http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
A Review on The Agricultural Trade in Korea : 對美貿易을 中心으로 With Special Reference to U.S.
潘性紈 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.1
1960年代 以後 韓國經濟는 輸出主導型 外向的 經濟開發計劃으로 刮目할만한 成長을 이룩하였다. 그러나 이러한 經濟政策으로 因해 農業部門에 對한 投資는 그의 國民經濟에의 貢獻度에 미치지 못하여 農業의 成長은 非農業部門에 比하여 크게 뒤지게 되고, 그 結果로 相對的 地位가 현저하게 低下하고 있는 實情이다. 그럼에도 不拘하고 近來에 와서 對美貿易黑字로 因해 美國으로부터 農産物市場의 開放을 强力하게 要求 當하고 있다. 그러나 韓國農業은 그 零細性으로 因해 市場의 完全開放은 農業을 破綻으로 이끌것으로 展望된다. 本 硏究는 韓國農業 및 對美貿易의 實相을 밝히고 市場開放化의 實相을 개략적으로 考察한다. 1. 韓國의 農民 1人當 耕地面積은 美國農民의 그것에 比하여 1%에 不過하여 規模面에서 競爭의 相對가 되지 않는다. 2. 1987년의 總輸出은 47,281百萬弗이고 輸入은 41,019百萬弗로서 6,262百萬弗의 貿易黑字를 實現했다. 3. 對美輸出은 總輸出의 38.1%인 18,000百萬弗, 輸入은 總輸入의 21.5%인 8,800百萬弗로서 9,200百萬弗의 貿易黑字를 나타냈다. 4. 한편 農業貿易은 輸出 725百萬弗, 輸入 4,204百萬弗로서 農業部門에서는 3,479百萬弗의 貿易赤字를 나타냈다. 5. 對美農業貿易에 있어서는 輸出 82百萬弗, 輸入 1,984百萬弗로서 1,902百萬弗의 貿易赤字를 나타냈다. 6. 美國으로부터의 農産物輸入은 1980∼1985년 사이에 全體農産物輸入의 約 54%를 占하였으나 1987년에는 47.2%로 떨어졌다. 6. 韓國農業은 關稅와 쿼터等 物量的인 輸入制限으로 保護되고 있으나, 關稅보다는 物量的 輸入制限의 役割이 相對的으로 크다. 1987년의 경우 名目保護率은 쌀 94%, 大豆 397%, 쇠고기 82%, 豚肉 60%였다. 7. 1987년 現在로 780品目의 農水産物의 輸入이 自由化되어 輸入自由化率은 74%이며 이는 全商品의 輸入自由化率 94%보다는 낮은 實情이다. 8. 農産物輸入을 完全開放하면 價格下落, 生産減退를 통해 農家의 實質所得이 크게 떨어질 것으로 한 硏究結果는 展望하고 있다. 예컨대 쌀 輸入의 完全開放은 價格이 62.1% 下落하고 生産이 30.6% 減退할 것이고, 쇠고기의 輸入自由化는 價格을 58.5%, 生産을 41.2% 減少시킬 것으로 추정하고 있다. 그리고 쌀, 大豆, 쇠고기 및 돼지의 輸入自由化는 農家의 實質所得을 約 35% 減少시킬 것으로 展望하고 있다.
潘性紈 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.2
This study attempts to analyze the overall economic reality of farm households in hilly area and to compare it with the national abverage for the year 1987. 1. Total asset value per farm in this area accounted for only 89 percent of national average. This was mainly due to lower land prices. Land holding per farm in the area exceeded the national average by 27 percent. But the land price was only 67 percent of the national average. 2. Financial position was sound with net worth ratio of 91 percent. 3. Rate of farm mechanization was lower compared to other areas due to the lower level of infrastructure. 4. Education level was lower than other areas. However, the labor input per year was 267 man-equivalent days, exceeding national average by 21 percent. 5. Per farm annual income in the area in 1987 was 6,402 thousand won accounting for 98 percent of the national average. Income derived from farming accounted for 65 percent, and was hiqher than national average. 6. In order to increase income from farming, introduction and expansion in the production of crops and livestocks which have, loaction specific, and comparative advantage is recommended. 7. Both land productivity and labor productivity were found to be lower mainly due to lower capital investment.
반성환,이동환,박재옥,신상만 순천향의학연구소 1997 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.3 No.1
OBJECT : From the late in 1970, the incidence of breast-feeding have been increased in the developed countries. But, there is a marked contrast in Korea, inspite of the campaign of breast-feeding. We researched the general opinions of general populations on breast feeding to find out a better way on successful breast-feeding and helping people's understanding. METHODS : To find out the factors influencing the incidence of breast-feeding, we made on ingury study in 234 women and their family member including their husbands during the period of April, 1995 to August, 1995. We analysed the results according to sex, age, and the status of education and marriage. RESULT People in the inquiry answered as follows : - breast feeding is to be taken for granted.(93-94%) - the reason of breast feeding is for protecting baby from disease.(81-83%) - feeding breast milk is much better than cow's milk.(82-83%) - breast feeding is good for hepling the bonding between mother and her baby.(89%) - most of them would like to follow the spouse's opinion to keep on breast feeding.(73-75%) - breast feeding could cause some inconveniences in sexual-life/(74-78%) - breast feeding woman are regarded more admiarable when compared with non-breast feeding woman.(80-84%) - breast feeding woman is less attactive.(22-23%) - the purpose of creating breast is to feed baby.(14-17%) - breast feeding in public place is permissible.(43%) - breast feeding can make breast shapeless.(22%) CONCLUSIONS : Every effort should be made so as to increase the recognition of the value of breast feeding, not only for pregnant women but also for their husbands. Both of them have to attend the breast feeding education classes given before and after childbirth. Students have to be taught about the merit and the way of breast feeding through school education. Doctors are expected to encourage people to realize the advantages of breast-feeding, participate in the campaign and never advise to give up breast feeding.