Talc Mineralization in the Middle Ogcheon Metamorphic Belt (I): with Emphasis of the Stable Isotope Studies of the Dongyang Talc Deposit

박희인,이인성,허순도,Park, Hee-In,Lee, Insung,Hur, Soondo The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental G 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.6

동양활석광상의 광화대는 옥천누층군에 속하는 향산리 돌로마이트의 최하부 돌로마이트층준에 발달하며 광체는 이 지역 지층 중에 밥달하는 $N85^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}W$에 $40^{\circ}$ 로 플란지하는 작은 습곡축에 따라 파이프상으로 배태되어 있다. 이 광상의 모든 광체들의 상반이나 하반에 각섬질암이나 녹니석편암을 수반한다(김옥준 등, 1963; 박희인과 김기태, 1966). 동양활석광상의 활석광화작용은 돌로마이트의 재결정작용과 규화작용에 이어 투각섬석과, 판상, 엽편상활석(I), 미립질 활석 (II)의 생성 순으로 이루어졌다. 활석(I)은 돌로마이트와 $SiO_2$ 성분이 풍부한 유체와의 반응으로 생성되었고 활석 (II)는 돌로마이트와 유세와의 반응과 이마 생성된 투각섬석과 유체와의 반응으로 생성되었다. 광화기간중 유체는 초기에는 $H_2O-CO_2$계의 것으로 $CO_2$가 풍부한 것이었으나, 말기로 가며 $H_2O-NaCl-CO_2 $계를 거쳐 $H_2O-NaCl $계의 것으로 변하였다. 투각섬석과 활석(l) 생성기의 온도 및 압력조건은 각각 1,640~2,530 bar, $440{\sim}480^{\circ}C$ 였고, 활석 (II) 생성기의 온도 및 압력조건은 1,400~2,200 bar와 $360{\sim}390^{\circ}C$였다. 이 값은 동양활석광상 북쪽 약 5km에 분포하는 문주리층 구성암석의 변성온도 및 압력값에 비하여 현저하게 낮다. 활석광상의 모암인 돌로마이트의 ${\delta}^{13}C$과 ${\delta}^{18}O$값은 각각 2.9~5.7‰ (PDB)과 -7.4~16.8‰ (PDB)로서 기 보고된 태백산지역의 석회암의 값에 비하여 높으나 변질받지 않은 퇴적원 돌로마이트가 갖는 값의 범위내에 든다. 동양활석광상의 활석의${\delta}^{18}O$와 ${\delta}D$값은 각각 +8.6-15.8‰ (vs SMOW)와 -65~-90‰ (vs SMOW)로서 마그마 기원의 물의 값을 갖는다. 이 값은 이 지역의 문주리층과 계명산층을 구성하는 변성암류의 ${\delta}^{18}O$과 ${\delta}D$ 값과는 판이하다. 경석고의 ${\delta}^{34}S$ 값은 22.4‰ (CDT)로서 고생대초의 황산염의 ${\delta}^{34}S$의 값(30‰ vs CDT)보다 낮아 화성기원의 S가 첨가되었을 가능성이 있다. 활석광석에는 약하게 염리와 파랑벽개 등이 발달하고 있어 활석광상은 옥천대가 겪은 여러 차례의 변형작용중 최후기상이 적어도 끝나가 이전에 마그마 기원의 유체에 의하여 생성된 열수교대 광상이라 사료된다. Mineralized zone in the Dongyang talc deposits occurs on the lowest dolomite member of the Hyangsanri Dolomite belonging to the Ogcheon Supergroup. Ore bodies are emplaced as pipe-like body along the axis of minor folds plunging $40^{\circ}$ to the west developed in these dolomite layers. Amphibolite and chlorite schist are found along the upper or lower contact of all ore bodies (Kim et al., 1963; Park and Kim, 1966). Following the recrystallization and silicification of dolomite, tremolite and tabular and leafy talc(I) of the earlier stage formed, and microcrystalline talc(II) formed in the later stage. Talc(l) and tremolite formed by the reaction between dolomite and the fluid. Whereas talc (II) formed by the reaction between dolomite and fluid, or by the reaction between early formed tremolite and fluid. During the early stage of mineralization, the fluid was the $H_2O-CO_2$ system dominant in $CO_2$, In the later stage, the composition of the fluid changed to $H_2O-NaCl-CO_2$system, and finally to the $H_2O-NaCl$ system. The pressure and temperature conditions of the formation of tremolite associated with talc(I) were 1,640~2,530 bar, and $440{\sim}480^{\circ}C$, respectively. The pressure and temperature condition of talc(II) ore formation was 1,400~2,200 bar, and $360{\sim}390^{\circ}C$, respectively. These conditions are much lower than the metamorphic pressure and temperature of the rocks from the Munjuri Formation located about 5 km to the noJ:th of Dongyang talc deposit ${\delta}^{13}C$ and ${\delta}^{18}O$ values of dolomite which is the host rock of the talc ore deposit are 2.9~5.7‰ (PDB), and -7.4~l6.8‰ (PDB), respectively. These values are little higher than those from the Cambro-Ordovician limestones of the Taebaeksan region, but belong to the range of the unaltered sedimentary dolomite. ${\delta}^{18}O$and ${\delta}D$ values of the talc from Dongyang deposit are 8.6~15.8‰ (vs SMOW), and -65~-90‰ (vs SMOW), respectively, belonging to the range of magmatic origin. These values are quite different from those measured in the metamorphic rocks of Munjuri and Kyemyungsan Formation. ${\delta}^{34}S$ value of anhydrite is 22.4‰ (CDT), which is much lower than ${\delta}^{34}S$ (30‰ vs COT) of sulfate of early Paleozoic period, and indicates the possibility of the addition of magmatic sulfur to the system. Talc ores show the textures of weak foliation and well developed crenulation cleavages. Talc ore deposit in the area is concluded as hydrothermal replacement deposit formed before the latest phase of the deformations that Ogcheon Belt has undergone.

