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백민정 ( Paik Min-jung ) 한국군사학회 2019 군사논단 Vol.99 No.-
As of 2019, the US and China seem to invest heavily in order to become a winner in the cyber war domain. Although it is difficult to predict which state will end up dominating the technology, the majority opinion is that the US will remain as a sole leader in the law making sector in cyber operation. In 2015, the US Department of Defense released a document, "Law of War Manual", which can be considered as a developed version of the Tallinn Manual, first issued in 2013. In fact, the Tallinn Manual has recognized the legitimacy on the proportionate, counter-attack to the kinetic damage by cyber operation. The US Law of War Manual takes one step further in providing the legal ground for more of offensive cyber operation. The manual indicates that it can consider cyber attack as a use of force, though the result of attack lacks any kinetic damage. In addition, the US Department of Defense newly announced "DOD Cyber Strategy" in 2018 and expressed that the US Cyber Command intends to "defend forward" in cyberspace. It means that the US DOD is now willing to stop and disrupt malicious cyber activities in "real-time", even when the threat is detected outside the state's network. Regarding this new concept, the US DOD shares its self-assessment, commenting that the US cyber strategy is taking a stance that is rather offensive and innovative. In 2018 strategy, it states that "We will defend forward to disrupt or halt malicious cyber activity at its source, including activity that falls below the level of armed conflict." Analysis on this statement is that the US is now sharing its vision to preemptively defend its sovereignty against the grey zone activities, that fall short of the conventional armed conflict. A debate on whether the concept of "defending forward" can be considered as a response measure out of "preemptive strike" or "preventive self-defense" allowed in international law is introduced. As one can observe the US and China may compete on many grounds, for example in building the military power and etc, however, on shaping the international norm for cyber issues, the US is indeed taking the lead. And, even in near future as of 2040, the US is likely to remain as a superpower in developing rules especially in offensive cyber defense.
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방향족 폴리히드록시아미드의 합성과 열적 고리화 거동(II) -플루오르 치환체의 영향-
지민호,백민정,강찬솔,백두현,Jee, Min Ho,Paik, Min Jung,Kang, Chan Sol,Baik, Doo Hyun 한국섬유공학회 2013 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.50 No.5
Polyhydroxyamide (PHA) was synthesized via low-temperature solution polymerization of 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine with isophthaloyl chloride, and the derivatives of PHA containing fluoro-substituents were investigated for exploring their potential application as new thermally stable polymer material. The structural properties, solubility, and thermal cyclization of the PHA and its derivatives were characterized using FT-IR, DSC, and TGA to derive the relationship between the structure of the PHA derivatives and the thermal properties and cyclization behavior of the polymer. The PHA derivatives containing fluoro-substituents were readily soluble in a variety of solvents without LiCl, whereas the pristine PHA was soluble only in the presence of LiCl. The DSC analyses under isothermal conditions showed that the PHA derivatives exhibited a faster cyclization rate than the pristine PHA at $220^{\circ}C$ and $250^{\circ}C$. In addition, the DSC and TGA results revealed that the PHA derivatives could be cyclized into the corresponding polybenzoxazoles at lower temperatures than the pristine PHA; this could be attributed to the lower thermal activation energy of the derivatives owing to the introduction of the fluoro-substituents.
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플루오르기가 도입된 폴리히드록시아미드의 합성과 고리화 반응
박채원,강찬솔,백민정,백두현,Park, Chae Won,Kang, Chan Sol,Paik, Min Jung,Baik, Doo Hyun 한국섬유공학회 2014 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.51 No.5
We have synthesized four kinds of polyhydroxyamides (PHAs) via low-temperature solution polymerization of 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-hydoxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane or 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine with isophthaloyl chloride or terephthaloyl chloride in N,N-dimethylacetamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, respectively. The chemical structures of the synthesized PHAs and the polybenzoxazoles(PBOs) obtained by heat-treatment of the PHAs were identified using FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. We studied the thermal cyclization behavior of the PHAs and related this behavior to their chemical structures. DSC and TGA results showed that both the thermal cyclization temperatures and the thermal stabilities were decreased by introduction of fluorine into the main chain of the PHAs.
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