고 ``집합표지어(set-marking tag)``의 일부로 나타나는 ``그``의 기능을 모두 ``현 담화의 실현 순간에 다양한 화ㆍ청자의 관점을 조정하여 화자와 청자 사이의 상호적 참여(interpersonal involvement)를 요구``하는데 쓰이는 담화의 상호작용적 기능(interactional function) 속에서 파악하고, 이러한 여러 가지 기능이 서로 유기적으로 연관되어 있음을 일상대화 자료들의 분석을 통하여 검증하였다. 다양한 맥락에서 화자는 ``그``의 사용을 통해 청자와 공유하고 있는 전제적 지식이나 견해에 대하여 상호간의 주의를 환기하고 집중시킴으로써 화ㆍ청자 사이에 성공적 의사소통을 위한 조정(co-ordination)작업을 수행하고 청자의 적극적인 참여를 기대하게 되며, 그것을 통해 궁극적으로는 화자와 청자 사이의 공통관심을 모아가는 담화전략적 기능을 수행하게 되는 것이다.

미국영어 코퍼스자료에 근거한 ¨think of¨와 ¨think about¨의 분석

서경희(Kyung-Hee Suh) 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2007 영미연구 Vol.17 No.-

The two verb phrases, think of and think about, have been generally regarded as interchangeable, and no serious attempt has been made to discover potential differences between these two verb phrases in terms of meaning and function in discourse context. The present study aims to present a corpus-based examination of think of and think about, focusing on the differences in their use and distribution in spoken and written American English. An analysis of tokens from the Michigan Corpus and the Brown Corpus leads to the observation that think of and think about show different skewings in collocations and co-occurring patterns, which in turn contributes to defining their meaning and function in discourse. A close examination of data reveals the following. First, think of is four times more frequent than think about in written discourse while think about is more frequent thanthink of in spoken discourse. Second,think of favors an indefinite reference as its object while think about favors a definite reference. Third, think about is used to mark a prolonged action, hence durative, whereas the action denoted by the expression 'think of' takes place instantly, hence punctual. Based on these observations, I propose that think of denotes an instant/spontaneous action such as the display of a fleeting thought whereas think about denotes a planned and prolonged action, which requires a more active thinking process than in the case of think of. As such, think of can be paraphrased as "imagine, remember, or bring to one's mind" while think about can be paraphrased as "reflect upon or consider seriously."

성별 의사소통스타일의 습득: 언어사회화 과정

서경희 ( Kyung Hee Suh ) 경희대학교 인문학연구소 2008 인문학연구 Vol.14 No.-