봉화(奉化)-울진지역(蔚珍地域)의 석(錫), 중석광화작용(重石鑛化作用)

박희인,이상만,Park, Hee-In,Lee, Sang Man 대한자원환경지질학회 1984 자원환경지질 Vol.17 No.1

The tin and tungsten deposits are embedded around the age unknown Buncheon granite gneiss which intruded the Precambrian schists, gneiss and amphibolites in Bonghwa-Uljin area. Pegmatite dike swarm developed intermittently about 4km along the southern border of Buncheon granite gneiss at Wangpiri area. Thickness of pegmatite dikes range from 0.5 to 15m. Pegmetite is consisted of quartz, microcline, albite, muscovite and frequently topaz, tourmaline, garnet, fluorite, fluorapatite and lepidolite. Pegmatite dikes are greisenized, albitized and microclinized along dike walls. Cassiterites are irregularly disseminated through the intensely greienized and albitized parts of the pegmatite. Cassiterite crystals are mainly black to dark brown and contain considerable Ta and Nb. Average Ta and Nb contents of the four cassiterite samples are 5300 and 3400 ppm. The Ssangjeon tungsten deposits is embedded within the pegmatite dike developed along the northern contact of Buncheon granite gneiss with amphibolite. This pegmatite developed 2km along the strike and thickness varies from 10 to 40m. Mineral constituents of the pegmatite are quartz, microcline, plagioclase, muscovite, biotite, tourmaline and garnet. Ore minerals are ferberite and scheelite with minor amount of molybdenite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, pentlandite, bismuthinite, marcasite, and fluorite. Color and occurrence of quartz reveals that quartz formed at three different stages; quartz I, the earliest milky white quartz formed as a rock forming mineral of simple pegmatite; quartz II, gray to dark gray quartz which replace the minerals associated with quartz I; quartz III, the latest white translucent quartz which replace the quartz I and H. All of the ore minerals are precipitated during the quartz II stage. Fluid inclusion in quartz I and II are mainly gaseous inclusions and liquid inclusions are contained in quartz III and fluorite. Salinities of the inclusion in quartz I and II ranges from 4.5 to 9.5 wt. % and 5.1 to 6.0 wi. % equivalent NaCl respectively. Salinities of the inclusion in fluorite range from 3.5 to 8.3 wt. % equivalent NaCl. Homogenization temperatures of the inclusion in quartz I, II and III range from 415 to $465^{\circ}C$, from 397 to $441^{\circ}C$ and 278 to $357^{\circ}C$. Data gathered in this study reveals that tin and tungsten mineralization in this area are one of prolonged event after the pegmatite formation around Buncheon granite gneiss.

餘窩 睦萬中 지방관 재임 시기 시 연구-『劒城錄』ㆍ『寧朔編』을 중심으로-

박희인 경상국립대학교 경남문화연구원 2020 남명학연구 Vol.67 No.-

목만중은 영조ㆍ정조ㆍ순조 대에 걸쳐 활동한 南人 문사로 18세기 남인 문단에서 일정한 지위를 가진다. 그는 비록 현달하지는 못했지만 평생 관료로서 관직에 몸담았다. 특히 庇仁縣監과 泰川縣監 두 지방관 시기는 가장 집중적으로 관직 생활을 한 시기로 당시 작품을 『劒城錄』과 『寧朔編』으로 엮었다. 지역민과의 사귐에 있어서 목만중은 수령으로서 권위 의식을 버리고 백성들과 인간적으로 교류하고자 했으며 지역 선비들을 가르치고 사귀는 모습에서 특별한 애정이 느껴진다. 또한 스님과 교류하기도 하였는데 세사에 초월한 스님들의 삶을 동경하며 공무로 지친 마음을 달래고자 하였다. 지역 승경을 다룬 시에서는 해당 지역의 수령으로서 지리와 역사에 능통하며 남다른 감식안을 가지고 지역의 아름다움을 읊었다. 또한 지역 승경을 찾아 노닐면서 공무의 시름을 풀고자 하였다. 목만중은 외직 생활 중의 고충과 객수 또한 시에 담았다. 한 고을의 장관이라지만 현실에 있어서 말단 지방관은 한계가 있는 직임이었다. 노년에 이러한 직임에 머물러야 했던 목만중은 자신의 처지를 돌아보며 방황하기도 하고 관직을 떠나 은거하고자 하는 모습을 보이기도 한다. This paper examines the characteristics of Mok Man-Jung`s poetry during local official and the poetry is in the 『Geomseongnok』 and 『Yeongsakpyeon』. As local minister he was intimate with the local people. He opened his heart to the common people and didn't ask people for courtesy. He was close with scholars. He taught scholars himself and prayed them to be hired by the central government. He frequently interacted with the monk and was envious of monk’s non-secular life. He loved the beautiful scenery of his post. He expressed scenery in poetry with affection and pride. He was faithful to his duty with responsibility and tried to repay the king's favor. But he also expressed the grievances about official business and had a hard time feeling lonely. He felt limited in official activities and showed an attitude of secluding himself from society.

통영(統營) 금광상(金鑛床)의 광석(鑛石)과 유체포유물(流體包有物)

박희인,Park, Hee-In 대한자원환경지질학회 1983 자원환경지질 Vol.16 No.4

The Tongyeong gold-silver deposits is located in Chungmu City, the southern end of Korean peninsula. The ore deposits is epithermal gold-silver vein emplaced in late Cretaceous andesite, andesitic pyroclastics and quartz porphyry. Ore is composed of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, electrum, argentian tetrahedrite, Cu-Ag-sulfides, quartz and rhodochrosite. Filling temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from 134 to $223^{\circ}C$ and salinity ranges from 1.2 to 3.8 weight % equivalent to NaCl.

경남고성지역(慶南固城地域) 동광상(銅鑛床)의 성인(成人)에 관한 연구(硏究)

박희인,최석원,장호완,이민성,Park, Hee-In,Choi, Suck Won,Chang, Ho Wan,Lee, Min Sung 대한자원환경지질학회 1983 자원환경지질 Vol.16 No.3

The copper deposits in Goseong district, Gyeongnam area are fissure filled copper veins emplaced on Cretaceous Goseong formation and andesitic rocks. Occurrence of ore veins and mineral paragenesis suggest a division of the hydrothermal mineralization into three stages: stage 1, deposition of arsenopyrite, pyrite, quartz, chlorite and epidote; stageII, deposition of pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, electrum, pyrargyrite, tetrahedrite, silver sulfosalt minerals, quartz, chlorite, sericite and miner amount of calcite; stage III, formation of barren calcite veins. Filling temperature of fluid inclusions in quartz of stage II, range from 260 to 360 C and salinities from 6.2 to 13.6 weight percent NaCi equivalent.

경남(慶南) 함안(咸安)-군북지역(郡北地域)의 동광화작용(銅鑛化作用)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

박희인,최석원,장호완,채동현,Park, Hee-In,Choi, Suck-Won,Chang, Ho Wan,Chae, Dong-Hyeon 대한자원환경지질학회 1985 자원환경지질 Vol.18 No.2

More than fifty copper veins are emplaced around late Cretaceous granitoid stock in Haman-Gunbuk district, southernmost part of Korea. These veins cut both late Cretaceous granitoids and hornfels of Jindong formation which is intruded by the granitoids. The paragenesis of veins is nearly the same, consisting of (1) an early vein stage in which most iron oxide minerals, tourmaline and other silitcate minerals were deposited, (2) a calcite and quartz with base·metal sulfide stage and (3) late vein lets of barren calcite stage. Fluid inclusion studies reveal highly systematic trends of salinity and temperature during mineralization. Ore fluids of early vein stage were complex NaCl-KCl rich brines. Salinities of polyphase inclusions in quartz and scapolite in thie stage reached up to 72 wt.% and gradually decreased to 10.5wt. % in closing stage. Homogenization temperatures of inclusions in the beginning of this stage were up to $490^{\circ}C$ and then declined steadly to $290^{\circ}C$ in the late stage. Salinities of fluid inclusions in quartz and calcite of base·metal sulfide stage were 37.4~5.7wt. % and homogenization temperatures range from $373^{\circ}C$ to $170^{\circ}C$. Intermittent boiling of early vein fluid is indicated by fluid inclusions in quartz. Potassic alteration of granodiorite adjacent to early vein seems to be related to early saline vein fluid. Fluid inclusion data of base-metal sulfide stage of this area reveal nearly the same range as those of Koseong copper mining district about 30km apart from this area.

Willems 의 Behavioral Approach 에 대한 소개

박희인 제어로봇시스템학회 2023 제어로봇시스템학회 국내학술대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.6

중부 옥천 변성대내의 활석광화작용 1 : 동양활석광상의 안정동위원소연구를 중심으로

박희인,이인성,허순도 대한자원환경지질학회 1995 자원환경지질 Vol.28 No.6

대화(大華) 및 돈산(敦山) 중석(重石)·모리브덴 광상(鑛床)의 광석(鑛石)과 광물공생관계(鑛物共生關係)

박희인,최석원,김덕래,Park, Hee-In,Choi, Suck-Won,Kim, Deog-Lae 대한자원환경지질학회 1985 자원환경지질 Vol.18 No.1

The Daehwa and Donsan tungsten-molybdenum deposits are composed of numerous fissure-filling veins developed in Precambrian gneiss and Cretaceous granite and quartz porphyry. K-Ar age of biotite in granite and that of muscovite in ore veins are $105{\pm}5\;Ma$ and 88.2~88.6 Ma respectively. Occurrence of ore deposits shows that relevant igneous rock is possibly quartz porphyry rather than above mentioned granite in temporal view point. Vein structure and mineralogy suggest that ore veins were formed by continuous vein filling, not by repeated mineralization. Three distinct depositional stages with decreasing age can be devided on the basis of mineral paragenesis and fluid inclusion studies: Stage I, deposition of oxides and silicates; stage II, deposition of base-metal sulfides and sulfosalts with carbonates; stage III, deposition of barren calcite and fluorite. Tungsten, molybdenum and tin mineralization occurred in stage I.

덕흔·법전광산(法田鑛山)의 금(金)-은(銀)광화작용(鑛化作用)

박희인,황정,김덕래,Park, Hee-In,Hwang, Jeong,Kim, Deog-Lae 대한자원환경지질학회 1990 자원환경지질 Vol.23 No.1

Gold-silver deposits of Deogheun and Beopjeon mines are composed of veins emplaced in Jurassic granite batholith. Based on ore structure and ore mineralogy, four distinct stages of mineral deposition are recognized in these ore deposits. Gold and silver minerals in Deogheun and Beopjeon-A ore deposits are precipitated in stage III and stage II, respectively. Mineral constituents of ores from these deposits are pyrite, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, tetrahedrite, electrum, quartz and rhodochrosite. Cubanite, argentite and pyrargyrite occur only in Deogheun ore deposits. Ag content of electrum range from 42 to 66 atomic % in both ore deposits. Filling temperature of fluid inclusion from both ore deposits are as follows; stage I, $211-289^{\circ}$ ; stage II, $205-290^{\circ}$ ; stage III, $190-260^{\circ}$ ; stage IV, $136-222^{\circ}$ in Deogheun ore deposits. In Beopjeon-A ore deposits, stage I, $255-305^{\circ}$ ; stage II, $135-222^{\circ}$ ; stage III, $148-256^{\circ}$ ; stage IV, $103-134^{\circ}$. Salinities of fluid inclusions range from 1.6-8.5 wt. % equivalent NaCl in both ore deposits. Sulfur fugacities through stage II and III in Deogheun ore deposits inferred from data of mineral assemblage and fluid inclusion range from $10^{-11.0}-10^{-16.1}$1bars. Fluid pressure estimated from fluid inclusions which reveal boiling evidence range from 30-190 bars during mineralization in Deogheun ore deposits.